轧平机放料架的改造设计

随着我们集团公司的不断发展壮大,客车的产量也在飞速增长,同时作为外蒙皮的铁皮消耗量也在同步地增长。冲压车间原有的轧平机放料架已越来越不适应生产的需要,为了能适应生产的需要,提高工效,减轻工人劳动强度,我们针对原有轧平机放料架进行改造设计。

粗轧平式减速箱5轴安装及改进

主要分析粗轧平式减速箱5轴安装、装配不畅的原因,并根据现场环境,通过实践提出解决方案,从而减少维修时间、降低劳动强度。

人为轧平帐款的做法应予纠正

最近我们到市属某企业审计时发现,该企业“应付帐款”和“内部往来”两科目总帐与明细帐余额不符,同时发现两帐在明细科目都专门设置了二个“待查户”帐户,其核算内容并无经济业务依据。追溯以前年度,发现类似帐户从1984年就开始挂帐。经调查,原来该企业长期以来都采用调整“待查户”余额的方法来结平往来帐项总帐与明细帐结帐差额,把“待查户”帐户作为掩饰会计技术差错和记帐错误的万应科目,人为造成帐帐相符的假象。这种人为轧平帐款的做法违反《中华人民共和国会计法》、《企业会计准则》以及会计制度的规定,应予以纠正。

浅析银企对账的问题及对策

银企对账是银行结算业务中的重要一环,是企业的一项必备"功课"。在岁末年初,银行和企业都需要核算账目、轧平账务,银企对账也是查清未达账项、错账、乱账,防范差错、风险的关键所在。银企对账需要开户银行和开户单位的高度重视。然而,在目前的银行结算业务实践中,银企对账却没有引起银企双方的足够重视,有些企业和银行银企对账并不积极,自以为自己是"铁账"、"铁款"、"铁电脑"。近年来出现的金融案件说明,银企之间长期未勾对账目,使一些银行、企业内部及外部的不法分子伪造票据、

刍议银企对帐

银行会计制度明确规定:凡开户单位必须定期、不定期同开户银行进行帐务核对。每年进行一次银企面对面对帐,其目的主要是为了防止银企帐务不符而引起的差错事故和经济案件的发生。 在实际工作中,银企对帐却存在着不少问题。 从银行方面讲,一些银行经办人不重视银企对帐,敷衍了事,只注重收回对帐单的份数。银企面对面对帐,也只是核对一个余额,不是仔细逐笔勾对。更有些银行经办人,为了应付工作完成任务,变银企对帐为银行单方对帐,只要求企业盖章,其他事宜由银行经办人一代了之。 从企业方面讲,个别企业经办人,平时不进行帐务登记,每遇银企对帐便按照银行帐面余额照抄;有些行处规定,季末11日内,必须将核对后的对帐回单退回银行,否则停止其帐务支付。为了办理业务,一些企业的经办人,勉强轧平帐务,填写对帐单,送交银行。 以上问题,究其原因,是因为有些银行、企业财务人员没有充分认识到银企对帐的重要性。 事实上,银企对帐是银行会计工作的一个重要组成部分,也是会计监督职能的具体体现。因此,这项工作异常重要。尤其在当前经济领域发案率居高不下的形势下,稍有不慎就会给犯罪分子留下可乘之机,给国家和人民造成不可估量的损失。那种认为银企对帐是例行手续进而认为是业务包袱的观点,是极端错误的。

新型在线全自动不锈钢氩弧焊管焊缝辊轧机的研制

介绍了一种在线全自动不锈钢氩弧焊管焊缝辊轧技术的研究成果。为使不锈钢焊管无凸起焊筋毛刺,在运用焊缝芯棒处理法(BM)设计的全套全自动不锈钢氩弧焊管焊缝辊轧设备基础上,研制了一种新型在线全自动不锈钢氩弧焊管焊缝辊轧机。该机主要由往返运动的辊轧滑架和管内支撑芯棒及液压站、电控箱组成,运动程序编写正确,电路、气路、液压、机械系统运行可靠,实现了往复运动部件由滑动变为滚动,且往复运动件无力矩作用。达到了节能耐用的目的。

Dynamic characteristics of cold rolling mill and strip based on flatness and thickness control in rolling process

The dynamic model of cold rolling mill based on strip flatness and thickness integrated control was proposed,containing the following sub-models:the rolling process model,the dynamic model of rolls along axial direction,and the compensation model.Based on the rule of volume flow rate,the dynamic rolling process model was built.The work roll and backup roll were taken as elastic continuous bodies,the effect of shear and moment of inertia were taken into consideration,and then the dynamic model of rolls was built.The two models were coupled together,and the dynamic model of rolling mill was built.In the dynamic model,the thermal expansion of the rolls,the wear of the rolls and other related parameters can not be considered.In order to compensate the dynamic model,the coupled static model of rolls and strip was applied.Then,according to the inner relationship of these models,the dynamic model and the compensation model were coupled,and the dynamic model of rolling mill based on the strip flatness and thickness integrated control was built.The dynamic simulation of the rolling process was made,and the dynamic thickness and the dynamic flatness information were obtained.This model not only provides a theory basis for the virtual rolling,but also provides a platform for the application of advanced control theory.

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti/Cu/Ti laminated composites produced by corrugated and flat rolling

Ti/Cu/Ti laminated composites were fabricated by corrugated rolling(CR) and flat rolling(FR) method.Microstructure and mechanical properties of CR and FR laminated composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, numerical simulation methods, peel and tensile examinations. The effect of CR and FR was comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the CR and FR laminated composites exhibited different effective plastic strain distributions of the Ti layer and Cu layer at the interface. The recrystallization texture, prismatic texture and pyramidal texture were developed in the Ti layer by CR, while the R-Goss texture and shear texture were developed in the Cu layer by CR. The typical deformation texture components were developed in the Ti layer and Cu layer of FR laminated composites. The CR laminated composites had higher bond strength, tensile strength and ductility.

Analysis and prediction of fishtail during V-H hot rolling process

The fishtail in head and tail of the slabs was studied during V-H hot rolling process. With the application of ANSYS/LS-DYNA, simulation analysis was used to research this process. The various factors which have a great influence on fishtail shapes were analysed, such as initial width, initial thickness, radius of the edger roll and horizontal roll, edging draught,horizontal reduction rate, and friction coefficient of the surface. Then the curves that can describe the shapes were obtained. After a certain time of self-learning, the optimized curves were given out. At last, through the fitting of the simulation test results, the math models for the area of fishtail defect changing with the presented factors were received. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the prediction for the fishtail shapes is more than 95%. With the application of the prediction for the fishtail shapes and the area of the fishtail defect, the loss rate of the slab is decreased by about 0.1%.

An upper bound analysis of rolling process of non-bonded sandwich sheets

Rolling process of symmetrical non-bonded sandwich sheets was investigated by the method of upper bound. A deformation model was proposed and the mathematical relations of the velocity components were developed. The internal, shear and frictional power terms were derived and used in the upper bound model. Through the analysis, the rolling force, mean contact pressure and final thickness of each layer were determined. The validity of the proposed analytical model was discussed by comparing the theoretical predictions with the experimental data found in the literatures. Effects of various rolling conditions such as the flow stress ratio, initial thickness ratio of the raw sheets and total thickness reduction upon the rolling torque were analyzed. The accuracy of the developed analytical model was very high.

High temperature tensile behaviors of extruded and rolled AZ31 Mg alloy

High temperature tensile ductilities and deformation mechanisms of an extruded and rolled AZ31 Mg alloy were investigated.Elongation-to-failure tests were conducted under constant T-head velocity and constant temperatures ranging from 300℃ to 450℃.Strain-rate-change tests were conducted under varying strain rate from 5×10-5s-1to 2×10-2s-1and constant temperature from 300℃ to 450℃.Experimental results show that the maximum elongation of the AZ31 alloy with an average grain size of about 19μm is 117%at strain rate of 10- 3s-1 and temperature of 450℃.Stress exponent and activation energy were characterized to clarify the deformation mechanisms.The enhanced ductility is dominated by solute drag dislocation creep,and the major failure mechanism is cavity growth and interlinkage.

Microstructural evolvement of wrought magnesium alloy sheet during heat treatment

Magnesium alloy is the lightest structural metal material. As its ductility is usually limited because of its hexagonal closest packing (hcp) structure, it is significant to improve its forming performance. The primary way to achieve this goal is by grain refinement. This study explores new ways of grain refinement for cold-rolled sheet of magnesium alloy AZ31B by probing into its structural evolvement in heat treatment. It is found that recrystallization mostly takes place in the cold-rolled sheet in heat-treatment, and refined and equiaxial recrystallization grains with an average diameter of (14 to 15) mm can be obtained by heat-treatment at 260 C for (60 to 90) min, which is an effective method to obtain refined symmetrical grains of magnesium alloy by heat treatment at a lower recrystallization temperature after cold-rolling.

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Cu-0.36Be-0.46Co alloy fabricated by heating-cooling combined mold horizontal continuous casting during cold rolling

Cu-0.36 wt.%Be-0.46 wt.%Co alloy plate with 300 mm in width and 10 mm in thickness prepared by heating-cooling combined mold(HCCM) horizontal continuous casting was cold rolled. Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the alloy as well as its deformation mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the as-cast alloy plate had columnar grains along the length direction, good surface quality and elongation of 35%, which was directly large-reduction cold rolled without surface treatment, and the accumulative cold rolling reduction reached 98%. When the reduction was small(20%), numerous dislocations and dislocation cells formed, and the deformation mechanism was dislocation slip. When the reduction was 40%, deformation twins appeared, and interactions between twins and dislocation cells induced strip-like dislocation cells. When the reduction exceeded 60%, shear bands formed and apparent crystal rotation in the micro-region happened. Further increasing the reduction, the amount of the shear bands rose and they interacted with each other, which refined the grains apparently. The tensile strength and hardness increased from 353 MPa and HV 119 of the as-cast alloy to 625 MPa and HV 208 with 95% reduction, respectively, and the elongation reduced from 35% to 7.6%. A process of HCCM horizontal continuous casting-cold rolling can work as a novel compact method to fabricate Cu-Be alloy sheet.

Microstructural evolution of rolled Mg-5Zn-3Nd(-Zr) alloy

A mini-type rolling machine was employed for multi-passes rolling of a Mg-5Zn-3Nd(-Zr)(mass fraction,%)wrought alloy.For the sake of providing experimental basis for magnesium alloy rolling process,optical microscopy,SEM and TEM observations were used to study the microstructure evolution of magnesium alloys subjected to different rolling reductions before and after annealing.Investigations show that multi-passes can be achieved for this alloy at ambient temperature,but 330℃,15 min annealing was needed for next pass rolling,and total deformation degree was 66%.With the increase in total deformation degree, rolling streams form and the average grain size decreases gradually.The microstructure after rolling is mainly composed of twining, and multiple twining in parallel distribution is also observed.The average grain size in the as-cast condition is about 50μm and decreases to about 10-20μm after rolling,whereas the twinning spacing is limited to 1-2μm.SAED analysis in the twinning area indicates that twinning takes place at{10 1 1}plane.Complete recrystallization can occur in Mg-5Zn-3Nd(-Zr)alloys with various rolling reductions and after 200℃,120 min or 300℃,10 min annealing.Meanwhile,grain growth is apparent under heat treatment at 300℃.

套利和掉期交易中的若干基本原则

“轧平套利交易”这一专门的外汇业务术语,译自英语的Covered Interest Arbitrage一词;还有人将它译成“套利”,与英语的Interest Arbitrage相等同。这些译文往往都难以表明它的内涵。其实,它既包括“套利”,又包括了“套汇”。在实际业务中,西方的商业银行也常常将套利(Interest Arbitrage)与时间套汇,即掉期(time Arbitrage即Swap Operation)结合在一起,也就是利用两种货币之间可获之纯利差和它们之间相互对照之升水或贴水而进行的交易。其过程清楚地表明了两种货币之间的利率差与现货。

如何避免外汇风险

外汇问题已变得至关重要了。外汇管理对某些企业的盈亏影响很大。本文阐述的是“现代的”避免外汇风险战略的各个要点,即计算企业各种外币的头寸、研究现行的避免外汇风险的方法和选择一种合适的避免外汇风险的战略。

青春难悔

一 刘云峰是父母的独苗。他的父母都是普普通通的职工。从小对他抱有较大的期望。凭心而论,他在中、小学时期,除了本份、老实以外,成绩并不出众。受母亲职业的影响,他初中毕业后考取了上海冶金工业学校财会班。或许随着年龄的增长,脑子开了窍。他学习刻苦,年年获得奖学金。1989年8月,他中专毕业,因学业成绩优良和实习期间表现不错,被上钢八厂留下井分配进财务科任资金管理员。他谦虚好学。

电脑“土专家”炼成记

说大白话、写明白字,浅显易懂、喜闻乐见,"土专家"指导业务操作接地气、鼓士气,他成了前台柜员电脑操作的百事通农行山东高密市支行营业部前台柜员张忠鑫,1994年入行,一直对电脑情有独钟,将银行基层业务与电脑科技巧妙对接。天长日久,术业有专攻,创新基层业务操作,解决了一个又一个前台运营操作小难题,被同事们誉为农行高密市支行前台的电脑"土专家"。