基于遗传算法的双区型仓库人工拣货路径优化

为获取捡货作业的最优路径,本文以某配送中心双区型仓库中人工拣货作业为研究对象,探讨了订单批量处理和拣货路径优化问题,建立了拣货车容量受限的TSP模型,并基于遗传算法,设计一种启发式算法对拣货路径进行优化处理,同时,应用Visual 6.0C++程序进行仿真实验,以快速获得任意订单中所有待拣货物的拣取顺序,计算出最短路程。仿真结果表明,将考虑拣货车容量限制的情况下求得的最优路径与未考虑拣货车容量限制的情况下求得的最优路径进行对比,结果拣货的先后次序完全不同,说明考虑运载量是有效的,且更符合实际情况。该研究不但提高拣货效率,而且节约各项成本,对现实仓库的拣货作业具有实际应用价值。

黄壁庄水库正常溢洪道启闭机室振动监测

黄壁庄水库启闭机室与坝顶公路桥平行设置,且二者同墩,在车辆通过交通桥时,启闭机室产生的振动相当大,经过30多年的运行,启闭机室破坏较为严重,本文通过对监测资料的整理分析,确定了引起启闭机室振动破坏的原因和机理,并提出了相应的对策。

长途运输网箱鲤最佳装运密度的探讨

目前,集约化网箱养鲤在四川各地较为广泛。一些渔场年产成鱼近百万公斤,但就全国而论,发展极不平衡。发展稍差的地区,鱼价偏高。长途运销成鱼已成为水产技术人员探讨的课题之一。近年来,许多水产工作者对网箱养殖生产中的饵料配方、制作以及放养密度的研究颇多,但对长途运输的装运密度及经济效益研究偏少,而多数又以自己的经验提出可能性建议,定量研究则更少。为此,本文通过1990年涪陵地区水产技术开发公司生产的成鱼运销贵州省遵义地区(距离500km)的成鱼装运密度与有效车载量(指运到活鱼量)、毛利润的分析。

Cooperative Spectrum Allocation with QoS Support in Cognitive Cooperative Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

To solve the contradiction between the increasing demand of diverse vehicular wireless applications and the shortage of spectrum resource, a novel cognitive cooperative vehicular ad-hoc network （CC- VANET） framework is proposed in this paper. Firstly, we develop an adaptive cognitive spectrum sensing （ACSS） mechanism which can help to trigger and adjust the spectrum sensing window according to network traffic load status and communication quality. And then, Generalized Nash Bargaining SoLution （GNBS）, which can achieve a good tradeoff between efficiency and weighted fairness, is proposed to formulate the asymmetric inter- cell resource allocation. Finally, GNBS- Safety （GNBS-S） scheme is developed to enhance the Quality of Service （QoS） of safety applications, especially in the heavy load status, where the bandwidth demanded and supplied cannot be matched well. Furthermore, the primary user activity （PUA） which can cause rate loss to secondary users, is also considered to alleviate its influence to fairness. Simulation results indicate that the proposed CC-VANET scheme can greatly improve the spectrum efficiency and reduce the transmission delay and packet loss rate on the heavy contention status. And GNBS spectrum allocation scheme outperforms both the Max-rain and Max-rate schemes, and canenhance the communication reliability of safety service considerably in CC-VANET.

燃料电池重型货车整车开发主要矛盾辨析与应对研究

在我国,中重型货车是温室气体及污染物排放的主要贡献者,加快以柴油为主的中重型货车向电动化转型十分迫切,纯电动与燃料电池是当下最受重视的两条技术路线。纯电动路线在十多年的中短途运输和公共领域中的发展被证明是成功的;燃料电池路线在能量补给、能量密度等方面的优势比纯电动路线更适宜于长途重型货车的应用,目前正处于迅猛发展阶段。然而,以柴油牵引汽车为例,车辆可通过采用大油箱轻松达到3000 km的续驶里程,而当前的燃料电池牵引汽车的续驶里程正努力向500 km迈进,远不能与柴油汽车相比较。鉴于此,基于客户需求视角考虑,当下燃料电池重型货车整车开发的主要矛盾,是过低的车载储氢量带来的续驶里程过低问题,这主要是由氢过低的体积存储密度决定的。提高燃料电池堆和燃料电池系统的能量转化效率虽然有助于提升续驶里程,但其前提是关键材料的技术突破。在当前整车开发中,最大限度地提升车载储氢量,降低辅助系统能耗,提高机械传动与电力电子系统效率,降低车辆行驶消耗更具有现实意义和可操作性。重点介绍在提升车载储氢量和降低车辆空气阻力系数方面的措施,以及对提升续驶里程的影响。按照《节能与新能源汽车技术路线图2.0》的愿景,能够实现燃料电池重型货车到2030年达到800 km的续驶里程的目标。

A Deadlock-Avoidance Dispatching Method for Multiple-Load AGVs Based Transportation System

In recent years,multiple-load automatic guided vehicle(AGV)is increasingly used in the logistics transportation fields,owing to the advantages of smaller fleet size and fewer occurrences of traffic congestion.However,one main challenge lies in the deadlock-avoidance for the dispatching process of a multiple-load AGV system.To prevent the system from falling into a deadlock,a strategy of keeping the number of jobs in the system(NJIS)at a low level is adopted in most existing literatures.It is noteworthy that a low-level NJIS will make the processing machine easier to be starved,thereby reducing the system efficiency unavoidably.The motivation of the paper is to develop a deadlock-avoidance dispatching method for a multiple-load AGV system operating at a high NJIS level.Firstly,the deadlock-avoidance dispatching method is devised by incorporating a deadlock-avoidance strategy into a dispatching procedure that contains four sub-problems.In this strategy,critical tasks are recognized according to the status of workstation buffers,and then temporarily forbidden to avoid potential deadlocks.Secondly,three multiattribute dispatching rules are designed for system efficiency,where both the traveling distance and the buffer status are taken into account.Finally,a simulation system is developed to evaluate the performance of the proposed deadlock-avoidance strategy and dispatching rules at different NJIS levels.The experimental results demonstrate that our deadlock-avoidance dispatching method can improve the system efficiency at a high NJIS level and the adaptability to various system settings,while still avoiding potential deadlocks.

Mathematical Model of Electric Vehicle Power Consumption for Traveling and Air-Conditioning

In order to make maximum use of the EV （electric vehicle） battery, evaluating the remaining battery capacity and the power consumption is important. Evaluation method of the remaining battery capacity with accuracy has been proposed. Moreover, the evaluation method of the power consumption for traveling has been proposed. However, the power consumption for vehicle-mounted air-conditioner is 30%. It is necessary to calculate the power consumption for both traveling and air-conditioning. In this paper, the authors have constructed a mathematical model which calculates the EV power consumption for both traveling and air-conditioning. The calculated results of this model have been compared to actual traveling data. In addition, factors which have a impact on the EV power consumption have been studied. As a result, the EV power consumption is greately varied by slope resistance, acceleration resistance and required air-conditioning load. Moreover, it is clarified that the air-conditioner consumes approximately 25% to 50% of the total power consumption in a hot summer day. In addition, the acceleration and the air-conditioning load differ depending on each vehicle driver. Therefore, in order to evaluate the EV power consumption practically, it is necessary to reflect the characteristics of each vehicle driver.

Quality assessment of onboard GPS receiver and its combination with DORIS and SLR for Haiyang 2A precise orbit determination

The GPS,DORIS,and SLR instruments are installed on Haiyang 2A(HY2A)altimetry satellite for Precise Orbit Determination(POD).Among these instruments,the codeless GPS receiver is the state-of-art Chinese indigenous onboard receiver,and it is the first one successfully used for Low Earth Orbit(LEO)satellite.Firstly,the contribution assesses the performance of the receiver through an analysis of data integrity,numbers of all tracked and valid measurements as well as multipath errors.The receiver generally shows good performance and quality despite a few flaws.For example,L2 observations are often missing in low elevations,particularly during the ascent of GPS satellites,and the multipath errors of P1 show a slightly abnormal pattern.Secondly,the PCO(Phase Center Offset)and PCV(Phase Center Variation)of the antenna of the GPS receiver are determined in this contribution.A significant leap for Z-component of PCO up to-1.2 cm has been found on 10 October 2011.Thirdly,the obtained PCO and PCV maps are used for GPS only POD solutions.The post-fit residuals of ionosphere-free phase combinations reduce almost 50%,and the radial orbit differences with respect to CNES(Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales)Precise Orbit Ephemeris(POEs)improve about 13.9%.The orbits are validated using the SLR data,and the RMS of SLR Observed minus Computed(O-C)residuals reduces from 17.5 to 15.9 mm.These improvements are with respect to the orbits determined without PCO and PCV.Fourthly,six types of solutions are determined for HY2A satellite using different combinations of GPS,DORIS,and SLR data.Statistics of SLR O-C residuals and cross-comparison of orbits obtained in the contribution and the CNES POEs indicate that the radial accuracy of these orbits is at the 1.0 cm level for HY2A orbit solutions,which is much better than the scientific requirements of this mission.It is noticed that the GPS observations dominate the achievable accuracy of POD,and the combination of multiple types of observations can reduce orbit errors caused by data gaps and maintain more stable and continuous orbits.