This paper proposes a simple low cost SIR （sustainability index for roads） that can be easily implemented by any local government that has a flexible pavement road network. The SIR includes the three pillars of sust...This paper proposes a simple low cost SIR （sustainability index for roads） that can be easily implemented by any local government that has a flexible pavement road network. The SIR includes the three pillars of sustainability, economic, social and environmental. The economic pillar is development from a new perspective of pavement deterioration from the Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation＇s Pavement Management System. The new perspective is easily seen when the deterioration is plotted in three dimensions. This new exponential curve provides an equation for the return on investment in a road network, in terms of a future pavement condition index versus the annual rehabilitation budget. The environmental pillar will be developed by determining which road rehabilitation treatments cause the most environmental damage and recreating the new curve with these treatments being incrementally removed. The resulting curves will provide the annual cost of minimizing environmental damage and the loss of pavement condition index for minimizing environmental damage. The social pillar is, consultation with the community on what pavement condition index they are willing to fund, that is, balancing annual cost, environmental damage and desired pavement condition. This more efficient reporting conforms with the USA Government Accounting Standards Board requirements but not necessarily with the International Financial Reporting Standards. This new SIR reduces the current financial reporting requirement for local govemments in Queensland, Australia and can greatly improve comparability of financial reporting, where local governments calibrate the pavement deterioration factors in their Pavement Management Systems and use the newly developed regional rulebase.展开更多
This study examines the state of liveability in emerging urban centers of Ago-lwoye and Ijebu-Igbo in Ogun State. The study used primary and secondary data. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were...This study examines the state of liveability in emerging urban centers of Ago-lwoye and Ijebu-Igbo in Ogun State. The study used primary and secondary data. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze research questions that bother on urban liveability. Results of the analyses show that in the two urban centres the following are not in very good condition： neighborhood road quality, garbage collection, state of cleanliness, street light, state of security, pollution, water supply, drainage system, and power supply. Most of the residents are not satisfied with the state of liveability in Ago-Iwoye and Ijebu-Igbo towns. Statistical test result shows among others that there is no significant variation in the level of urban dwellers＇ satisfaction with their neighbourhood condition. In order to improve urban liveability in the two urban centres, government should provide all necessary infrastructural facilities and services. While roads are to be improved and maintained, electricity and water supply should be provided. Community associations should also be encouraged. They should be more involved in activities that will improve liveability in the urban centre. They should constitute themselves as pressure groups, working on the government to improve the liveability of the urban centre.展开更多
An international consensus is emerging around the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) proposed by the Chinese government, with a growing number of countries seeing it as a way of jointly exploring new international economic...An international consensus is emerging around the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) proposed by the Chinese government, with a growing number of countries seeing it as a way of jointly exploring new international economic governance mechanisms. Meanwhile, with the crisis of neo-liberalism, economic globalization has arrived at a crossroad. In particular, incessant voices speak out against globalization, making the quest for a new way of promoting global development a major challenge. In this context, more and more political elites and scholars consider that the BRI opens up a possible new globalization path, amongst which inclusive globalization warrants exploration. On the basis of a brief analysis of the course and mechanism of global economic expansion and the limitations of neo-liberal globalization, along with the putting into practice of the BRI, this paper outlines some of the core features of inclusive globalization, i.e., inclusive growth with effective and efficient government regulation; inclusive infrastructure development; inclusive development paths chosen nationally that suit national conditions; inclusive participation; and cultural inclusiveness. Although these features are not sufficient to characterize fully inclusive globalization, they do identify some directions for future research, and provide elements of a discursive construction of the BRI.展开更多
On December 18,2015,the UN Security Council unanimously adopted a roadmap for a peace process in Syria,which was seen as having injected＂fresh impetus＂to solve the Syrian crisis.The UN Security Council Resolution 22...On December 18,2015,the UN Security Council unanimously adopted a roadmap for a peace process in Syria,which was seen as having injected＂fresh impetus＂to solve the Syrian crisis.The UN Security Council Resolution 2254requires a nationwide ceasefire in Syria within January 2016 and the convening of formal Syrian-led and transition-focused negotiations in the same month between the Bashar al-Assadled government and opposition members.展开更多
During the Chinese Communist Revolution, Mao Ze-dong developed and used the mass hne to link the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party（CPC） with the masses. Atier 1949, the mass line mechanism fell into disuse;...During the Chinese Communist Revolution, Mao Ze-dong developed and used the mass hne to link the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party（CPC） with the masses. Atier 1949, the mass line mechanism fell into disuse; but in today＇s China, there seems to be a trend toward more openness. Deng-era reforms have decentralized the central government, weakened adherence to Party ideology, and reduced the state＇s control. In order to deal with diversified social interests, the CPC is renewing and extending the practice of the mass line through state-liceused intermediate organizations. By doing so, the central government is not only creating a channel for interest articulation but also deepening state control and regulation of civil society to ensure that power remains largely centralized.展开更多
文摘This paper proposes a simple low cost SIR （sustainability index for roads） that can be easily implemented by any local government that has a flexible pavement road network. The SIR includes the three pillars of sustainability, economic, social and environmental. The economic pillar is development from a new perspective of pavement deterioration from the Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation＇s Pavement Management System. The new perspective is easily seen when the deterioration is plotted in three dimensions. This new exponential curve provides an equation for the return on investment in a road network, in terms of a future pavement condition index versus the annual rehabilitation budget. The environmental pillar will be developed by determining which road rehabilitation treatments cause the most environmental damage and recreating the new curve with these treatments being incrementally removed. The resulting curves will provide the annual cost of minimizing environmental damage and the loss of pavement condition index for minimizing environmental damage. The social pillar is, consultation with the community on what pavement condition index they are willing to fund, that is, balancing annual cost, environmental damage and desired pavement condition. This more efficient reporting conforms with the USA Government Accounting Standards Board requirements but not necessarily with the International Financial Reporting Standards. This new SIR reduces the current financial reporting requirement for local govemments in Queensland, Australia and can greatly improve comparability of financial reporting, where local governments calibrate the pavement deterioration factors in their Pavement Management Systems and use the newly developed regional rulebase.
文摘This study examines the state of liveability in emerging urban centers of Ago-lwoye and Ijebu-Igbo in Ogun State. The study used primary and secondary data. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze research questions that bother on urban liveability. Results of the analyses show that in the two urban centres the following are not in very good condition： neighborhood road quality, garbage collection, state of cleanliness, street light, state of security, pollution, water supply, drainage system, and power supply. Most of the residents are not satisfied with the state of liveability in Ago-Iwoye and Ijebu-Igbo towns. Statistical test result shows among others that there is no significant variation in the level of urban dwellers＇ satisfaction with their neighbourhood condition. In order to improve urban liveability in the two urban centres, government should provide all necessary infrastructural facilities and services. While roads are to be improved and maintained, electricity and water supply should be provided. Community associations should also be encouraged. They should be more involved in activities that will improve liveability in the urban centre. They should constitute themselves as pressure groups, working on the government to improve the liveability of the urban centre.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41530751National Social Science Foundation of China,No.17VDL008The Project of Bureau of International Cooperation of the CAS,No.131A11KYSB20170014
文摘An international consensus is emerging around the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) proposed by the Chinese government, with a growing number of countries seeing it as a way of jointly exploring new international economic governance mechanisms. Meanwhile, with the crisis of neo-liberalism, economic globalization has arrived at a crossroad. In particular, incessant voices speak out against globalization, making the quest for a new way of promoting global development a major challenge. In this context, more and more political elites and scholars consider that the BRI opens up a possible new globalization path, amongst which inclusive globalization warrants exploration. On the basis of a brief analysis of the course and mechanism of global economic expansion and the limitations of neo-liberal globalization, along with the putting into practice of the BRI, this paper outlines some of the core features of inclusive globalization, i.e., inclusive growth with effective and efficient government regulation; inclusive infrastructure development; inclusive development paths chosen nationally that suit national conditions; inclusive participation; and cultural inclusiveness. Although these features are not sufficient to characterize fully inclusive globalization, they do identify some directions for future research, and provide elements of a discursive construction of the BRI.
文摘On December 18,2015,the UN Security Council unanimously adopted a roadmap for a peace process in Syria,which was seen as having injected＂fresh impetus＂to solve the Syrian crisis.The UN Security Council Resolution 2254requires a nationwide ceasefire in Syria within January 2016 and the convening of formal Syrian-led and transition-focused negotiations in the same month between the Bashar al-Assadled government and opposition members.
文摘During the Chinese Communist Revolution, Mao Ze-dong developed and used the mass hne to link the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party（CPC） with the masses. Atier 1949, the mass line mechanism fell into disuse; but in today＇s China, there seems to be a trend toward more openness. Deng-era reforms have decentralized the central government, weakened adherence to Party ideology, and reduced the state＇s control. In order to deal with diversified social interests, the CPC is renewing and extending the practice of the mass line through state-liceused intermediate organizations. By doing so, the central government is not only creating a channel for interest articulation but also deepening state control and regulation of civil society to ensure that power remains largely centralized.
