Cu-Cr-Zr-Nb合金组织及耐磨性研究

借助Nb元素在Cu-Cr-Zr合金中的作用,通过真空感应熔炼结合两步轧制-时效工艺制备Cu-Cr-Zr-Nb合金,并对其组织及耐磨性进行了研究。结果表明:经过两步轧制-时效工艺的合金中存在着大量的位错、纳米析出相和纳米变形孪晶,使合金的强度显著提升。通过Nb元素合金化,在合金中引入了均匀分布的Cr_(2)Nb微米颗粒,同时在合金中存在微米和纳米尺度Cr颗粒,利用微米和纳米颗粒的协同强化使合金的性能提升。针对其耐磨性,铸态合金的摩擦系数在0.6以上,体积磨损量随实验载荷的增加而增加。经过轧制-时效工艺,由于合金强度和硬度的提升,其摩擦系数下降至0.6以下,体积磨损量稳定在0.2 mm^(3)以下,磨损机制主要以粘着磨损和疲劳磨损为主。

Microstructure and properties of rare earth-containing Cu-Cr-Zr alloy

Cu-0.81Cr-0.12Zr-0.05La-0.05Y(mass fraction) alloy was successively subjected to hot rolling, solid solution treatment, cold rolling and aging treatments. Its microstructure, microhardness and electrical conductivity at different states were systematically investigated. The as-cast microstructure consists of three phases: Cu matrix, Cr and Cu5 Zr. Zr is completely dissolved into the matrix while partial Cr remains after the solid solution treatment. Aging of the cold-rolled sample makes nanocrystals of Cr and Cu5 Zr precipitate from the matrix, and the microhardness and electrical conductivity rise. A combination of high microhardness(HV 186) and high conductivity(81% IACS) can be obtained by aging the sample at 773 K for 60 min. As the aging temperature increases, the orientation degree of the Cu crystals gradually decreases to zero, but the microstrain in them cannot be eliminated completely owing to the presence of precipitates and dislocations. The Cr precipitates exhibit the N-W orientation relationship with the matrix when the coherence strengthening mechanism plays a main role.

Cu-Cr-Co-Ti合金微观组织和高温性能研究

采用真空感应熔炼结合两步低温轧制-时效处理(CRA)工艺制备了Cu-Cr-Co-Ti合金,分析了峰时效样品的室温性能和高温性能。通过电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了Cu-Cr-Co-Ti样品的微观组织。结果表明:两步低温轧制-时效处理能够在铜基体中引入高密度的变形孪晶片层、位错和纳米析出相,有效提升了Cu-Cr-Co-Ti合金的室温强度和导电率。具有面心立方结构的纳米Cr析出相均匀弥散地分布在铜基体内,和基体具有立方-立方位向关系。Co和Ti元素能够聚集在纳米Cr析出相表面上,阻碍了析出相在时效处理和高温变形过程的粗化和长大现象。在经过300℃高温拉伸测试后,纳米Cr析出相仍稳定地阻碍了晶界运动,显著提升了Cu-Cr系合金的高温性能。经过500℃时效处理2 h后,峰时效CRA样品的室温抗拉强度为571 MPa、导电率为73.9%IACS(国际退火铜标准)。高密度孪晶片层具有优异的热稳定性,将铜合金在300℃和400℃下的高温强度分别提升至481 MPa和379 MPa。

Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of an Al-Cu-Li alloy subjected to rolling and aging

The mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-Cu-Li alloy sheets subjected to cryorolling(-100 ° C,-190 ℃) or hot rolling(400 ℃) and subsequent aging at 160 ℃ for different times were investigated. The dynamic precipitation and dislocation characterizations were examined via transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The grain morphologies and the fracture-surface morphologies were studied via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Samples subjected to cryorolling followed by aging exhibited relatively high dislocation densities and a large number of precipitates compared with hot-rolled samples. The samples cryorolled at-190 ℃ and then aged for 15 h presented the highest ultimate tensile strength(586 MPa), while the alloy processed via hot rolling followed by 10 h aging exhibited the highest uniform elongation rate(11.5%). The size of precipitates increased with the aging time, which has significant effects on the interaction mechanism between dislocations and precipitates. Bowing is the main interaction method between the deformation-induced dislocations and coarsened precipitates during tensile tests, leading to the decline of the mechanical properties of the alloy during overaging. These interesting findings can provide significant insights into the development of materials possessing both excellent strength and high ductility.

Effects of interrupted ageing and asymmetric rolling on microstructures, mechanical properties, and intergranular corrosion behavior of Al-Mg-Si-Zn alloy

Effects of interrupted ageing(T6I6) and asymmetric rolling on microstructures, mechanical properties, and intergranular corrosion(IGC) behaviors of Al-Mg-Si-Zn alloy were investigated. Results showed that the T6 alloy has the lowest strength and the worst IGC resistance, while the T6I6 alloy has higher strength and better IGC resistance.What’ s more, the alloy treated by pre-rolling deformation has higher strength and better IGC resistance;and the alloy treated by the pre-asymmetry rolling achieves the highest strength, the best IGC resistance and lower elongation. The mechanical properties depend on microstructures such as the grain size, texture, dislocation density and precipitation, the grain boundary misorientation and grain boundary microstructure are responsible for the IGC resistance.

Ultrahigh strength and improved electrical conductivity in an aging strengthened copper alloy processed by combination of equal channel angular pressing and thermomechanical treatment

In this paper,equal channel angular pressing and thermomechanical treatment was employed to improve the strength and electrical conductivity of an aging strengthened Cu-Ti-Cr-Mg alloy,and the microstructure and properties of the alloy were investigated in detail.The results showed that the samples deformed by the combination of cryogenic equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)and rolling had good comprehensive properties after aging at 400℃.The tensile strength of the peak-aged and over-aged samples was 1120 MPa and 940 MPa,with their corresponding electrical conductivity of 14.7%IACS and 22.1%IACS,respectively.ECAP and cryogenic rolling introduced high density dislocations,leading to the inhibition of the softening effects and refinement of the grains.After a long time aging at 400℃,the alloy exhibited ultra-high strength with obvious increasing electrical conductivity.The high strength was attributed to the synergistic effect of work hardening,grain refinement strengthening and precipitation strengthening.The precipitation of a large amount of Ti atoms from the matrix led to the high electrical conductivity of the over-aged sample.

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Al−3.6Cu−1Li alloy via cryorolling and aging

An Al−3.6Cu−1Li alloy was subjected to room temperature rolling and cryorolling to investigate their effects on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties.The microstructure and aging characteristics of the room temperature-rolled and the cryorolled alloys with 70%and 90%of thickness reductions were studied by microstructure analysis and mechanical tests.The samples subjected to cryorolling with 90%of thickness reduction have high strength and good toughness.This is mainly due to the inhibition of dynamic recovery and the accumulation of high-density dislocations in cryorolled samples.In addition,the artificial aging reveals that the temperature at which peak hardness is attained is inversely proportional to the deformation amount and directly proportional to the rolling temperature.Moreover,bright field images of cryorolled samples after aging indicate the existence of T1(Al2CuLi)precipitates.This suggests that the high stored strain energy enhances the aging kinetics of the alloy,which further promotes the nucleation of T1 phases.

Mechanism of cryorolling and aging treatment for enhancing corrosion properties of 2195 Al−Li alloy

The impact of cryorolling(CR)and room temperature rolling(RTR)followed by artificial aging on the corrosion characteristics of 2195 Al−Li alloy(AA2195)was studied.Transmission electron microscope,scanning electron microscope,optical microscope,intergranular corrosion experiment,and electrochemical experiment were used.Throughout different stages of aging treatment,the corrosion behavior of both CR and RTR samples exhibited a sequential progression of pitting corrosion,followed by intergranular corrosion,and then pitting corrosion again.The corrosion rates of both samples initially showed an increase,followed by a gradual stabilization over time.The size and density of T1 phase significantly influenced the corrosion performance of the alloy.During the peak aging and over-aging stages,the CR sample exhibited superior corrosion resistance to the RTR sample,attributed to its finer T1 phase.