基于随车声强法的公路隧道水泥混凝土路面噪声特性

应用随车声强法测试了高速公路混凝土路面与沥青路面的噪声,采用统计产品与服务解决方案软件（SPSS）分析了噪声样本数据,研究了横向刻槽、纵向刻槽、纵横组合式刻槽及露石混凝土等具有不同抗滑纹理的隧道混凝土路面的A计权声压级和1/3倍频谱噪声特性,并与普通沥青混凝土路面（AC）、沥青玛蹄脂碎石混凝土路面（SMA）和超薄磨耗层的噪声特性进行了对比。研究结果表明：横向刻槽与横向组合式刻槽混凝土路面的噪声范围集中在100~104dB（A）,纵向刻槽混凝土路面的噪声范围集中在99~102dB（A）,露石混凝土路面、普通沥青路面、SMA路面、超薄磨耗层的噪声范围集中在97~100dB（A）;各种路面的1/3倍频程峰值频率均出现在1 000Hz附近,但是露石混凝土路面、普通AC路面、SMA路面、超薄磨耗层峰值频率对应的噪声水平比横向刻槽混凝土路面高出3~5dB（A）。可见,路表纹理形式是影响隧道混凝土路面噪声的重要因素,合理地选择路面纹理有助于降低隧道混凝土路面的噪声。

基于随车声强法的水泥混凝土路面噪声特征

利用随车声强法对5条不同水泥混凝土路面噪声特征进行了测试,分析了露石水泥混凝土与刻槽水泥混凝土路面噪声水平的差异,得到了车辆以60km/h速度下测试路段的1/3倍频程频谱分布特征。结果表明：露石水泥混凝土路面比刻槽水泥混凝土路面噪声水平低4.1~8.2dB;而横向等间距刻槽水泥混凝土路面噪声要比纵向刻槽水泥混凝土路面高出0.8~4dB;随着槽间距的增大,横向刻槽水泥混凝土路面噪声逐渐增大,且呈线性增长;水泥混凝土路面/轮胎相互作用噪声频谱主要分布在200~3 150 Hz之间;随着1/3倍频程频率的增加,声压级会逐渐增大,增大到一定值时就会逐渐减小,最大声压级对应的频率一般在800~2 000 Hz之间;露石路面和纵向刻槽的频谱曲线没有出现噪声尖峰,而横向刻槽水泥混凝土路面存在明显的噪声尖峰。

Customized Optimization for Vehicle Acoustic Statistical Energy Analysis

Statistical Energy Analysis(SEA) is one of the conventional tools for predicting vehicle high-frequency acoustic responses.This study proposes a new method that can provide customized optimization solutions to meet NVH targets based on the specific needs of different project teams during the initial project stages.This approach innovatively integrates dynamic optimization,Radial Basis Function(RBF),and Fuzzy Design Variables Genetic Algorithm(FDVGA) into the optimization process of Statistical Energy Analysis(SEA),and also takes vehicle sheet metal into account in the optimization of sound packages.In the implementation process,a correlation model is established through Python scripts to link material density with acoustic parameters,weight,and cost.By combining Optimus and VaOne software,an optimization design workflow is constructed and the optimization design process is successfully executed.Under various constraints related to acoustic performance,weight and cost,a globally optimal design is achieved.This technology has been effectively applied in the field of Battery Electric Vehicle(BEV).

《<古文观止>词义辨难》补

本文解释拙著《古文观止》词义辨难》遗漏的疑难词语,发现诸注家解之不确或多误。如:一、“仰亿万之师”应解“迎击众多的军队”。二、“自高皇帝不能以是一岁而安”应解:“即使是高皇帝(也)不能因此而得到一年的安宁”。三、“臣闻《春秋》正即位”应解:“我知道《春秋》经讲,新朝帝王改正朔登基就位。”四、“班声动而北风起”应解:“战车班班声轰然动地如北风卷起。”五、“而君侯亦一荐严协律”应解“您也同样荐举过协律郎严武。”六、“子言则然矣,宰相则知子矣,如时不可何?”应解:“您的话倒是对的,宰相倒是了解您的,(不过)时势不可,奈何?”七、“不自重顾藉”“顾藉”解“顾惜”,“藉”解“顾”。八、“頺乎其中者,太守醉也”应解:“其中安然自在的是太守的酒醉啊。”

An interacting multiple model-based two-stage Kalman filter for vehicle positioning

To address the problem that a general augmented state Kalman filter or a two-stage Kalman filter cannot achieve satisfactory positioning performance when facing uncertain noise of the micro-electro-mechanical system（MEMS） inertial sensors, a novel interacting multiple model-based two-stage Kalman filter（IMM-TSKF） is proposed to adapt to the uncertain inertial sensor noise. Three bias filters are developed based on different noise characteristics to cover a wide range of noise levels. Then, an accurate estimation of biases is calculated by the interacting multiple model algorithm to correct the bias-free filter. Thus, the vehicle positioning system can achieve good performance when suffering from uncertain inertial sensor noise. The experimental results indicate that the average position error of the proposed IMMTSKF is 25% lower than that of the general TSKF.

运箱子的老鼠

这天下午,小兔兄弟大毛和小毛正在去外婆家的路上,他们一边采着蘑菇一边玩耍着,非常高兴。忽然,'吱——'他们听到一阵响亮的刹车声,仔细一看,只见前面不远处一辆大卡车停了下来,几只老鼠从车上跳了下来。大毛心想:老鼠们都很坏,被他们发现就糟了。连忙拉着小毛躲进了路边的草丛。只见一只大老鼠冲着后面喊道:“车坏了,全体下车!把刚刚偷的箱 子全部运到洞里去!”咣当一声,车后门被打开了,好多老鼠从车上跳了下来。

Statistical Evaluation and Regression Analysis of Vehicle Sound Quality

A statistical approach to evaluate the subjective perception of the annoyance caused by the vehicle noise was presented in this paper. After recording the noises of Sanfeng, Huali and Xiali at speeds of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 km/h respectively, the annoyance of the vehicle noises was evaluated in the testing room using paired comparison method, and the sound quality metrics and subjective annoyance were then distilled. Loudness, sharpness, roughness, periodicity and impulsiveness were selected for each of the vehicle noises. By correlation analysis method, it can be found that loudness has a higher correlation （0.91） with annoyance than other parameters. Meanwhile, sharpness, periodicity, roughness and impulsiveness have correlation with subjective perception with correlation coefficients being 0.84, -0.82, 0.62 and 0.87, respectively. The result of multiple regression analysis shows that calculated annoyance obtained by the regression equation can explain the perceptual annoyance and the regressed evaluation model is feasible to evaluate the sound quality of vehicle.

Analysis and active control of low frequency booming noise in car

For Lightweight body,sound radiation and sound insulation performance have negative effects on interior noise by the deterioration of local stiffness and modality.So the research on the active control of vibration and noise for car body panels is useful for engineering.Analysis and active control of booming noise in car is researched by using a new active damping vibration reduction technology named smart constrained layer damping(SCLD).According to the vibration characters of body roof,an optimal placement of actuators is distributed.Based on dSPACE hardware in loop environment,an adaptive active control system is designed.Selecting vibration signals of engine mounting point as the reference input of adaptive controller,an active control experiment of booming noise for mini-car is carried out.Experimental results show that,when the engine speed is at 3700 RPM and4250RPM,the interior booming noise decreases 4.2dB(A),and 3.5dB(A) separately.It proposes new methods and techniques for intelligent control of car body NVH in the future.

Investigation on aerodynamic noise reduction for snow-plough of high-speed train

A set of acoustic optimization design methods is established by combining the flow field deterioration theory and the acoustic analogy theory,and applied to the acoustic optimization design of high-speed train snow-plough.The results show that the streamline bodies of the head/tail car are the most important sound sources,respectively,accounting for 23.7%and 33.7%of the total sound energy.Compared with the streamline body of tail head,the streamline body of head car is more biased towards high frequency for the sound source energy.The A-weighted radiated noise of the train body is characterized by broadband sound(mainly in the range of 1-4 kHz)and peak features(especially at 2 kHz).The snow-plough with the maximum expansion length can mitigate the strong peak effect of the sound at 2 kHz,reduce the total sound energy,and show the best acoustic radiation performance in the four schemes.The numerical computation model was checked by the wind tunnel test results.

Prediction and optimization of aerodynamic noise in an automotive air conditioning centrifugal fan

The high aerodynamic noise induced by automotive air conditioning systems has important effects on the ride comfort, and the centrifugal fan is the largest noise source in these systems. It is very important to reduce the aerodynamic noise generated by the centrifugal fan. The flow field and the sound field on the whole centrifugal fan configuration have been carried out using the computational fluid dynamics. Simulation results show that the sound pressure level near the outlet of the centrifugal fan is too high. Based on the relationship between flow characteristics and the aerodynamic noise, four parameters of the centrifugal fan, i.e., impeller blade＇s outlet angle 0, volute tongue＇s gap t, collector inclination angle fl, and rotating speed n, were selected as design variables and optimized using response surface methodology. While keeping the function of flow rate unchanged, the peak noise level is reduced by 8 dB or 10.8%. The noise level is satisfactorily reduced.

Aerodynamic noise characteristics of high-speed train foremost bogie section

This paper investigates the main scale analysis of the aerodynamic noise in the foremost bogie area by the large-eddy simulation(LES)and the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H)analogy.The mechanism of the aerodynamic noise in this area has been excavated.The aerodynamic excitation results show that the bogie divides the bogie compartment into two cavities,each of which contains a large circulating flow and presents multi-peak characteristics in the frequency domain.The far-field noise results suggest that in the speed range of 200−350 km/h,the aerodynamic noise mechanism in the bogie area is the same.Cavity noise is the main noise mechanism in the foremost bogie area,and the bogie divides the bogie cabin into two cavities,thereby changing the aerodynamic noise in this area.

Optimization of Vibration and Noise Performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicles

In the design of the motor used for electric vehicles(EVS),vibration and noise problems are often ignored,which reduce the reliability and service life of the motor.In this paper,an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM)with high power density is taken as an example,and its electromagnetic vibration and noise problem is investigated and optimized.Firstly,the factors that generate the electromagnetic force harmonic of IPMSM are analyzed by theoretical derivation.Furthermore,the mode and electromagnetic harmonic distribution of the motor are calculated and analyzed by establishing the electromagnetic-structure-sound coupling simulation model.Then,by combining finite element method(FEM)with modern optimization algorithm,an electromagnetic vibration and noise performance optimization method is proposed in the electromagnetic design stage of the motor.Finally,an IPMSM is optimized by this method for electromagnetic vibration and noise performance.The results of comparison between before and after optimization prove the feasibility of the method.

Coupled analysis of engine noise and interior noise of an automobile

The coupled model of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine and a dash panel was constructed to analyze the relationship between the engine noise and interior noise of an automobile. Finite element analysis, flexible multi-body dynamics, and boundary element analysis were integrated to obtain the tetrahedron-element models, structural vibration response, and radiated noise,respectively. The accuracy of the finite-element model of the engine was validated by modal analysis via single-input multi-output technology, while the dash panel was validated by sound transmission loss experiment. The block was optimized to reduce the radiated acoustic power from the engine surface. The acoustic transfer path between the engine cabin and passenger compartment was then established. The coupled analysis results reveal that the interior noise is optimized due to the engine noise reduction.

Noise Analysis of an Lightweight Auto-body Using FEM/BEM

Since numeric simulation can save much costs, it is widely used in autombile design. Besides, noise, vibration and harshness（NVH） performance is one major target for engineer to design a competitive product. In this paper, NVH performance of a lightweight auto-body prototype using alternative materials and gauge thickness were studied by finite element materials and boundary element method （BEM）. In order to fred the most contributing panel to the peak value of response, the panel acoustic contribution analysis （PACA） was performed and the most effective modification area was located. Finally, the sound pressure was reduced by putting damping material on these parts.

Vibration Analysis of Vehicle Floor Panel Using Hybrid Method of FEM and SEA

In order to improve the mass efficiency of an automotive soundproof package, it is important to predict the middle to high frequency range of noise and vibration during vehicle operation. A hybrid method of experimental and analytical SEA （statistical energy analysis） has been applied for the prediction of air-borne noise. However, for predicting structure-borne noise, there are no definitive simulation methods that can address the soundproof specifications in an actual vehicle. Thus, in this paper, a FEM （finite element method）＇SEA hybrid method is used. The FEM＇SEA hybrid method predicts structure-borne noise in the middle to high frequency range. First, we explain the basic concept of the FEM＇SEA hybrid method; Second, we describe our experiment to verify the analytical results of the FEM＇SEA hybrid method; Third, we provide the details of the FEM model versus the FEM＇SEA hybrid model; Finally, we verify the validity and availability of the FEM＇SEA hybrid method through comparisons of the FEM analysis results, FEM-SEA analysis results and measured results.

Experimental research of traction motor system for electric vehicle base on sound tensity

The traction motor of electric vehicle is differing from the general industry traction motor completely. Not only frequently start, parking, accelerate, decelerate and low speed, but also high torque in climbing slope, low torque in high speed and wide range speed are requested. Base on the theory of sound intensi- ty, the experiment of noise are study through the measurement at discrete points. The sizing grid is 10mm × 10mm, The sound intensity map of traction motor are protracted at 1000r/min and the result show that the main noise sources are fan, gear-box and the traction motor in turn.

keep Pace with the World and Create Great Value

Foton Motors has, through its innovative technology, marketing and management, achieved rapid development that has gained it entry into the international auto market. Its products have created for Foton a worldwide reputation for excellence and supreme quality.

Investigation on Major Noise Sources of Vehicle Diesel Engine Based on Sound Intensity Measurement

In order to reduce the noise and vibration of the diesel engine,it is crucial to exactly identify the engine noise source character.Based on "two-microphone" method,the sound intensity measurement of a vehicle four-stroke diesel engine was carried out in a hemi-anechoic chamber.Then the sound intensity contour maps were obtained from the measurement results and the main noise components of different frequencies on all the measurement surfaces were picked out to construct contour maps.By analysizing the relationship between the characteristics of contour maps and the space distribution of the engine compartment,the major sources of the exterior radiation noise of the diesel engine were identified.The results provided a creditable basis for improving the noise performance of the engine in the next phase.

Tonal Noise Prediction of an Automotive Engine Cooling Fan： Comparison between Analytical Models and Acoustic Analogy Results

Valeo, involved in engine cooling fan system design for many years, is interested in noise prediction tools for axial fans. Thus, this paper describes a two-part study of tonal noise computation. The first part deals with the prediction of tonal noise using analytical models. As for the second part, it describes a hybrid approach for predicting tonal noise where the sources are extracted from an Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Naviers-Stocks （URANS） simulation and then propagated into the far, free field using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings＇ acoustic analogy. The computational domain is meshed with 46 million polyhedral elements and the simulation takes into account the exact geometry of the rotor blades, the stator blades and the shroud. The results from the first part show that analytical models can be used for comparisons between different fan geometries, but are unable to provide accurate noise predictions compared to experimental results. The simulation shows non-periodic blade loading over a whole fan revolution, and different blade loading between the blades. This introduces some bias in the assessment of the acoustic performance of the fan. Overall, the results from the hybrid method are in accordance with the experimental results.

Longitudinal type-line optimization of high-speed train for low aerodynamic noise

The basic head shape of high-speed train is determined by its longitudinal type-line(LTL),so it is crucial to optimize its aerodynamic performance.Based on the parametric modeling of LTL constructed by non-uniform relational B-spline(NURBS)and the fluctuation pressure obtained by large eddy simulation(LES),the Kriging surrogate model(KSM)of LTL was constructed for low aerodynamic noise,and the accuracy of the KSM was improved gradually by adding the sample point with maximum expected improvement(EI)and the optimal point from optimization.The optimal objective was searched with genetic algorithm(GA).The results show that the total fluctuation pressure level(FPL)of the optimal LTL can be 8.7 dB less than that of original one,and the shape optimization method is feasible for low aerodynamic noise design.