明代信牌、信票和路引的考释

明代实施信牌、信票和路引制度,有效地对政府职能进行统制,协调上下级关系,规定严格的办理程序。对于人口流动也实施管理,发放路引为凭证,便于关卡查验,利于商贾经商和百姓探亲访友旅行。这些制度行之有效,值得借鉴。

明墓所见冥途路引的考古发现与研究

冥途路引较多的发现于江西、江苏等南方地区明代墓葬中,流行时间约在明中期弘治年间至明末,宗教属性可分为佛教类和道教类,同一宗教内依据不同的派别信仰又有不同的样式。总体上道教冥途路引应为模仿佛教西方公据路引而来,但现实依据都源自明代的官府路引。其版式多样,出土位置不尽相同,最为规范的用法应为一份纸质留存,另一份诵读后焚烧,文书与纸灰一式两份装袋随葬。至今民间丧葬活动中仍能看到,具有极强的生命力。

扬州出土明代道教冥途路引研究

"冥途路引"是为了让死者能够顺利抵达阴间或前往天国的凭证,在明代墓葬中有少量出土,有"道教路引"和"佛教路引"两种。1956年4月,在扬州市城北乡禅智寺故址之东发现一座明代三椁三棺并葬墓,墓主分为盛仪及夫人彭淑洁、盛氏(疑是盛仪之女)。其中,彭淑洁棺内出土纸质道教冥途路引一张,文字清楚、印鉴清晰,给研究冥途路引增添了新材料,对研究道教文化和明代文书制度有不小的帮助。

论明代日用类书中的指南性交通史料

晚明时期涌现出许多面向民间社会的日用类书,其含有不少带有交通指南性质的史料,如地图、路引、路程歌诀等,其中最有价值的是路引。日用类书中的路引是在前人的基础之上修订整理的,对当时国内主要交通干线及部分支线有较为明确的记录。日用类书中的路程歌诀有《两京路程歌》和《两京路程赋》,两者记载了两京之间的运河水路交通线,内容大体可靠,且通俗易懂,便于记诵。这些资料与《一统路程图记》《士商类要》等商业书中的相关资料可以互相参照,为认识明代的交通以及明人的行旅生活提供不同视角。

An Analysis on the Mechanism Governing the Effect of Bomb Length upon the Sensitivity of Detection of a Capacitance Fuze

For a detector in a capacitanee fuze working in an electrostatic field, the bomblength (effective length of the conductor part) is an important factor affecting the sensitivityof detection. For the two different kinds of detecting circuit models in general use (the frequency-sensitive and the amplitude-coupling ), mechanism of the effect of bomblength on the sensitvity of detection is analyzed. Through the analysis a conclusion in fullagreement with experimental results has been drawn, that is. the longer the bomb length,the higher the sensitivity, on the condition that the sizes and the sites of the detecting electrodes and bomb diameter remain unchanged.

A Temperature-Autocompensated Detecting Circuit for the Capacitance Fuze

In view of drastic possible changes in fuze environment tempera- ture,a kind of temperature autocompensated detecting circuit for the capaci- tance fuze is proposed.It provides a steady detected output when the envi- ronment temperature varies from-50℃ to 65℃ and keeps a stable detecting sensitivity.Based on an analysis of the circuit,influence of the major param- eters of the oscillating circuit on the amplitude are explored.A few impor- tant controllable parameters affecting the circuit feature are found out.A parameter-control method is given in order to improve the circuit perfor- mance.

Five Nontrivial Solutions of p-Laplacian Problems Involving Critical Exponents and Singular Cylindrical Potential

In this paper, we establish the existence of at least five distinct solutions to a p-Laplacian problems involving critical exponents and singular cylindrical potential, by using the Nehari manifold, concentration-compactness principle and mountain pass theorem

Limb symmetry index in competitive alpine ski racers:Reference values and injury risk identification according to age-related performance levels

Purpose： The aims of this study were to assess differences of limb symmetry index （LSI） in strength- and coordination-related tasks between high-level, competitive, noninjured ski racers of different age-related performance levels and to prospectively assess limb differences as a possible risk factor for traumatic and overuse injury in youth ski racers. Methods： The study （Study 1） included 285 high-level competitive ski racers （125 females, 160 males） of 3 age-related performance levels and based on the school system： 95 youth （10-14 years, secondary modem school）, 107 adolescent （15-19 years, grammar school）, and 83 elite athletes （20-34 years）. To investigate the second aim （Study 2）, 67 of the 95 youth athletes were included and any traumatic or overuse injuries were prospectively recorded over 2 seasons. All athletes performed 4 unilateral tests （strength related： one-leg counter movement jump （OL-CMJ） and one-leg isometric/isokinetic press strength test （OL-ILS）; coordination related： one-leg stability test （OL-ST） and one-leg speedy jump test （OL-SJ））. The LSI was calculated by dividing the dominant leg by the nondominant leg and multiplying by 100. Kruskal-Wallis H tests and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results： There were significant differences between the LSI of the 3 age-related performance-level groups only in the strength-related tests： the OL-CMJ （X^2（2, 285） = 9.09; p = 0.01） and the OL-ILS （X^2（2,285） = 14.79; p 〈 0.01）. The LSI for OL-ILS was found to be a significant risk factor for traumatic injury in youth ski racers （Wald = 7.08; p 〈 0.01）. No significant risk factors were found for overuse injuries. Conclusion： Younger athletes display slightly greater LSI values only in the strength-related tests. The cut-off value of limb differences of 〈 10% for return to sport decisions seems to be appropriate for elite athletes, but for youth and adolescent athletes it has to be critically discussed. It seems to be necessary to define thresholds based on specific performance tasks （strength vs. coordination related） rather than on generalizations, and age-related performance levels must be considered. Limb differences in unilateral leg extension strength represent a significant injury risk factor in youth ski racers.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

Treatment of extremely-lateral lumbar disc herniation with METRx through intertransversal route

Objective: To study the feasibility and effects of disc resection in patients with extremely-lateral disc herrniation (ELDH) with microendoscopic tubular retractor (METRx) through intertransversal route. Methods: In the period from March 2000 to December 2002, 9 patients with ELDH underwent disc resection with METRx system through intratransversal route and the clinical outcome was evaluated with Nakai standard. Results: The operation time ranged from 60 to 120 min with an average of 75 min; the blood loss ranged from 50 to 120 ml with an average of 60 ml; and the hospitalization time ranged from 5 to 19 d with an average of 13 d. No wound infection, neurological damages, pseudomeningocele or other complications occurred. The rate of excellent and good outcome was 88.9%. Conclusion: Disc removal in patients with ELDH can be done with METRx system and satisfactory results are obtained.

AODV-Deleting Path with Bad Broken Index

In recent years, the development of mobile equipment makes the topology of the network to change rapidly. So that its routing problem an important research subject accordingly. In all the proposed protocols, the Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol（AODV） is applied to most wireless environments. With it, the shortest path from the source to destination node is chosen by the metric of hop counts. However, the chosen path with this metric may not be a stable one. With the research of predecessors, the Link Available Time（LAT ） can be calculated by the strength of received signal and may be regarded as another usable routing metric. Based on that, the authors develop a protocol named AODV-Deleting Path with Bad Broken Index （AODV-DPWBB） and discuss all the logicality of it. The simulation is done for two contention modes in several node speeds with discussion followed. The simulation result shows better throughput, and end-to-end delay can be obtained comparing the original AODV with metric of hop-count.

Surgical palliation of unresectable pancreatic head cancer in elderly patients

AIM: To determine if surgical biliary bypass would provide improved quality of residual life and safe palliation in elderly patients with unresectable pancreatic head cancer. METHODS: Nineteen patients, 65 years of age or older, were managed with surgical biliary bypass (Group A). These patients were compared with 19 patients under 65 years of age who were managed with surgical biliary bypass (Group B). In addition, the results for group A were compared with those obtained from 17 patients, 65 years of age or older (Group C), who received percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage to evaluate the quality of residual life. RESULTS: Five patients (26.0%) in Group A had complications, including one intraabdominal abscess, one pulmonary atelectasis, and three wound infections. One death (5.3%) occurred on postoperative day 3. With respect to morbidity, mortality, and postoperative hospitalization, no statistically significant difference was noted between Groups A and B. The number of readmissions and the rate of recurrent jaundice were lower in Group A than in Group C, to a statistically significant degree (P = 0.019, P = 0.029, respectively). The median hospital-free survival period and themedian overall survival were also signifi cantly longer in Group A (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Surgical palliation does not increase the morbidity or mortality rates, but it does increase the survival rate and improve the quality of life in elderly patients with unresectable pancreatic head cancer.

Construction techniques of super-length main cable of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Bridge is a highway three-pylon two-span bridge with span arrangement of 1 080 m + 1 080 m and the length of the main cable is more than 3 100 m. It is the longest cable in China. As the erection of the main cable needs to cross over three towers and the cables undulate acutely, general problems like the twist, spread and swell of strands and shedding of the zinc coating are prone to arise, which make it difficult to guarantee the quantity of cable traction construction. In this paper, the hauling, shaping and saddling of strands and sag adjusting are illustrated in detail and how to execute the refined construction control to guarantee the erection quality is also covered.

Observation and evaluation of bridge settlement in Beijing—Tianjin intercity railway

Specific requirements and methods of settlement monitoring which were used in bridge of unballasted track passenger dedicated line or high-speed railway are introduced systematically,and mathematical model and determinant conditions of settlement were proposed simultaneously,taking Beijing—Tianjin intercity railway as an example.

An Easy to Implement Sustainability Index for Flexible Pavements

This paper proposes a simple low cost SIR （sustainability index for roads） that can be easily implemented by any local government that has a flexible pavement road network. The SIR includes the three pillars of sustainability, economic, social and environmental. The economic pillar is development from a new perspective of pavement deterioration from the Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation＇s Pavement Management System. The new perspective is easily seen when the deterioration is plotted in three dimensions. This new exponential curve provides an equation for the return on investment in a road network, in terms of a future pavement condition index versus the annual rehabilitation budget. The environmental pillar will be developed by determining which road rehabilitation treatments cause the most environmental damage and recreating the new curve with these treatments being incrementally removed. The resulting curves will provide the annual cost of minimizing environmental damage and the loss of pavement condition index for minimizing environmental damage. The social pillar is, consultation with the community on what pavement condition index they are willing to fund, that is, balancing annual cost, environmental damage and desired pavement condition. This more efficient reporting conforms with the USA Government Accounting Standards Board requirements but not necessarily with the International Financial Reporting Standards. This new SIR reduces the current financial reporting requirement for local govemments in Queensland, Australia and can greatly improve comparability of financial reporting, where local governments calibrate the pavement deterioration factors in their Pavement Management Systems and use the newly developed regional rulebase.

Bitmap lattice index in road networks

A novel technique called the bitmap lattice index(BLI) is proposed, which combines the advantages of a wireless broadcasting environment with a road network. Existing road networks are based on the on-demand method: a server's workload increases as the query request increases when a server sends a client information. To solve this problem, we propose the BLI. The BLI denotes an object and a node as 0 and 1 in the Hilbert curve(HC) map. The BLI can identify the position of a node and an object through bit information; it can also reduce the broadcasting frequency of a server by reducing the size of the index, thereby decreasing the access latency and query processing times. Moreover, the BLI is highly effective for data filtering, as it can identify the positions of both an object and a node. In a road network, if filtering is done via the Euclidean distance, it may result in an error. To prevent this, we add another validation procedure. The experiment is conducted by applying the BLI to kNN query, and the technique is assessed by a performance evaluation experiment.

Workshops of the Paulista Company in Jundiai, Sao Paulo： A Threatened Railway Heritage

The workshops built by the Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro in Jundiai can be considered among the most significant Brazilian railway assets, both for their aesthetic and deployment qualities, and for the industrial activities carried out on the premises, since their spaces preserve the memory of the work of generations of railway personnel who performed their various functions there between 1893--the year they opened, and 1990 when they were permanently decommissioned. This complex, during its almost 100 years of operation, has undergone significant modifications and enhancements mainly due to technological changes driven by the replacement of steam traction by electric traction, and then by diesel-electric traction. Despite this, the complex maintained an impressive architectural consistency. Unfortunately, most of the buildings of this complex are unused and in disrepair, being the target of invasions, vandalism and theft of materials that if not stopped will cause irreparable damage to its structure and to the local ambience. The question that appears most urgent, therefore, is to seek ways to repossess this group of workshops in order to meet the current demands of urban development without losing the characteristics which form its architectural and urban identity in a city in accelerated mutation.

Maslov P-Index Theory for a Symplectic Path with Applications

The Maslov P-index theory for a symplectic path is defined. Various properties of this index theory such as homotopy invariant, symplectic additivity and the relations with other Morse indices are studied. As an application, the non-periodic problem for some asymptotically linear Hamiltonian systems is considered.

A novel memristive neural network with hidden attractors and its circuitry implementation

Neural networks have been applied in various fields from signal processing, pattern recognition, associative memory to artifi- cial intelligence. Recently, nanoscale memristor has renewed interest in experimental realization of neural network. A neural network with a memristive synaptic weight is studied in this work. Dynamical properties of the proposed neural network are investigated through phase portraits, Poincar6 map, and Lyapunov exponents. Interestingly, the memristive neural network can generate hyperchaotic attractors without the presence of equilibrium points. Moreover, circuital implementation of such memristive neural network is presented to show its feasibility.

Solutions and Multiple Solutions for p(x)-Laplacian Equations with Nonlinear Boundary Condition

The authors study the p(x)-Laplacian equations with nonlinear boundary condi- tion. By using the variational method, under appropriate assumptions on the perturbation terms f1(x,u), f2(x,u) and h1(x), h2(x), such that the associated functional satisfies the "mountain pass lemma" and "fountain theorem" respectively, the existence and multiplicity of solutions are obtained. The discussion is based on the theory of variable exponent Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces.

Path planning of unmanned aerial vehicle based on improved gravitational search algorithm

Path planning of Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle(UAV) is a complicated global optimum problem.In the paper,an improved Gravitational Search Algorithm(GSA) was proposed to solve the path planning problem.Gravitational Search Algorithm(GSA) is a newly presented under the inspiration of the Newtonian gravity,and it is easy to fall local best.On the basis of introducing the idea of memory and social information of Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),a novel moving strategy in the searching space was designed,which can improve the quality of the optimal solution.Subsequently,a weighted value was assigned to inertia mass of every agent in each iteration process to accelerate the convergence speed of the search.Particle position was updated according to the selection rules of survival of the fittest.In this way,the population is always moving in the direction of the optimal solution.The feasibility and effectiveness of our improved GSA approach was verified by comparative experimental results with PSO,basic GSA and two other GSA models.