路新小流域综合治理措施及效益分析

为了研究渭北旱塬区小流域综合治理效益,现以合阳县路新小流域综合治理为例,在分析路新小流域概况、水保现状和水土流失存在问题的基础上,对坡改梯、水窖、植物措施等小流域治理措施及其产生的生态、社会、经济效益进行了探讨,结果表明:项目实施完工后,水土流失将得到有效控制,年增加保水量49.28万m^(3),保土量4.58万t。年粮食总产小麦增加264万kg,玉米增加211.2万kg,花椒增产11.0万kg。年增产值为854.48万元,农民人均纯收入增加443元。20 a总经济效益17089.6万元,经济净现值为542.38万元,提高了小流域土地利用效率和土地生产力,改善了群众的居住环境,生活卫生条件,为渭北旱塬区农业生产和水土流失治理提供了借鉴。

变革中的网络 创新中的技术——访港湾网络有限公司副总裁 路新

当前的网络正发生着深刻的变化.一方面,中国已经成为世界互联网用户数量第二大国,互联网流量增长速度超过全球平均增长速度:另一方面,Internet和信息技术的迅猛发展,网络业务种类和业务量呈爆炸性增长.简单的网络连接与控制已经无法承载越来越丰富的业务需求:与此同时,网络安全问题也日益突出.这些均对网络设备的性能、网络建设的模式提出了新的要求.

优化群众路线教育实践活动学习教育环节的路径探析

群众路线是我们党的生命线和根本工作路线。分析当前群众路线教育实践活动中学习教育环节存在的主要问题,积极探索群众路线教育实践活动优化学习教育环节的新途径。把握学习教育重点是前提,正面教育和引导是要求,坚持党员先进性教育是核心,创新学习教育形式是关键,注重学习教育实效是根本。

阳茂高速公路改扩建工程软基处理关键技术研究

阳茂高速改扩建工程的软基路段,软土赋存状况主要为淤泥、淤泥质粉质粘土、淤泥质细砂等,软土埋深最大为 11.5 m,对于埋深超过 4 m 的深层软基,旧路软基处理采用袋装砂井排水固结法,扩建时此部分段落比较难控制的是扩建填土引起老路的附加荷载,从而导致老路发生新的沉降。因此,合理确定旧路软基处理采用袋装砂井排水固结法的拼宽路段拼宽软基处理进入旧路边坡的范围,避免老路发生新沉降导致老路路面开裂,成为本项目改扩建工程成败的关键点之一。通过研究,深层软基路段拼宽软基处理采用管桩,新旧路基结合部分采用剩余未被管桩覆盖部分的水平填土宽度控制在 4 m 进行处理,避免了旧路的新沉降过大导致的旧路面开裂,有效的保持了旧路的稳定性,提高了拼宽软土地基处治的工程质量。

Mechanical analysis of transmission lines based on linear sliding cable element

In order to study the sliding characteristics when the cable structures are connected with other rods, a string of sliding cable dements （SCE） consisting of one active threenode SCE passing through the sliding point and multiple inactive two-node SCEs is put forward. Based on the updated Lagrangian formulation, the geometric nonlinear stiffness matrix of the three-node straight sliding cable dement is deduced. The examples about two-span and three-span continuous cable structures are studied to verify the effectiveness of the derived SCE. Comparing the cable tension of SCE with the existing research results, the calculating results show that the error is less than 1%. The sliding characteristics should be considered in practical engineering because of the obvious difference between the cable tension of the SCE and that of the cable element without considering sliding characteristics.

Interruption Tolerance Routing Strategy for Space Information Network

Frequent inter-satellite link(ISL)handovers will induce service interruption in large-scale space information networks,since traditional distributed/centralized routing strategy-based route convergence/update will consume considerable time(compared with ground networks)derived from long ISL delay and flooding between hundreds or even thousands of satellites.During the network convergence/update stage,the lack of up-to-date forwarding information may cause severe packet loss.Considering the fact that ISL handovers for close-to-earth constellation are predictable and all the ISL handover information could be stored in each satellite during the network initialization,we propose a self-update routing scheme based on open shortest path first(OSPF-SUR)to address the slow route convergence problem caused by frequent ISL handovers.First,for predictable ISL handovers,forwarding tables are updated according to locally stored ISL handover information without link state advertisement(LSA)flooding.Second,for unexpected ISL failures,flooding could be triggered to complete route convergence.In this manner,network convergence time is radically descended by avoiding unnecessary LSA flooding for predictable ISL handovers.Simulation results show that the average packet loss rate caused by ISL handovers is reduced by 90.5%and 61.3%compared with standard OSPF(with three Hello packets confirmation)and OSPF based on interface state(without three Hello packets confirmation),respectively,during a period of topology handover.And the average endto-end delay is also decreased by 47.6%,9.6%,respectively.The packet loss rate of the proposed OSPF-SUR does not change along with the increase of the frequency of topology handovers.

Mobility Support for Content Source in Content-Centric Networking

Content-centric networking(CCN) is rising to solve the problems suffered by traditional networks,especially in terms of content delivery.One of the critical issues for basic CCN is supporting mobility.Handoff of Mobile Content Source(MCS) will result in a large scale routing update,which generates huge amount of routing overhead and leads to service interruption.Most of the existing CCN mobility mechanisms are transplanted from the IP mobility solutions,which are unnaturally integrated with CCN.Different from previous works,a mobility strategy from the perspective of CCN architecture is proposed to support the handoff of MCS in this paper.Especially,we define the critical network routers that can limit the routing update scale effectively when MCS handoff is conducted.Based on the defined critical network routers,the proposed scheme can provide lower routing update overhead,faster routing convergence and shorter service interruption time.Finally,series of simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

Location of anemometer along Lanzhou-Xinjiang railway

Using structured mesh to discretize the calculation region, the wind velocity and pressure distribution in front of the wind barrier under different embankment heights are investigated based on the Detached Eddy Simulation(DES) with standard SpalartAllmaras(SA) model. The Reynolds number is 4.0×105 in this calculation. The region is three-dimensional. Since the wind barrier and trains are almost invariable cross-sections, only 25 m along the track is modeled. The height of embankment ranges from 1 m to 5 m and the wind barrier is 3 m high. The results show that the wind speed changes obviously before the wind barrier on the horizontal plane, which is 4.5 m high above the track. The speed of wind reduces gradually while approaching the wind barrier. It reaches the minimum value at a distance about 5 m before the wind barrier, and increases dramatically afterwards. The speed of wind at this location is linear with the speed of far field. The train aerodynamic coefficients decrease sharply with the increment of the embankment height. And they take up the monotonicity. Meanwhile, when the height increases from 3 m to 5 m, they just change slightly. It is concluded that the optimum anemometer location is nearly 5 m in front of the wind barrier.

Optimization of press bend forming path of aircraft integral panel

In order to design the press bend forming path of aircraft integral panels,a novel optimization method was proposed, which integrates FEM equivalent model based on previous study,the artificial neural network response surface,and the genetic algorithm.First,a multi-step press bend forming FEM equivalent model was established,with which the FEM experiments designed with Taguchi method were performed.Then,the BP neural network response surface was developed with the sample data from the FEM experiments.Furthermore,genetic algorithm was applied with the neural network response surface as the objective function. Finally,verification was carried out on a simple curvature grid-type stiffened panel.The forming error of the panel formed with the optimal path is only 0.098 39 and the calculating efficiency has been improved by 77%.Therefore,this novel optimization method is quite efficient and indispensable for the press bend forming path designing.

iPSC lines that do not silence the expression of the ectopic reprogramming factors may display enhanced propensity to genomic instability

Here, we provide data suggesting that the absence of silencing of the ectopic reprogramming factors used to reprogram somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） may predispose iPSCs to genomic instability. We encourage stem cell scientists to undertake an extensive characterization and standardization of much larger cohorts of iPSC lines in order to set up rigorous criteria to define safe and stable bonafide iPSCs.

Cx31 is assembled and trafficked to cell surface by ER-Golgi pathway and degraded by proteasomal or lysosomal pathways

Gap junctions, consisting of connexins, allow the exchange of small molecules (<1 kD) between adjacent cells, thusproviding a mechanism for synchronizing the responses of groups of cells to environmental stimuli. Connexin 31 is amember of the connexin family. Mutations on connexin 31 are associated with erythrokeratodermia variabilis, hearingimpairment and peripheral neuropathy. However, the pathological mechanism for connexin 31 mutants in these diseasesare still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the assembly, trafficking and metabolism of connexin 31 in HeLa cellsstably expressing connexin 31. Calcein transfer assay showed that calcein transfer was inhibited when cells weretreated with Brefeldin A or cytochalasin D, but not when treated with nocodazole or α-glycyrrhetinic acid, suggestingthat Golgi apparatus and actin filaments, but not microtubules, are crucial to the trafficking and assembly of connexin31, as well as the formation of gap junction intercellular communication by connexin 31. Additionally, α-glycyrrhetinicacid did not effectively inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication formed by connexin 31. Pulse-chase assayrevealed that connexin 31 had a half-life of about 6 h. Moreover, Western blotting and fluorescent staining demonstratedthat in HeLa cells stably expressing connexin 31, the amount of connexin 31 was significantly increased after these cellswere treated with proteasomal or lysosomal inhibitors. These findings indicate that connexin 31 was rapidly renewed,and possibly degraded by both proteasomal and lysosomal pathways.

A KAD Network Evolution Model Based on Node Behavior

An evolution model of KAD Dynamic Model Network(KDMN) is proposed to study the reason of hot node and simulate the process of network evolution based on node behavior from a holistic perspective.First,some symbols and meanings are introduced to describe nodes relationship and network states at a time step.Second,some evolution rules for network are formulated when node behaviors of join,exit,routing table update,data retrieval and content index distribution happen with different contextual scene in KAD network.In addition,a lightweight simulator is designed to implement the KDMN model.Moreover,an example of how to use the simulator to simulate the network changes in order to observe the result is described in detail.Finally,the KDMN is applied to analyze the reason for the formation of hot nodes in the BT and eMule network in the experiment.The different evolution principles of local priority,global priority and hybrid random are adopted based on the provision of network protocol of BT and eMule.The result of this experiment demonstrates that there are some hot nodes exist in the KAD network.However,the principle of hybrid random can effectively alleviate the phenomenon that a node is widely linked with others compared with global and local priority.

Distribution network planning based on shortest path

In order to form an algorithm for distribution network routing,an automatic routing method of distribution network planning was proposed based on the shortest path.The problem of automatic routing was divided into two steps in the method:the first step was that the shortest paths along streets between substation and load points were found by the basic ant colony algorithm to form a preliminary radial distribution network,and the second step was that the result of the shortest path was used to initialize pheromone concentration and pheromone updating rules to generate globally optimal distribution network.Cases studies show that the proposed method is effective and can meet the planning requirements.It is verified that the proposed method has better solution and utility than planning method based on the ant colony algorithm.

Between Convention and Innovation -A Border Crossing in The Summer Before the Dark

Alice Ridout and Susan Watkins offers a best perspective in their book Doris Lessing： Border Crossings, to contemplate Lessing’s writing. In her 57-year publishing career, Lessing always crosses the borders： as a feminist or anti-feminist, as a science fiction writer or a realist who lost her way, as a Marxist or a reactionary, as a British writer or a postcolonial one. Lessing’s border-crossing not only lies in her different genres of writing or in different novels, but even in a single comparatively traditional novel. The Summer Before the Dark is a representative work of Lessing’s women portrayal transition from focusing on their outside world exploration to on their inner world seeking. This essay tries to look at the content and form of the novel, and to illustrate that Lessing’s border-crossing is also fulfilled in one single novel. She successfully crosses the border of convention and innovation： conventional in content, while innovative in form.

The effects of oral smokeless tobacco administration on endurance performance

Background： Smokeless tobacco is widely used by athletes to enhance performance. Nicotine is a central nervous system stimulant and acts on cardiocirculatory and metabolic systems, involving tissue blood flow and circulatory vasoreactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the oral smokeless tobacco （Swedish snus （SS）） on the perception of fatigue and time to exhaustion （TTE） during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Methods： Fourteen healthy non-tobacco male users were recruited for a double-blind, controlled crossover design （SS vs. snus placebo （SP））. Subjects were tested for 3 sessions： experimental session 1 （Exp 1） consisted of an incremental test to determine the maximal aerobic power out-put （Wmax）, whereas Exp2 and Exp3 consisted of exercising at 65%Wmax until exhaustion in SS or SP conditions. During Exp2 and Exp3, muscle and cerebral oxygenation was assessed by means of near-infrared spectroscopy, and the rating of perceived exertion （RPE） was recorded. Results： Comparing SS with SP tests, significant differences （p 〈 0.05） were found in the values of cerebral （-3%） and muscular tissues oxygenation （-4%） in the first 30 min of exercise. The RPE values were not significantly different between the 2 conditions （SS vs. SP）. No significant difference was found in TTE （SS： 54.25 ± 21.84 min; SP： 50.01 ± 17.03 min）. Conclusion： This study showed that muscular and cerebral oxygenation increased significantly with snus administration during an endurance exercise until exhaustion, but this did not affect fatigue perception and TTE. The results showed that snus could not be considered an ergogenic substance in non-tobacco users.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

Impact of disturbance from roadworks on Pteleopsis suberosa regeneration in roadside environments in Burkina Faso, West Africa

The seedling population structure of Pteleopsis suberosa and their regeneration mechanisms were investigated in four roadside environments （graded, adjacent, intermediate and ungraded areas） along paved and unpaved roads in West Africa. A total of 203 quadrats of 2 m × 5 m in size were surveyed and placed along transects parallel to the roads. Within each quadrat, the total number of seedlings and the number of living shoots per seedling base were recorded. Regeneration mechanisms were determined by assessing basal and aerial sprouts and excavating the root systems below ground level. The results show that the total seedling density and the densities of single- and multi-stemmed individuals varied significantly （p 〈 0.05） among the four roadside environments. However, all seedlings were produced asexually; root suckers were predominant （98%） compared to water sprout （1%） and coppices （less than 1%）. This study demonstrates that an intermediate level of soil disturbance from grading along paved and unpaved roads may stimulate P. suberosa regeneration by root suck- ering. Road type （paved and unpaved） did not affect seedling density, but was a highly significant variable in relation to the coppicing ability of P. suberosa populations in roadside sites. In conclusion, P. suberosa is a disturbance-tolerant species which can proliferate mainly by root suckering after roadwork disturbance.

A Discussion about the Path to increase core-competitiveness of Chinese Railway and Bridge Enterprise ——In the case of China Railway Jiujiang Bridge Engineering Co.Ld

This paper summarized the three things included in concept of core-competitiveness： integrative ability, core technology and core product. It reviewed main factors for increasing core-competitiveness, which include core technology, resource integration, information exchange and strategic alliance establishment. It studied the wildly used indicators in core-competitiveness assessment model, such as financial status, business management, technology innovation and enterprise culture. Through case study in China Railway Jiujiang Bridge Engineering Co.Ld, the writer got the conclusion that Chinese Railway and Bridge enterprises should focus on industrial integration and innovation to enhance core-competitiveness.

A Spatio-temporal Data Model for Road Network in Data Center Based on Incremental Updating in Vehicle Navigation System

The technique of incremental updating,which can better guarantee the real-time situation of navigational map,is the developing orientation of navigational road network updating.The data center of vehicle navigation system is in charge of storing incremental data,and the spatio-temporal data model for storing incremental data does affect the efficiency of the response of the data center to the requirements of incremental data from the vehicle terminal.According to the analysis on the shortcomings of several typical spatio-temporal data models used in the data center and based on the base map with overlay model,the reverse map with overlay model (RMOM) was put forward for the data center to make rapid response to incremental data request.RMOM supports the data center to store not only the current complete road network data,but also the overlays of incremental data from the time when each road network changed to the current moment.Moreover,the storage mechanism and index structure of the incremental data were designed,and the implementation algorithm of RMOM was developed.Taking navigational road network in Guangzhou City as an example,the simulation test was conducted to validate the efficiency of RMOM.Results show that the navigation database in the data center can response to the requirements of incremental data by only one query with RMOM,and costs less time.Compared with the base map with overlay model,the data center does not need to temporarily overlay incremental data with RMOM,so time-consuming of response is significantly reduced.RMOM greatly improves the efficiency of response and provides strong support for the real-time situation of navigational road network.

Analysis on Path and Countermeasures of Modem Agricultural Development in Beijiang District of Xinjiang

To realize the fusion development of modem agricultural demonstration zone in Beijiang District, on one hand, it should fully depend on its own resource conditions; on the other hand, it should positively promote the policy innovation and system mechanism innovation. The author thinks that promoting the fusion development of modern agriculture in Beijiang District should first recognize the importance and necessity of fusion development strategy, and then promote this fusion engineering from system and mechanism. Finally, it should make innovations in policy, in order to provide overall protection of modern agricultural fusion development in Beijiang District.

Innovation Research on College Ideological and Political Education Based on the Intemet Interactive Mode

The college students are the main force of contemporary youth, their involvement in the ideological and political course of study is very favorable on their personal development. But affected by the traditional education ideas, in colleges there are many deficiencies appeared in the process of ideological and political education, which have restricted the promotion of college students＇ Ideological and political awareness. This paper firstly analyzes the deficiencies of the traditional ideological and political education, discusses the key points of creating the intemet interactive mode, and puts forward the creative decision on ideological and political education based on the internet interactive mode, in hopes of providing helps to the follow-up study.