The projection pursuit model is used to study the assessment of air pollution caused by vehicle emissions at intersections. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and regularities of vehicle emissions at interse...The projection pursuit model is used to study the assessment of air pollution caused by vehicle emissions at intersections. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and regularities of vehicle emissions at intersections, a vehicle emission model based on projection pursuit is established, and the bat algorithm is used to solve the optimization function. The research results show that the projection pursuit model can not only measure the air pollution of vehicle emissions at intersections, but also effectively evaluate the level of vehicle exhaust emissions at intersections. Taking the air pollution caused by vehicle emissions at intersections as the research object and considering the influence factors of vehicle emissions on air pollution comprehensively, the evaluation index system of vehicle emissions at intersections on air pollution is constructed. Based on large data analysis, a prediction model of air pollution caused by vehicle emissions at intersections is constructed, and an improved bat algorithm is used to realize the assessment process. The application results show that the prediction model of vehicle emissions at intersections can define the degree of air pollution caused by vehicle emissions, and it has good guiding significance and practical value for solving the problem of air pollution caused by vehicle emissions.展开更多
The largest urban areas of Mexico cities have witnessed high levels of air pollution in the past few decades. The most important air pollutants are ozone and paniculate matter with levels that are still far above curr...The largest urban areas of Mexico cities have witnessed high levels of air pollution in the past few decades. The most important air pollutants are ozone and paniculate matter with levels that are still far above current air quality standard. In this work we studied exhaust and evaporative emissions of Mexico City metropolitan area （MAMC） vehicles using fuels in which sulfur content was varied from 89×10^-6 to 817×10^-6, and calculated the ozone forming potential of emissions as well as the specific reactivity of the exhaust for each average fleet-fuel combinations. Data on emission levels were compared to those obtained in 2000 for the same vintage of vehicles. The almost twofold increase in emissions found could be due to degradation of the exhaust emissions control systems.展开更多
Vehicle emissions are one of the major sources of urban air pollution and are also called mobile source emissions. A large amount of gross vehicle emissions is generated by vehicles commuting between residential homes...Vehicle emissions are one of the major sources of urban air pollution and are also called mobile source emissions. A large amount of gross vehicle emissions is generated by vehicles commuting between residential homes and the workplace. Homebuyers generally prefer to purchase residential houses that are relatively less expensive, albeit at the cost of relatively longer commuting times. Consumers usually consider additional travel time, fuel consumption, and other personally concerned factors, with less apprehension about the extra air pollution possibly generated. In cities with populations between 15,000 and 1,000,000, an increase of one additional minute of average commuting time is associated with a reduction of 1.9 dollars in housing price per square foot （p-value： 0.038）. To account for the generation of additional air pollution, this paper numerically characterizes factors related to air pollutants caused by additional travel time due to housing prices. Air pollutants such as CO, CO2, NO2, NO, NOx and SO2 as well as fuel consumption were estimated by MOVES （motor vehicle emissions simulator）. The results will be a useful reference to generate recommendations for more efficient reduction of mobile source air pollution in metropolitan areas through joint efforts by government, agencies, the public, and industry from multiple fields including environment protection, land use, housing markets, transportation management, and law enforcement.展开更多
As environmental pollution increases, measures taken cannot follow increasing issues causing environmental pollution. Thus, important items required for human life such as air, water, and soil are polluted rapidly and...As environmental pollution increases, measures taken cannot follow increasing issues causing environmental pollution. Thus, important items required for human life such as air, water, and soil are polluted rapidly and threatened human health. Humanity produce and consume various goods and services in order to meet current requirements as well as pollute the environment required for maintaining life and source for these activities. Environmental taxes are adopted as one of the precautions for avoiding pollution of necessary components to sustain human life. This study aims to determine the sensitivities of 597 tax payers to environmental taxes, who contribute to environmental direct or indirect regulations with income, motor vehicle, special consumption, and sanitation taxes. The findings of the questionnaire suggest that corresponding taxpayers in Erzurum are sensitive to environmental taxes and that they tend to adopt any environmental tax being performed while this tax is intended to protect the environment.展开更多
1 Introduction As environmental pollution continues to worsen,governments are increasing their efforts to develop green transport vehicles,such as electric vehicles and hybrid cars.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51178157)High-Level Project of the Top Six Talents in Jiangsu Province(No.JXQC-021)+1 种基金Key Science and Technology Program in Henan Province(No.182102310004)the Humanities and Social Science Research Programs Foundation of the M inistry of Education of China(No.18YJAZH028)
文摘The projection pursuit model is used to study the assessment of air pollution caused by vehicle emissions at intersections. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and regularities of vehicle emissions at intersections, a vehicle emission model based on projection pursuit is established, and the bat algorithm is used to solve the optimization function. The research results show that the projection pursuit model can not only measure the air pollution of vehicle emissions at intersections, but also effectively evaluate the level of vehicle exhaust emissions at intersections. Taking the air pollution caused by vehicle emissions at intersections as the research object and considering the influence factors of vehicle emissions on air pollution comprehensively, the evaluation index system of vehicle emissions at intersections on air pollution is constructed. Based on large data analysis, a prediction model of air pollution caused by vehicle emissions at intersections is constructed, and an improved bat algorithm is used to realize the assessment process. The application results show that the prediction model of vehicle emissions at intersections can define the degree of air pollution caused by vehicle emissions, and it has good guiding significance and practical value for solving the problem of air pollution caused by vehicle emissions.
文摘The largest urban areas of Mexico cities have witnessed high levels of air pollution in the past few decades. The most important air pollutants are ozone and paniculate matter with levels that are still far above current air quality standard. In this work we studied exhaust and evaporative emissions of Mexico City metropolitan area （MAMC） vehicles using fuels in which sulfur content was varied from 89×10^-6 to 817×10^-6, and calculated the ozone forming potential of emissions as well as the specific reactivity of the exhaust for each average fleet-fuel combinations. Data on emission levels were compared to those obtained in 2000 for the same vintage of vehicles. The almost twofold increase in emissions found could be due to degradation of the exhaust emissions control systems.
基金The authors acknowledge that this research is supported in part by the United States Tier 1 University Transportation Center TranLIVE # DTRT12GUTC17/KLK900-SB-003, and the NSF （National Science Foundation） under grants #1137732 The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author（s） and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies.
文摘Vehicle emissions are one of the major sources of urban air pollution and are also called mobile source emissions. A large amount of gross vehicle emissions is generated by vehicles commuting between residential homes and the workplace. Homebuyers generally prefer to purchase residential houses that are relatively less expensive, albeit at the cost of relatively longer commuting times. Consumers usually consider additional travel time, fuel consumption, and other personally concerned factors, with less apprehension about the extra air pollution possibly generated. In cities with populations between 15,000 and 1,000,000, an increase of one additional minute of average commuting time is associated with a reduction of 1.9 dollars in housing price per square foot （p-value： 0.038）. To account for the generation of additional air pollution, this paper numerically characterizes factors related to air pollutants caused by additional travel time due to housing prices. Air pollutants such as CO, CO2, NO2, NO, NOx and SO2 as well as fuel consumption were estimated by MOVES （motor vehicle emissions simulator）. The results will be a useful reference to generate recommendations for more efficient reduction of mobile source air pollution in metropolitan areas through joint efforts by government, agencies, the public, and industry from multiple fields including environment protection, land use, housing markets, transportation management, and law enforcement.
文摘As environmental pollution increases, measures taken cannot follow increasing issues causing environmental pollution. Thus, important items required for human life such as air, water, and soil are polluted rapidly and threatened human health. Humanity produce and consume various goods and services in order to meet current requirements as well as pollute the environment required for maintaining life and source for these activities. Environmental taxes are adopted as one of the precautions for avoiding pollution of necessary components to sustain human life. This study aims to determine the sensitivities of 597 tax payers to environmental taxes, who contribute to environmental direct or indirect regulations with income, motor vehicle, special consumption, and sanitation taxes. The findings of the questionnaire suggest that corresponding taxpayers in Erzurum are sensitive to environmental taxes and that they tend to adopt any environmental tax being performed while this tax is intended to protect the environment.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(51502009,51532001,21675109)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2014CB31802)the Science Foundation of Henan province(162300410209)
文摘1 Introduction As environmental pollution continues to worsen,governments are increasing their efforts to develop green transport vehicles,such as electric vehicles and hybrid cars.
