目的探讨腹膜透析患者腹透引出液中生物标志物的变化及其与腹膜小分子溶质转运速率(PSTR)的关系。方法选取2014年9月29日至2018年4月26日天津中医药大学第一附属医院腹透中心70名新置管腹膜透析患者。测量不同时间点腹透引出液中生物标...目的探讨腹膜透析患者腹透引出液中生物标志物的变化及其与腹膜小分子溶质转运速率(PSTR)的关系。方法选取2014年9月29日至2018年4月26日天津中医药大学第一附属医院腹透中心70名新置管腹膜透析患者。测量不同时间点腹透引出液中生物标志物纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的水平以及随访2年4 h透析液/血肌(D/P)肌酐值,并考察腹透引出液中生物标志物与4 h D/P肌酐的相关性。结果纵向研究显示PAI-1(P<0.001)和VEGF(P=0.04)随腹膜透析持续时间增加而增加。基线时的PSTR和随访2年时的PSTR均与基线时的PAI-1、MMP-2和VEGF水平显著相关。2年时的PSTR也与6个月时的MMP-2水平和基线时的PAI-1水平相关。结论在2年期间腹膜透析患者腹透引出液中的生物标志物PAI-1、MMP-2和VEGF与PSTR呈正相关。展开更多
Graphene is a one-atom-thick sheet of graphite comprising sp2-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in the hexagonal honeycomb lattices. By removing the honeycomb lattices and forming nanopores with specific geometry and s...Graphene is a one-atom-thick sheet of graphite comprising sp2-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in the hexagonal honeycomb lattices. By removing the honeycomb lattices and forming nanopores with specific geometry and size, nanoporous graphene has been demonstrated as a very high-efficiency separation membrane, due to the ultrafast molecular permeation rate for its one-atom thickness. This review focuses on the recent advances in nanoporous graphene membrane for the applications of gas separation and water purification, with a major emphasis on the molecular permeation mechanisms and the advanced fabrication methods of this state-of-the-art membrane. We highlight the advanced theoretical and experimental works and discuss the gas/water molecular transport mechanisms through the graphene nanopores accompanied with theoretical models. In addition, we summarize some representative membrane fabrication methods, covering the graphene transfer to porous substrates and the pore generation. We anticipate that this review can provide a platform for understanding the current challenges to make the conceptual membrane a reality and attracting more and more attentions from scientists and engineers.展开更多
All-optical analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) has been extensively researched to break through the inherently limited operating speed of electronic devices. In this paper, we use the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for ...All-optical analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) has been extensively researched to break through the inherently limited operating speed of electronic devices. In this paper, we use the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for time-stretch (TS) analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion system through generating low noise, linear chirp distribution and flat super-continuum (SC). Based on the radio frequency (RF) analog signal modulated to the linearly chirped super-continuum, the large-dispersion photonic crystal fiber is used for time-domain stretching.展开更多
文摘目的探讨腹膜透析患者腹透引出液中生物标志物的变化及其与腹膜小分子溶质转运速率(PSTR)的关系。方法选取2014年9月29日至2018年4月26日天津中医药大学第一附属医院腹透中心70名新置管腹膜透析患者。测量不同时间点腹透引出液中生物标志物纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的水平以及随访2年4 h透析液/血肌(D/P)肌酐值,并考察腹透引出液中生物标志物与4 h D/P肌酐的相关性。结果纵向研究显示PAI-1(P<0.001)和VEGF(P=0.04)随腹膜透析持续时间增加而增加。基线时的PSTR和随访2年时的PSTR均与基线时的PAI-1、MMP-2和VEGF水平显著相关。2年时的PSTR也与6个月时的MMP-2水平和基线时的PAI-1水平相关。结论在2年期间腹膜透析患者腹透引出液中的生物标志物PAI-1、MMP-2和VEGF与PSTR呈正相关。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51425603 and 51236007)
文摘Graphene is a one-atom-thick sheet of graphite comprising sp2-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in the hexagonal honeycomb lattices. By removing the honeycomb lattices and forming nanopores with specific geometry and size, nanoporous graphene has been demonstrated as a very high-efficiency separation membrane, due to the ultrafast molecular permeation rate for its one-atom thickness. This review focuses on the recent advances in nanoporous graphene membrane for the applications of gas separation and water purification, with a major emphasis on the molecular permeation mechanisms and the advanced fabrication methods of this state-of-the-art membrane. We highlight the advanced theoretical and experimental works and discuss the gas/water molecular transport mechanisms through the graphene nanopores accompanied with theoretical models. In addition, we summarize some representative membrane fabrication methods, covering the graphene transfer to porous substrates and the pore generation. We anticipate that this review can provide a platform for understanding the current challenges to make the conceptual membrane a reality and attracting more and more attentions from scientists and engineers.
基金supported by the Doctoral Program of Higher Education Research Fund (No.1101.01.001.672)
文摘All-optical analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) has been extensively researched to break through the inherently limited operating speed of electronic devices. In this paper, we use the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for time-stretch (TS) analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion system through generating low noise, linear chirp distribution and flat super-continuum (SC). Based on the radio frequency (RF) analog signal modulated to the linearly chirped super-continuum, the large-dispersion photonic crystal fiber is used for time-domain stretching.
