中国疆域轮廓图板图的勾绘技巧

中国疆域轮廓图板图的勾绘技巧孙军，左伟地理课堂用板图方法教学，以其简明、灵活、直观、实用的特点而深受师生喜爱。但要快速准确地绘好地理板图，对部分教师尤其是教学经验不足的青年教师，却是一件“心力有余而功力不足”的难事。中国疆域轮廓板图是初中地理教学中用...

Effect of bolt rib spacing on load transfer mechanism

Rock bolting has firmly used as the coal mine roof reinforcement in underground coal mine. The bolting effect of fully grouted rebar bolt is closely related to the bolt surface profile. This paper provides an experimental study to confirm that bolt rib internal length has great influence on bolting effect. Pull-out tests were conducted using rebar bolt with different rib spacings of 12, 24, 36 and 48 mm representatively from steel tube and from concrete. Results show that peak load increases 25.3% for bolt with large rib spacing. For pull out using concrete block, the increment of peak load between large and small rib spacing is not significant, but the bolt with large rib spacing has great absorption of deformational energy than small rib spacing bolt. This study provides experimental evidence towards optimum design of rock bolt for understand coal mining industry.

低锡量镀锡板点锈原因分析和预防

针对低锡量镀锡板点锈问题,测试了锡层孔隙率、锡层在基板上的截面分布、基板表面轮廓形貌以及Tafel曲线,从电化学腐蚀角度分析了点锈的原因。结果表明:点锈产生的原因与镀锡板表面漏铁有关,Fe的溢出与锡层产生电势差,为原电池的形成创造了条件。助熔剂对镀锡板的腐蚀性和溜平作用使锡层聚集在基板表面的凹坑处,加剧了镀锡板表面漏铁的概率。基板的表面轮廓越复杂,凸点数越多,越易导致锡层分布越不均匀,镀锡板耐蚀性越差。为此,对助熔剂进行了管控,高锡量镀锡板仍用助熔剂助熔,低锡量镀锡板改为水助熔,且当助熔剂槽切换为水助熔的时候,需要确保槽内无助熔剂残留。对平整工艺段的基板表面轮廓进行管控,通过改变工作辊的毛化参数,降低连退基板的凸点数,同时限定凸点数低于80个/8 mm的基板可用于低锡量镀锡板的生产,如凸点数高于80个/8 mm,则用于高锡量镀锡板的生产实践。