成品油销售企业油品配送运力测算及车型优化

油品配送运力测算与车型优化对于成品油销售企业来讲非常重要。文章结合成品油销售企业实际情况,就油品配送运力测算及车型优化进行探讨,希望为油品配送提供借鉴。

Review of optimized layout of electric vehicle charging infrastructures

Electric vehicle is a kind of new energy vehicle which uses batteries as energy supply unit.A huge gap in charging infrastructures will be created by the expansion of electric vehicles.The effectiveness and rationality of charging facilities will directly affect the convenience and economy of the users,as well as the safe operation of the power grid.Three types of charging facilities:charging pile,charging station and battery swap station are introduced in this paper.According to the different methods of charging infrastructure planning,the research status of the method of determining charging demand points is expounded.And the spatial distribution of charging demand points extracted by the current site selection method has a certain deviation.Then the models and algorithms of charging infrastructure optimized layout are reviewed.Currently,many researches focus on three categories optimization objectives:benefit of power company side,investment cost of charging facility and user side cost,and the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization are the main solving algorithms.Finally,the relative methods and development trend of the charging infrastructures optimized layout are summarized,and some suggestions on the optimized layout of electric vehicle charging infrastructures are given forward.

Optimization of superelevation runoff model for cycling tracks

To improve the possible superelevation runoff models for the cycling track design,at first,two existing representative superelevation runoff models used in China were investigated and fitted. Then,an optimization methodology was proposed,which was focused on the track geometry itself,without the consideration of the physical characteristic of the cyclist,assuming that less vertical curvature values correspond to less riding time. The riding performance formulae were obtained with the variables of riding time,riding velocity and vertical curvature of cycling track. Finally,with the refined adjustment on the vertical curvatures with the help of cycling track design software and considering the effect of horizontal alignments,the optimized models were finalized. It is clearly seen that these optimized models take the form of quartic parabola and are verified to achieve 0.005-0.021 s improvement in the event of 200 m time trial.

Benefit analysis of curb parking and study on its optimization model

Curb parking lot is a major part of city parking facility with lots of problems, especially in CCA (citycenter area and it has a lot of advantages and has much effect on dynamic traffic as well. It is therefore necessaryto control the scale of curb parking. Basing the whole benefits of the traffic system and considering the minimumsynthetical cost on curb parking, a optimization model is brought forward of cur. b parking planning in CCAbased on minimum generalized cost. Based on this model, the scale of curb parking can be defined reasonablyto make the whole benefits of traffic system optimum in CCA.

Optimization of Five-Freedom Comfort Model of Vehicle

In this paper, a planar five-freedom model of whole vehicle is set up and its corresponding sport differential equation is founded. The square root of the driver＇ s acceleration is selected as the estimate index by the estimate way of vehicle＇ s comfort. The estimate index is minimized by optimization of fore-and-aft suspension＇ s stiffness and written with corresponding program. In the end, a model of comfort simulation by soitware of Simulink is found, and a temporal simulation for the upper example is applied to guessing the comfort of vehicle.

Lateral Stability Improvement of Car-Trailer Systems Using Active Trailer Braking Control

An active trailer braking controller to improve the lateral stability of car-trailer systems is presented. The special and complex structures of these types of vehicles exhibit unique unstable motion behavior, such as the trailer swing, jack-knifing and rollover. These unstable motion modes may lead to fatal accidents. The effects of passive mechanical parameters on the stability of car-trailer systems have been thoroughly investigated. Some of the passive parameters, such as the center of gravity of the trailer, may be drastically varied during various operating conditions. Even for an optimal design of a car-trailer system, based on a specific passive parameter set, the lateral stability cannot be guaranteed. In order to improve the lateral stability of car-trailer systems, an active trailer braking controller is designed using the Linear Quadratic Regular （LQR） technique. To derive the controller, a vehicle model with 3 Degrees Of Freedom （DOF） is developed to represent the car-trailer system. A single lane-change maneuver has been simulated to examine the performance of the controller and the numerical results are compared with those of the baseline design. The benchmark investigation indicates that the optimal controller based on the LQR technique can effectively improve the high-speed lateral stability of the car-trailer system.

Overall optimization of Rankine cycle system for waste heat recovery of heavy-duty vehicle diesel engines considering the cooling power consumption

The Rankine cycle system for waste heat recovery of heavy-duty vehicle diesel engines has been regarded as a promising tech- nique to reduce fuel consumption. Its heat dissipation in the condensation process, however, should be take：l away in time, which is an energy-consuming process. A fan-assisted auxiliary water-cooling system is employed in this paper. Results at 1300 r/min and 50% load indicate that the cooling pump and cooling fan together consume 7.66% of the recovered power. What＇s worse for the heavy load, cooling accessories may deplete of all the recovered power of the Rankine cycle system. Af- terwards, effects of the condensing pressure and water feeding temperature are investigated, based on which a cooling power consumption model is established. Finally, an overall efficiency optimization is conducted to balance the electric power gener- ation and cooling power consumption, taking condensing pressure, pressure ratio and exhaust bypass valve as major variables. The research suggests that the priority is to increase condensing pressure and open exhaust bypass valve appropriately at high speed and heavy load to reduce the cooling power consumption, while at low speed and light load, a lower condensing pressure is favored and the exhaust bypass valve should be closed making the waste heat recovered as much as possible. Within the sub-critical region, a larger pressure ratio yields higher overall efficiency improvement at medium-low speed and load. But the effects taper off at high speed and heavy load. For a given vehicular heavy-duty diesel engine, the overall e：＇ficiency can be improved by 3.37% at 1300 r/min and 25% load using a Rankine cycle system to recover exhaust energy. The improvement becomes smaller as engine speed and load become higher.

Multi-objective optimization of the streamlined head of high-speed trains based on the Kriging model

As the running speed of high-speed trains increases, aerodynamic drag becomes the key factor which limits the further increase of the running speed and energy consumption. Aerodynamic lift of the trailing car also becomes the key force which affects the amenity and safety of the train. In the present paper, a simplified CRH380A high-speed train with three carriages is chosen as the model in order to optimize aerodynamic drag of the total train and aerodynamic lift of the trailing car. A constrained mul- ti-objective optimization design of the aerodynamic head shape of high-speed trains based on adaptive non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is also developed combining local function three-dimensional parametric approach and central Latin hypercube sampling method with maximin criteria based on the iterative local search algorithm. The results show that local function parametric approach can be well applied to optimal design of complex three-dimensional aerodynamic shape, and the adaptive non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm can be more accurate and efficient to find the Pareto front. After optimization the aerodynamic drag of the simplified train with three carriages is reduced by 3.2%, and the lift coefficient of the trailing car by 8.24%, the volume of the streamlined head by 2.16%; the aerodynamic drag of the real prototype CRH380A is reduced by 2.26%, lift coefficient of the trailing car by 19.67%. The variation of aerodynamic performance between the simplified train and the true train is mainly concentrated in the deformation region of the nose cone and tail cone. The optimization approach proposed in the present paper is simple yet efficient, and sheds lights on the constrained multi-objective engineering optimization design of aerodynamic shape of high-speed trains.

Research on optimized GA-SVM vehicle speed prediction model based on driver-vehicle-road-traffic system

The accurate prediction of vehicle speed plays an important role in vehicle's real-time energy management and online optimization control. However, the current forecast methods are mostly based on traffic conditions to predict the speed, while ignoring the impact of the driver-vehicle-road system on the actual speed profile. In this paper, the correlation of velocity and its effect factors under various driving conditions were firstly analyzed based on driver-vehicle-road-traffic data records for a more accurate prediction model. With the modeling time and prediction time considered separately, the effectiveness and accuracy of several typical artificial-intelligence speed prediction algorithms were analyzed. The results show that the combination of niche immunegenetic algorithm-support vector machine(NIGA-SVM) prediction algorithm on the city roads with genetic algorithmsupport vector machine(GA-SVM) prediction algorithm on the suburb roads and on the freeway can sharply improve the accuracy and timeliness of vehicle speed forecasting. Afterwards, the optimized GA-SVM vehicle speed prediction model was established in accordance with the optimized GA-SVM prediction algorithm at different times. And the test results verified its validity and rationality of the prediction algorithm.