提高身体素质的主要练习方法

运动员身体训练将一般身体训练和专项身体训练结合起来,把身体训练与技术训练结合起来,在全面发展的基础上主要以发展力量、速度、灵敏、弹跳、柔韧为主,其它为辅。

浅析青少年中长跑运动员的身体素质训练

身体素质的水平直接影响运动技术的完善程度。运动水平越高,要求的身体素质也越高。通过文献资料查阅,参考法从理论上分析青少年运动员的生理特点、运动技能形成的年龄规律、身体素质发展的敏感期、提出更加合理、更加科学的发展青少年中长跑运动员身体素质的方法以及应该注意的问题,从而促进速度素质、耐力素质、力量素质水平的提高。合理利用青少年运动技能形成的年龄规律以及身体素质发展的敏感期,多采用跑跳投以及其他项目的练习,运用多种手段来发展运动员速度、耐力、力量等素质,使内脏器官和各肌肉群联合做功能力全面提高,这是青少年运动员将来创造优异成绩必须具备的条件。

如何提高中学女生身体素质

从近年来的中考体育加试和平时达标测验的情况来看,有相当一部分学生的分值偏低,特别是女同学。为改变这种状况,笔者根据教学经验,总结了一些方法,收到了良好的效果。现总结出来,供同行们参考。 一、因势利导法 因势利导法是指教师利用学生的心理特点,通过正确诱导,达到提高锻炼兴趣的目的。初三女生面临着升学,心理产生紧张感,在主观上,她们希望认真锻炼,在体育加试中考出好成绩。根据这样的心理特点,通过理论课,向她们讲解体育锻炼的重要性和必要性,介绍各种锻炼身体的方法,以提高女生的学习兴趣。

贯彻实施全民健身计划 提高我区人民身体素质

一九九五年十月国务院颁布的《全民健身计划纲要》(以下简称《纲要》),是一项国家领导、社会支持,全民参与的体育健身计划。它的奋斗目标是努力实现体育与国民经济和社会事业的协调发展,全面提高中华民族的体质与健康水平,基本建成具有中国特色的全民健身体系。《纲要》的实施,对于提高中华民族的整体素质。

我国女子七项全能重点项目的相关分析

在女子全能运动的训练中，必须找出对全局起关键作用的项目，重点突破，以此来带动总体的发展。通过搜集国内外优秀运动员的成绩，用统计学方法进行相关分析，得出女子全能运动中对全局起关键作用的项目为200m、铅球、跳高三项的结论。

试论体育教学在学生成长成才中的作用

体育教学是增强学生体质、培养学生兴趣的基本手段,也是学校教育的重要组成部分。体育根植于健康,立足于健康,本应受到同学的推崇和喜爱,但是如今好多中学生不愿上体育课,在体育方面有着极强的厌学心理,原因在于同学们没有认识到体育的重要性,因此弄清楚体育教学在学生人格养成、素质提高中的作用,对推进当今的体育教学有着长久而深远的意义。

初中体育教学的创新方法

创新是一个国家发展的根本,而传统的初中体育教学就缺乏创新方法,教师在教学过程中仅仅采取传统的教学方法,学生就不乐意去学习体育,甚至对体育课产生厌恶。为了较好地改善这种现状,就需要体育教师创新教学理念,采取新型的教学方法来教育学生,使学生乐于学习体育而且强身健体。为了使得初中体育教师在教学过程中采取创新方法,就需要以新课标为标准,转变教师的传统教学方法。创新教学方法主要是为了有效激发学生学习的兴趣。

黄糖和白糖的药用知识

具有广泛用途的黄糖和白糖,临床上亦有较好的治疗作用。这些也许很多人还不知道,现介绍如下: 1、低血糖患者,或者身体素虚的人,突然出现头晕、目眩、恶心想吐,或者干呕、面色苍白、汗出不止等症状,冲一杯浓白糖开水喝,几分钟以后,病情便逐渐好转。 2、患急性黄疸型传染性肝炎的病人,在治疗期间,每大服30至50克白糖开水,不但起到保护肝脏作用。

阳光运动对初中学生健康人格的影响研究

阳光运动可以说是塑造学生健康人格的有效途径,体育运动能够将学生积存下来的学习压力消除,让学生真正得到身心上的放松。在教学的过程中,要重视运动对于学生人格的影响,让学生健康成长。一、通过运动培养学生顽强的意志面对现在这个竞争激烈的社会,依赖性很强的学生在今后的社会中将会面临很大的困难,因此需要有意识地培养学生顽强的意志力和学生吃苦耐劳的品质。体育运动是一项比较消耗体力的。

Children and adolescents with Down syndrome,physical fitness and physical activity

Children(5-12 years) and adolescents(13-19 years) with Down syndrome(DS) possess a set of health,anatomical,physiological, cognitive,and psycho-social attributes predisposing them to limitations on their physical fitness and physical activity(PA) capacities.The paucity of studies and their conflicting findings prevent a clear understanding and/or substantiation of these limitations.The purpose of this article was to review the measurement,determinants and promotion of physical fitness and PA for youth(i.e.,children and adolescents) with DS. The existing body of research indicates that youth with DS:1) have low cardiovascular and muscular fitness/exercise capacity;2) demonstrate a greater prevalence of overweight and obesity;3) a large proportion do not meet the recommended amount of daily aerobic activity;and 4) their PA likely declines through childhood and into adolescence.Future research should focus on:1) strength testing and training protocols;2) methodologies to determine PA levels;and 3) practical interventions to increase PA.

Physically literate and physically educated:A rose by any other name?

In the 2013 release of the U.S. National Physical Education Standards the term ＂physically literate＂ replaced ＂physically educated＂. Un- fortunately, most discourse within the profession about the term physically literate occurred primarily after its adoption. While we agree with the spirit and intent of the term, we feel it is essential to discuss not only what has been potentially gained but also lost. In our paper, we illustrate the similarity of the terms physically educated and physically literate and essentially, from a definitional perspective, find little difference--but are these terms interchangeable？ We provide a critical review of the standards and conclude that the change to physical literacy has produced a shift away from psychomotor outcomes to cognitive outcomes. Our concerns about this are many, but most importantly they are about the need to emphasize the ＂physical＂ in physical education （PE）. It is our belief that the key to elevating the profession and maintaining and increasing support for PE is in its ability to promote and provide physical activity. Without physical activity and physical fitness as main outcomes, PE increases its vulnerability to extinction as a standard part of the U.S. K-12 education curriculum.

Gender and metabolic differences of gallstone diseases

AIM： To investigate the risk factors for gallstone disease in the general population of Chengdu, China. METHODS： This study was conducted at the West China Hospital. Subjects who received a physical examination at this hospital between January and December 2007 were included. Body mass index, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, serum lipid and lipoproteins concentrations were analyzed. Gallstone disease was diagnosed by ultrasound or on the basis of a history of cholecystectomy because of gallstone disease. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for gallstone disease, and the Chi-square test was used to analyze differences in the incidence of metabolic disorders between subjects with and without gallstone disease. RESULTS： A total of 3573 people were included, 10.7% （384/3573） of whom had gallstone diseases. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the incidence of gallstone disease in subjects aged 40-64 or ≥65 years was significantly different from that in those aged 18-39 years （P 〈 0.05）; the incidence was higher in women than in men （P 〈 0.05）. In men,a high level of fasting plasma glucose was obvious in gallstone disease （P 〈 0.05）, and in women, hypertriglyceridemia or obesity were significant in gallstone disease （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： We assume that age and sex are profoundly associated with the incidence of gallstone disease; the metabolic risk factors for gallstone disease were different between men and women.

Abrupt onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus during recombinant interferon-alpha 2b therapy in a patient with chronic hepatitis B

We describe a case of a 33-year-old female patient with chronic hepatitis B who developed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) after a 13-mo period of treatment with recombinant human interferon-alpha (IFN-α) 2b. The patient presented with polydipsia, polyuria, hypergly-cemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, combined with C-peptide secretion defi ciency and positive islet cell autoantibody (ICAb). IFN-α 2b treatment was terminated and in-stead insulin treatment was initiated. Five months after cessation of the recombinant human IFN-α 2b therapy, the patient remained insulin-dependent. Her serum HBV DNA became negative and serum transaminase returned to the normal level after a 10-mo period of IFN therapy. Type 1 DM induced by IFN-α is relatively rare in patients with chronic hepatitis B. We should pay more attention to patients on IFN-α therapy to avoid destruction of pancreatic beta cells. This is the first case report from China.

Classification of anemia for gastroenterologists

Most anemia is related to the digestive system by dietary deficiency, malabsorption, or chronic bleeding. We review the World Health Organization definition of anemia, its morphological classifi cation (microcytic, macrocytic and normocytic) and pathogenic classi-fication (regenerative and hypo regenerative), and integration of these classifications. Interpretation of laboratory tests is included, from the simplest (blood count, routine biochemistry) to the more specific (iron metabolism, vitamin B12, folic acid, reticulocytes, erythropoietin, bone marrow examination and Schilling test). In the text and various algorithms, we propose a hierarchical and logical way to reach a diagnosis as quickly as possible, by properly managing the medical interview, physical examination, appropriate laboratory tests, bone marrow examination, and other comple-mentary tests. The prevalence is emphasized in all sections so that the gastroenterologist can direct the diagnosis to the most common diseases, although the tables also include rare diseases. Digestive diseases potentially causing anemia have been studied in preference, but other causes of anemia have been included in the text and tables. Primitive hematological diseases that cause anemia are only listed, but are not discussed in depth. The last section is dedicated to simplifying all items discussed above, using practical rules to guide diagnosis and medical care with the greatest economy of resources and time.

Influencing of students＇ health status and physical education

Schools and parents should pay attention to health education for students＇ health awareness and good health habits, to establish a correct concept of health. School mental health education should be the first place; school should create a positive learning environment for students to get knowledge and skills of exercising. Especially in the nine years of compulsory education stage, we should ensure necessary physical exercise, reasonable arrangements for extracurricular activities to improve students＇ physical fitness. We should improve the school＇ s sports facilities, and create a good campus atmosphere. Schools should actively carry out extra-curricular sports activities, improve the level of quality of physical education teachers, develop students＇ sports consciousness, and improve material conditions for the students to create a good learning environment, meanwhile, we should increase the content of education, and enrich the content of physical education to enable students to select and reach more sports.

Effect of dietary genistein on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,and body composition of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

An 8-week feeding experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary genistein on growth performance,body composition,and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated containing four graded supplements of genistein:0,30,300,and 3 000 μg/g.Each diet was randomly assigned in triplicate to tanks stocked with 15 juvenile tilapia(10.47±1.24 g).The results show that 30 and 300 μg/gdietary genistein had no significant effect on growth performance of Nile tilapia,but the higher level of genistein(3 000 μg/g)significantly depressed the final body weight and specific growth rate.There was no significant difference in survival rate,feed intake,feed efficiency ratio or whole body composition among all dietary treatments.An assay of digestive enzymes showed that the diet containing 3 000 μg/ggenistein decreased stomach and hepatopancreas protease activity,and amylase activity in the liver and intestine,while a dietary level of300 μg/g genistein depressed stomach protease and intestine amylase activities.However,no significant difference in stomach amylase activity was found among dietary treatments.Overall,the results of the present study indicate that a high level of dietary genistein(3 000 μg/g,or above) would significantly reduce the growth of Nile tilapia,partly because of its inhibitory effect on the activity of major digestive enzymes.Accordingly,the detrimental effects of genistein,as found in soybean products,should not be ignored when applied as an alternative ingredient source in aquaculture.

Milling of wheat, maize and rice: Effects on fibre and lipid content and health

During the last thirty years the main interest in the medical consequences of milling of staple carbohydrate foods, particularly wheat and maize, has been in its effect on the fibre content as a result of the milling. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the West saw great changes in milling processes, from stone milling using water or wind power, to increasingly sophisticated roller milling, with an

Chronic constipation:Facilitator factor for development of varicocele

AIM:To evaluate the possible relationship between varicocele and chronic constipation.METHODS:Between April 2009 and May 2010,a total of 135 patients with varicocele or constipation and 120 healthy controls were evaluated.Patients were divided into two groups.In both groups detailed medical history was taken and all patients were examined physically by the same urologist and gastroenterologist.All of them were evaluated by color Doppler ultrasonography.All patients with constipation,except for the healthy controls of the second group,underwent a colonoscopy to identify the etiology of the constipation.In the first group,we determined the rate of chronic constipation in patients with varicocele and in the second group,the rate of varicocele in patients with chronic constipation.In both groups,the rate of the disease was compared with age-matched healthy controls.In the second group,the results of colonoscopies in the patients with chronic constipations were also evaluated.RESULTS:In the first group,mean age of the study and control groups were 22.9 ± 4.47 and 21.8 ± 7.21 years,respectively(P < 0.05).In the second group,mean age of the study and control groups were 52.8 ± 33.3 and 51.7 ± 54.3 years,respectively(P < 0.05).In the first group,chronic constipation was observed in 8 of the 69 patients with varicocele(11.6%) and 3 out of 60 in healthy controls(5%),respectively.In this regard,there was no statistical significance between varicocele patients and the healthy control(P = 0.37).In the second group,varicocele was observed in 16 of the 66 patients with chronic constipation(24.24%) and 12 out of 60 in healthy controls(20%) respectively.Similarly,there was no statistical significance between chronic constipation and healthy controls(P = 0.72).Internal/external hemorrhoids were detected in 4 of the 16 patients with chronic constipation and varicocele,in the second group.In the remaining 50 patients with chronic constipation 9 had internal/external hemorrhoids.In this regard,there was no statistical significance between chronic constipation and healthy controls(P = 0.80).CONCLUSION:Chronic constipation may not be a major predictive factor for the development of varicocele,but it may be a facilitator factor for varicocele.

Research for the Relationships between Body Acceleration and Energy Expenditure

During our research,It has been found that body acceleration has strong relationships with the human energy expenditure.This paper discusses the methods to assess physical activity and concludes that for accurate assessment of physical activity under free living conditions the recently introduced accelerometer looks most promising.We developed a new computerized machine to assess the body activity and energy expenditure.Test datas of the treadmill experiment,respiration experiment and 5-kilometer-running experiment have been archieved,we found that body acceration integrals with time has linear relations with body energy expenture.

Seasonal change in body length of important small copepods and relationship with environmental factors in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Differences among species in prosome length and in species' response to environmental factors do exist. Therefore, it is useful to examine prosome length for different copepod species in variable environments. Seasonal variations in prosome length of four small copepods and their copepodite stages in the Jiaozhou Bay were compared and the relative influence of temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll concentration were examined. Two peaks were found in the mean prosome length of Paracalanus parvus (in early winter and May). For Acartia bifilosa, the maximum values of all copepodites occurred mainly from February to April, and decreased to the bottom in July. Prosome length of Acartia pacifica peaked when it first appeared in June, then reached to the minimum in July. Parvocalanus crassirostris only appeared from late summer to autumn and the mean prosome length showed no clear changes. Correlations of adult prosome length with environmental factors were evaluated. For the four species, temperature was negatively correlated to prosome length except for P. crassirostris. But the different species varied markedly in their responds to temperature. A. bifilosa showed a more definite trend of size variation with temperature than P. parvus and A. pacifica. Correlations of prosome length with salinity were significantly positive for almost all the small copepods. The relationship between chlorophyll concentration and prosome length was complicated for these copepods, but for P. parvus, chlorophyll concentration was also an important affecting factor. Furthermore, investigation needs to be done on food quality for some copepod. These results are essential to estimate the biomass and the production, and to understand these small copepods' population dynamics in this human-affected bay.