The leaves of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic poplar (Populus nigra L.) and CpTI (Cowpea trypsin inhibitor) transgenic poplar ((P. tomentosa×P. bolleana)×P. Tomentosa) were taken to feed the 4th-5th-i...The leaves of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic poplar (Populus nigra L.) and CpTI (Cowpea trypsin inhibitor) transgenic poplar ((P. tomentosa×P. bolleana)×P. Tomentosa) were taken to feed the 4th-5th-instar larvae of American white moth (Hyphantria cunea (Drury)) for determination of the activities of the protective enzyme system inside larvae’s body. The physiological and biochemical effects of the transgenic poplars on the larvae were studied. The results showed that the two kinds of transgenic poplars had similar effects on the protective enzyme system in the midgut of larvae. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in midgut of the larvae increased gradually, reached the highest value at a certain time, and then decreased suddenly. For the larvae that were fed with the leaves of Bt transgenic poplar, the peak value of superoxide dismutase and catalase presented at the time of 24-h feeding, while the peak of peroxidase took place at the time of 12-h feeding. The activities of these protective enzymes for the larvae that were fed with leaves of CpTI transgenic poplar peaked 12 h later than that of those fed with leaves of Bt transgenic poplar. The comparison of activities of the protective enzymes was also carried out between the larvae with different levels of intoxication. It was found that the activities of protective enzyme of the seriously intoxicant larvae were higher than that of the lightly intoxicant larvae. This difference was more obvious in the group treated with CpTI transgenic poplar.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to improve the purification and protective potency of HP-PRRS inactivated vaccine. [Method] HP-PRRS virus that had been multiplied inside Marc-145 cells was collected and concentr...[Objective] The aim of this study was to improve the purification and protective potency of HP-PRRS inactivated vaccine. [Method] HP-PRRS virus that had been multiplied inside Marc-145 cells was collected and concentrated 50 times and then inactivated. Complete virions were separated and collected by chromatography with Sepharose 4 Fast Flow. Oil adjuvant was added to prepare purified inactivated vaccine. [Result] Viral protein was separated from other proteins by purification and the viral protein contents ranged from 76.7% to 82.4%, and 96% of the expected serum proteins were removed. Protective potency of purified vaccine was above 4/5 and positive conversion rate of antibody was over 86%, both higher than that of unpurified vaccine. The differences were significant. [Conclusion] The experiment il-lustrated that the immune efficacy of vaccine can be enhanced through concentrat- ing and purifying, while the non-viral protein can be removed, so that allergic reaction and stress response cadsed by vaccine inoculation can be avoided.展开更多
AIM: To analyze whether the presence of anti-HBs in liver transplant recipients is effective in preventing HBV infection. METHODS: Twenty-three patients receiving anti-HBc positive liver were studied. Nine recipient...AIM: To analyze whether the presence of anti-HBs in liver transplant recipients is effective in preventing HBV infection. METHODS: Twenty-three patients receiving anti-HBc positive liver were studied. Nine recipients were anti-HBc positive as a result of previous HBV infection. Of them, one also received HBV vaccine during the pre-liver transplantation period. Fourteen recipients were anti-HBs positive due to HBV vaccine administered during the pretransplant period. Liver biopsy was obtained in 10/14 anti-HBc negative/anti-HBs positive recipients and in 4/9 anti-HBc positive recipients. RESULTS: After a mean foUow-up period of 46 months, 1 recipient with protective serum anti-HBs levels developed de novo HBV infection as a consequence of immune escape HBV mutants. Among the 14 vaccinated anti-HBc negative/anti-HBs positive recipients, 1/10 patients with available liver biopsy (10%) had liver HBV-DNA at 13 mo post-liver transplantation without serum viral markers and did not develop de novo HBV infection.The vaccinated anti-HBc positive recipient without HBV vaccine response was HBV-DNA positive in serum and liver, viral DNA was continuously negative in the following tests, so a spontaneous seroconversion was diagnosed. CONCLUSION: The presence of anti-HBs as a result of HBV vaccine or past HBV infection seems to be effective at protecting patients receiving livers from anti-HBc positive donors. However, the emergence of immune escape HBV mutants, which can evade the anti-HBs protection, should be considered as a risk of HBV infection.展开更多
Magnesium phosphate conversion coating(MPCC)was fabricated on AZ31magnesium alloy for corrosion protection by immersion treatment in a simple MPCC solution containing Mg2+and3PO4?ions.The MPCC on AZ31Mg alloy showed m...Magnesium phosphate conversion coating(MPCC)was fabricated on AZ31magnesium alloy for corrosion protection by immersion treatment in a simple MPCC solution containing Mg2+and3PO4?ions.The MPCC on AZ31Mg alloy showed micro-cracks structure and a uniform thickness with the thickness of about2.5μm after20min of phosphating treatment.The composition analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the coating consisted of magnesium phosphate and magnesium hydroxide/oxide compounds.The MPCC showed a significant protective effect on AZ31Mg alloy.The corrosion current of MPCC was reduced to about3%of that of the uncoated surface and the time for the deterioration process during immersion in0.5mol/L NaCl solution improved from about10min to about24h.展开更多
Objective:Transformative learning is a learner-centered process of learning.Learners are actively engaged through critical reflection and discourse to question assumptions and expectations.The purpose of this article ...Objective:Transformative learning is a learner-centered process of learning.Learners are actively engaged through critical reflection and discourse to question assumptions and expectations.The purpose of this article is to describe a model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education.Methods:A qualitative,exploratory,descriptive and contextual design for theory generation was selected in this study to describe a model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education.Concept analysis of transformative learning was done in the first stage of the main study using Walker and Avant's eight step approach to clarify the conceptual identification and meaning.The results of concept analysis guided data collection in the second stage.Eleven individual agenda semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurse educators to explore and describe their perceptions regarding how transformative learning can be facilitated in nursing education.Matrix building approach was used to analyse the collected data.The third stage constituted the conceptualisation of findings from the second stage using relevant literature within the elements of practice theory.The fourth stage focused on the description and evaluation of a model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education.Findings:Four themes and nine sub-themes emerged and were conceptualised within the six elements of practice theory namely the context,agent,recipient,dynamic,process and procedure and outcome.Conclusion:The relation statements provided the basis for model description.Reliable method was used to describe and evaluate the model.The refinement of the model by experts in model development andqualitative research was made.展开更多
The cerium conversion film was applied to improving the corrosion resistance of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy. The film was electrodeposited on the surface of the Mg-RE alloy in cerium nitrate solution. The compositions ...The cerium conversion film was applied to improving the corrosion resistance of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy. The film was electrodeposited on the surface of the Mg-RE alloy in cerium nitrate solution. The compositions and morphologies were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning election microscopy (SEM). The corrosion behaviors of the film were investigated electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization tests and immersion tests. The results show that the optimum parameters for electrochemical deposition are as follows: pH 10.0, time 30 min, 50 mmol/L Na2CO3 and temperature 25 ℃ by the designed experiments according to the orthogonal table L(9, 34). The corrosion protection efficiency is dependent on the deposition parameters. The cerium conversion film shows better corrosion protection behavior than chromate conversion film on Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy.展开更多
The removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas plays an important role in rational utilization of resources and environ- mental protection. In this paper, the process of hydrogen sulfide removal by wet oxidation method in a...The removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas plays an important role in rational utilization of resources and environ- mental protection. In this paper, the process of hydrogen sulfide removal by wet oxidation method in a rotating packed bed was investigated in a scale for treating 10 000 Nm3/h of gas. On the basis of studying the influence of the species and con- centration of alkali source, the liquid/gas volume ratio, the high gravity factor, and the hydrogen sulfide content in feed gas on the desulfurization effect, the suitable technological conditions were obtained. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency could reach 98.0% under these conditions. The results of continuous operation of process facilities showed that the high gravity method has many merits including higher desulfurization rate, good stability in operation, lower liquid/gas volume ratio, greater operation elasticity, and apparent energy saving effects.展开更多
The FlaA gene from Vibrio harveyi marker, was cloned into the eukaryotic expression with a short nucleotide sequence encoding the Flag vector pcDNA3.1(+) (designated as pcFlaA). Ninety grouper (Epinephelus awoar...The FlaA gene from Vibrio harveyi marker, was cloned into the eukaryotic expression with a short nucleotide sequence encoding the Flag vector pcDNA3.1(+) (designated as pcFlaA). Ninety grouper (Epinephelus awoara) were separated into three equal size groups. An experimental group was immunized with pcFlaA, Control I group was immunized with the vector pcDNA3.1(+), and Control 1I group was immunized with PBS. The expression of pcFlaA mRNA and protein was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. We also evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of pcFlaA against V. harveyi by measuring the lymphocyte proliferation response and serum levels of specific antibody and conducting a bacterial challenge test. We successfully transfected the fish muscle with pcFlaA. The pcFlaA mRNA and protein was expressed in the muscle cells for up to one month following injection. The proliferation response of lymphocytes in fish immunized with pcFlaA was significantly higher than in control group II. Furthermore, the immunized fish generated specific antibody. The vaccination also resulted in significantly higher survival during the bacterial challenge test.展开更多
The necessity of the main cable anticorrosion for suspension bridge is described, and operating principles and composition of main cable dehumidification system are analyzed. An idea using the waste heat of high tempe...The necessity of the main cable anticorrosion for suspension bridge is described, and operating principles and composition of main cable dehumidification system are analyzed. An idea using the waste heat of high temperature outlet air of dehumidification system to heat up regeneration air of rotary-type dehumidifier is put forward in this paper. The concrete scheme is to install a heat exchanger on air-out pipeline of roots blower and air-in pipeline of regeneration electric heater of rotary dehumidifier. Air preheated by the heat exchanger enters regeneration electric heater of rotary-type dehumidifier. Energy conservation of main cable dehumidification system for the Yangtze River highway bridge is calculated, and the results show that energy conservation rate can reach 44 %.展开更多
Objective: To observe the efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in lung cancer patients with brain metas-tases and explore the nursing for those patients. Methods: From June 2002 to December 2006, 43 patients of...Objective: To observe the efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in lung cancer patients with brain metas-tases and explore the nursing for those patients. Methods: From June 2002 to December 2006, 43 patients of lung cancer with brain metastases were treated with SRT, 8 of them were treated with the association of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and 6 of them were treated with combination of chemotherapy. During the period of SRT, the patients were applied with active psychological nursing and diet nursing. We also tried to prevent patients from epicranium injury, and meanwhile, patients were asked to took active convalesce exercise. Results: All patients finished SRT without serious reaction and complication. Local control rate was 81.4%, nervous system symptoms relief rate was 76.7% and KPS score was raised significantly. Survival time ranged from 2 to 34 months, median survival time was 8.5 months, and 6-month, 1-and 2-year survival rates were 58.9%, 26.2%, and 6.0% respectively. Conclusion: SRT was one of the effective palliation treatments for the lung cancer patients with brain metastases, and with the assistance of effective nursing, which would prolong their survival time and improved quality of life.展开更多
文摘The leaves of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic poplar (Populus nigra L.) and CpTI (Cowpea trypsin inhibitor) transgenic poplar ((P. tomentosa×P. bolleana)×P. Tomentosa) were taken to feed the 4th-5th-instar larvae of American white moth (Hyphantria cunea (Drury)) for determination of the activities of the protective enzyme system inside larvae’s body. The physiological and biochemical effects of the transgenic poplars on the larvae were studied. The results showed that the two kinds of transgenic poplars had similar effects on the protective enzyme system in the midgut of larvae. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in midgut of the larvae increased gradually, reached the highest value at a certain time, and then decreased suddenly. For the larvae that were fed with the leaves of Bt transgenic poplar, the peak value of superoxide dismutase and catalase presented at the time of 24-h feeding, while the peak of peroxidase took place at the time of 12-h feeding. The activities of these protective enzymes for the larvae that were fed with leaves of CpTI transgenic poplar peaked 12 h later than that of those fed with leaves of Bt transgenic poplar. The comparison of activities of the protective enzymes was also carried out between the larvae with different levels of intoxication. It was found that the activities of protective enzyme of the seriously intoxicant larvae were higher than that of the lightly intoxicant larvae. This difference was more obvious in the group treated with CpTI transgenic poplar.
基金Supported by Science and Technical Development Plan of Jilin City(2013210029)Fund for Supporting Key Subjects in Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College(2013x023)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to improve the purification and protective potency of HP-PRRS inactivated vaccine. [Method] HP-PRRS virus that had been multiplied inside Marc-145 cells was collected and concentrated 50 times and then inactivated. Complete virions were separated and collected by chromatography with Sepharose 4 Fast Flow. Oil adjuvant was added to prepare purified inactivated vaccine. [Result] Viral protein was separated from other proteins by purification and the viral protein contents ranged from 76.7% to 82.4%, and 96% of the expected serum proteins were removed. Protective potency of purified vaccine was above 4/5 and positive conversion rate of antibody was over 86%, both higher than that of unpurified vaccine. The differences were significant. [Conclusion] The experiment il-lustrated that the immune efficacy of vaccine can be enhanced through concentrat- ing and purifying, while the non-viral protein can be removed, so that allergic reaction and stress response cadsed by vaccine inoculation can be avoided.
基金Supported by Fundación Manchega de Investigación y Docencia en Gastroenterología and partially by Red Nacional en Investigatión de Hepatología y Gastroenterología (RNIHG)Dr. Moraleda was supported by a grant from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Programa Ramón y Cajal)
文摘AIM: To analyze whether the presence of anti-HBs in liver transplant recipients is effective in preventing HBV infection. METHODS: Twenty-three patients receiving anti-HBc positive liver were studied. Nine recipients were anti-HBc positive as a result of previous HBV infection. Of them, one also received HBV vaccine during the pre-liver transplantation period. Fourteen recipients were anti-HBs positive due to HBV vaccine administered during the pretransplant period. Liver biopsy was obtained in 10/14 anti-HBc negative/anti-HBs positive recipients and in 4/9 anti-HBc positive recipients. RESULTS: After a mean foUow-up period of 46 months, 1 recipient with protective serum anti-HBs levels developed de novo HBV infection as a consequence of immune escape HBV mutants. Among the 14 vaccinated anti-HBc negative/anti-HBs positive recipients, 1/10 patients with available liver biopsy (10%) had liver HBV-DNA at 13 mo post-liver transplantation without serum viral markers and did not develop de novo HBV infection.The vaccinated anti-HBc positive recipient without HBV vaccine response was HBV-DNA positive in serum and liver, viral DNA was continuously negative in the following tests, so a spontaneous seroconversion was diagnosed. CONCLUSION: The presence of anti-HBs as a result of HBV vaccine or past HBV infection seems to be effective at protecting patients receiving livers from anti-HBc positive donors. However, the emergence of immune escape HBV mutants, which can evade the anti-HBs protection, should be considered as a risk of HBV infection.
基金supported by a research grant from Korea Institute of Materials Science (PNK4652)
文摘Magnesium phosphate conversion coating(MPCC)was fabricated on AZ31magnesium alloy for corrosion protection by immersion treatment in a simple MPCC solution containing Mg2+and3PO4?ions.The MPCC on AZ31Mg alloy showed micro-cracks structure and a uniform thickness with the thickness of about2.5μm after20min of phosphating treatment.The composition analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the coating consisted of magnesium phosphate and magnesium hydroxide/oxide compounds.The MPCC showed a significant protective effect on AZ31Mg alloy.The corrosion current of MPCC was reduced to about3%of that of the uncoated surface and the time for the deterioration process during immersion in0.5mol/L NaCl solution improved from about10min to about24h.
基金The research study was financially supported by the researcher and the partial funding of Supervisor bursaries as awarded by the University of Johannesburg
文摘Objective:Transformative learning is a learner-centered process of learning.Learners are actively engaged through critical reflection and discourse to question assumptions and expectations.The purpose of this article is to describe a model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education.Methods:A qualitative,exploratory,descriptive and contextual design for theory generation was selected in this study to describe a model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education.Concept analysis of transformative learning was done in the first stage of the main study using Walker and Avant's eight step approach to clarify the conceptual identification and meaning.The results of concept analysis guided data collection in the second stage.Eleven individual agenda semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurse educators to explore and describe their perceptions regarding how transformative learning can be facilitated in nursing education.Matrix building approach was used to analyse the collected data.The third stage constituted the conceptualisation of findings from the second stage using relevant literature within the elements of practice theory.The fourth stage focused on the description and evaluation of a model to facilitate transformative learning in nursing education.Findings:Four themes and nine sub-themes emerged and were conceptualised within the six elements of practice theory namely the context,agent,recipient,dynamic,process and procedure and outcome.Conclusion:The relation statements provided the basis for model description.Reliable method was used to describe and evaluate the model.The refinement of the model by experts in model development andqualitative research was made.
基金Project (5133001E) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China
文摘The cerium conversion film was applied to improving the corrosion resistance of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy. The film was electrodeposited on the surface of the Mg-RE alloy in cerium nitrate solution. The compositions and morphologies were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning election microscopy (SEM). The corrosion behaviors of the film were investigated electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization tests and immersion tests. The results show that the optimum parameters for electrochemical deposition are as follows: pH 10.0, time 30 min, 50 mmol/L Na2CO3 and temperature 25 ℃ by the designed experiments according to the orthogonal table L(9, 34). The corrosion protection efficiency is dependent on the deposition parameters. The cerium conversion film shows better corrosion protection behavior than chromate conversion film on Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy.
基金the Shanxi Provin-cial Youth Science and Technology Research Fund (No.2008021009-2) for the financial support to this project
文摘The removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas plays an important role in rational utilization of resources and environ- mental protection. In this paper, the process of hydrogen sulfide removal by wet oxidation method in a rotating packed bed was investigated in a scale for treating 10 000 Nm3/h of gas. On the basis of studying the influence of the species and con- centration of alkali source, the liquid/gas volume ratio, the high gravity factor, and the hydrogen sulfide content in feed gas on the desulfurization effect, the suitable technological conditions were obtained. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency could reach 98.0% under these conditions. The results of continuous operation of process facilities showed that the high gravity method has many merits including higher desulfurization rate, good stability in operation, lower liquid/gas volume ratio, greater operation elasticity, and apparent energy saving effects.
基金Supported by Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Foundation for Young Scientists (No.2006F3096)Scientific Research Foundation of Jimei University
文摘The FlaA gene from Vibrio harveyi marker, was cloned into the eukaryotic expression with a short nucleotide sequence encoding the Flag vector pcDNA3.1(+) (designated as pcFlaA). Ninety grouper (Epinephelus awoara) were separated into three equal size groups. An experimental group was immunized with pcFlaA, Control I group was immunized with the vector pcDNA3.1(+), and Control 1I group was immunized with PBS. The expression of pcFlaA mRNA and protein was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. We also evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of pcFlaA against V. harveyi by measuring the lymphocyte proliferation response and serum levels of specific antibody and conducting a bacterial challenge test. We successfully transfected the fish muscle with pcFlaA. The pcFlaA mRNA and protein was expressed in the muscle cells for up to one month following injection. The proliferation response of lymphocytes in fish immunized with pcFlaA was significantly higher than in control group II. Furthermore, the immunized fish generated specific antibody. The vaccination also resulted in significantly higher survival during the bacterial challenge test.
基金National Science and Technology Support Program of China ( No. 2009BAG15B01)Key Pro-grams for Science and Technology Development of Chinese Transportation Industry( No. 2008-353-332-170)
文摘The necessity of the main cable anticorrosion for suspension bridge is described, and operating principles and composition of main cable dehumidification system are analyzed. An idea using the waste heat of high temperature outlet air of dehumidification system to heat up regeneration air of rotary-type dehumidifier is put forward in this paper. The concrete scheme is to install a heat exchanger on air-out pipeline of roots blower and air-in pipeline of regeneration electric heater of rotary dehumidifier. Air preheated by the heat exchanger enters regeneration electric heater of rotary-type dehumidifier. Energy conservation of main cable dehumidification system for the Yangtze River highway bridge is calculated, and the results show that energy conservation rate can reach 44 %.
文摘Objective: To observe the efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in lung cancer patients with brain metas-tases and explore the nursing for those patients. Methods: From June 2002 to December 2006, 43 patients of lung cancer with brain metastases were treated with SRT, 8 of them were treated with the association of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and 6 of them were treated with combination of chemotherapy. During the period of SRT, the patients were applied with active psychological nursing and diet nursing. We also tried to prevent patients from epicranium injury, and meanwhile, patients were asked to took active convalesce exercise. Results: All patients finished SRT without serious reaction and complication. Local control rate was 81.4%, nervous system symptoms relief rate was 76.7% and KPS score was raised significantly. Survival time ranged from 2 to 34 months, median survival time was 8.5 months, and 6-month, 1-and 2-year survival rates were 58.9%, 26.2%, and 6.0% respectively. Conclusion: SRT was one of the effective palliation treatments for the lung cancer patients with brain metastases, and with the assistance of effective nursing, which would prolong their survival time and improved quality of life.