Tumor progression is a multi-step process that requires a sequential selection of specific malignant phenotypes. Met activation may induce different phenotypes depending on tumor stage: inducing proliferation and angi...Tumor progression is a multi-step process that requires a sequential selection of specific malignant phenotypes. Met activation may induce different phenotypes depending on tumor stage: inducing proliferation and angiogenesis in pri- mary tumors, stimulating motility to form micrometastases, and regaining the proliferation phenotype to form overt metastases. To study how HGF/SF-induced proliferative phenotypes switch to the invasive phenotype is important for understanding the mechanism of tumor progression and will provide an attractive target for cancer intervention and therapy.展开更多
Neural information processing is tightly coupled to both energy consumption and derivation from substrates.In this study,the energy function of the neuron during the action potential(AP)is described and analyzed.It ha...Neural information processing is tightly coupled to both energy consumption and derivation from substrates.In this study,the energy function of the neuron during the action potential(AP)is described and analyzed.It has been observed that energy consumption during the AP does not match predictions of the conventional theory of neural energy dynamics.On short time scales,neural energy expenditure shifts between positive and negative phases.During the AP,the energy source switches from neuronal stores(positive expenditure or net consumption)to exploitation of external substrates,specifically the glucose and oxygen carried in cerebral blood(the negative consumption phase).Based on the idea of reductionism,this paper demonstrates how ion channels,membrane pumps and transporters,ionotropic and metabotropic receptor signaling pathways,astrocyte glycolysis and the production lactate,and the glutamate-glutamine cycle all serve to relate cerebral blood flow and neuronal metabolism to neuronal activity and so maintain neuronal energy charge during the AP.展开更多
文摘Tumor progression is a multi-step process that requires a sequential selection of specific malignant phenotypes. Met activation may induce different phenotypes depending on tumor stage: inducing proliferation and angiogenesis in pri- mary tumors, stimulating motility to form micrometastases, and regaining the proliferation phenotype to form overt metastases. To study how HGF/SF-induced proliferative phenotypes switch to the invasive phenotype is important for understanding the mechanism of tumor progression and will provide an attractive target for cancer intervention and therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.1123200511002055)the Ministry of Education Doctoral Foundation(Grant No.20120074110020)
文摘Neural information processing is tightly coupled to both energy consumption and derivation from substrates.In this study,the energy function of the neuron during the action potential(AP)is described and analyzed.It has been observed that energy consumption during the AP does not match predictions of the conventional theory of neural energy dynamics.On short time scales,neural energy expenditure shifts between positive and negative phases.During the AP,the energy source switches from neuronal stores(positive expenditure or net consumption)to exploitation of external substrates,specifically the glucose and oxygen carried in cerebral blood(the negative consumption phase).Based on the idea of reductionism,this paper demonstrates how ion channels,membrane pumps and transporters,ionotropic and metabotropic receptor signaling pathways,astrocyte glycolysis and the production lactate,and the glutamate-glutamine cycle all serve to relate cerebral blood flow and neuronal metabolism to neuronal activity and so maintain neuronal energy charge during the AP.
