双金属板软化界面的止裂与分层机理

采用带软化界面层的双金属层状板，分析了裂纹垂直于界面扩展过程中的力学行为。带单边裂纹的钢/铝层板的实验表明，裂尖到达界面时裂纹扩展速率降低；载荷增高后，易在界面上产生分层，利用有限元软件分析了裂纹前沿应力和应变的变化。计算结果表明，软铝界面层出现较大塑性应变，增加了裂纹扩展阻力，使裂纹扩展应力降低，而界面分层应力提高，导致了裂纹扩展速率降低和界面分层现象。

皮衣翻新中涂层的助软技术

略述了皮衣翻新与制革涂饰二者的关系，并从皮衣翻新实践操作中摸索出了软化浆层、光亮层并获得较好手感的一些经验，其中使用的新型材料和工艺也适用于制革厂涂饰。

抛光介质对固结磨料化学机械抛光水晶的影响

在固结磨料化学机械抛光中,工件表面与抛光介质易发生水解反应,产生软化层,而软化层厚度直接影响材料去除速率及表面质量。本文采用显微硬度计测量了不同介质条件下水晶表面的变质层厚度,并基于CP-4研磨抛光平台研究了不同抛光介质及温度对材料去除速率的影响,进而在线测量了抛光过程中声发射信号及抛光垫与工件之间摩擦系数的变化。结果表明:六偏磷酸钠的加入可促进水晶玻璃表层网络结构断裂,软化表层,软化层厚度随着浸泡时间、温度升高而增加,进而提高了水晶玻璃的去除率;而且随着温度升高,水解作用更加明显。实验显示,声发射信号及摩擦系数实时测量对抛光工艺参数的优化具有指导意义。

三乙醇胺在镁铝尖晶石固结磨料研磨中的作用

探索了三乙醇胺在镁铝尖晶石固结磨料研磨中的作用机理并进行了系列实验。首先,通过显微压痕实验测量了三乙醇胺和去离子水作用下镁铝尖晶石样品的硬度。然后,采用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了三乙醇胺的化学作用机理,研究了在三乙醇胺和去离子水作用下工件表面层化学组分随深度的变化,估算了其表面软化层的厚度。最后,通过研磨实验探索了去离子水和不同浓度的三乙醇胺对材料去除率和表面质量的影响。结果表明:三乙醇胺研磨液对工件的化学作用降低了其表面层的显微硬度,形成了软化层;三乙醇胺和去离子水形成软化层的机制是其中的OH-和吸附的CO2与尖晶石基体发生了反应,而三乙醇胺形成的软化层厚度约为2nm,去离子水形成的软化层厚度小于0.65nm;采用三乙醇胺研磨液的材料去除率高于采用去离子水,但表面质量较采用去离子水的差。实验证明,三乙醇胺对工件的化学作用可以显著地提高材料去除效率。

低应力铸铁机械性能与机加工性能改善机理的探讨

基于低应力铸铁结晶过程中析出的二氧化硅作为初生奥氏体异质晶核的分析与计算的基础上,对低应力铸铁性能改善,特别是表面软化层的形成作了探讨。

电火花诱导可控烧蚀磨削温度场仿真及试验研究

应用有限元分析软件对电火花诱导可控烧蚀磨削温度场进行模拟仿真,将烧蚀磨削温度场分为火花放电和烧蚀加工两部分的叠加。建立数学模型及边界条件,首先对火花放电温度场进行仿真,得到其温度场分布,而后在放电温度场结果基础上进行烧蚀加工的温度场仿真,得到整体烧蚀温度场分布情况。对钛合金TC4进行软化层厚度测试的工艺试验,结果表明:烧蚀软化层厚度的仿真结果(74μm)与试验结果(68μm)基本一致,说明有限元仿真对一定参数条件下的电火花诱导可控烧蚀磨削工艺效果的预测是可行的。

固结磨料研磨镁铝尖晶石的材料去除机理

研磨过程中机械去除作用与化学去除作用的有效分离是实现研磨过程可控调节及提高加工表面质量的前提。本文通过尖晶石在不同介质中的材料去除速率,对其在不同研磨液中化学与机械作用的材料去除率进行了分离和计算;采用微/纳压痕仪测量了不同研磨液作用下工件表面的显微硬度,依此分析了其软化层厚度。结果表明:研磨液对镁铝尖晶石工件具有一定的化学去除作用,研磨过程中材料去除以机械作用下的脆性去除为主;研磨液的化学作用主要体现在工件表面形成了一层软化层,其中乙二醇产生的软化层最厚,三乙醇胺最薄。

INTERFACIAL BONDING IN AS DEPOSITED AND ANNEALED Co/C SOFT X RAY MULTILAYER MIRRORS

Interfacial bonding in as deposited and annealed Co/C soft X ray multilayer structures is investigated by X ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS).It is found that there is interdiffusion between cobalt and carbon in the as deposited Co/C multilayers,and this is confirmed by structure characterization using low angle X ray diffraction (LAXD).The calculation of the chemical shifts in Co C system based on Miedemas macroscopic atom model suggests that it is impossible to detect the chemical shift experimentally in the Co C compound,which is consistent with the XPS results.The presence of metallic carbide bonding is evidenced through the nature of the carbon bonding in survey taken at Co C and C Co interfaces of annealed samples.Our results also indicate that XPS is a direct method to probe the chemical bonding at the interfaces.

泡田时间对水稻免耕抛秧产量的影响

2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年在钟山两安进行抛秧前不同泡田天数对水稻免耕抛秧产量的影响试验。结果表明 ,抛秧前泡田天数对免耕田耕作层的软化程度、抛秧后立苗、分蘖消长、生育进度、产量构成因素都有一定的影响。在一定的范围内 (本试验为 8d)随着泡田天数的增加 ,产量也随着增加。在季节允许的情况下 ,抛秧前泡田时间不少于 6 d为宜。

Vertical dynamic response characteristics of single pile in non-homogeneous soil layers

A computational method and a mechanical model for evaluating the vertical dynamic harmonic response characteristics of a single pile embedded in non-homogeneous soil layers and subjected to harmonic loadings were established based on a certain assumption and the improved dynamic model of beam-on-Winkler foundation by using the principle of soil dynamics and structure dynamics. Both non-homogeneity of soil strata and softening effect of soil layer around the pile during vibration were simultaneously taken into account in the proposed computational model. It is shown through the comparative study on a numerical example that the numerical results of dynamic response of the single pile computed by the proposed method are relatively rational and can well agree with the numerical results computed from the well-known software of finite element method. Finally the parametric studies were conducted for a varied range of main parameters to discuss the effects of relevant factors on dynamic responses of the single pile embedded in non-homogeneous layered soils excited by harmonic loading with different frequencies.

Plastic zone analysis and support optimization of shallow roadway with weakly cemented soft strata

Based on a shallow roadway with weakly cemented soft strata in western China, this paper studies the range and degree of plastic zones in soft strata roadways with weak cementation. Geological radars were used to monitor the loose range and level of surrounding rocks. A mechanical model of weakly cemented roadway was established, including granular material based on the measured results. The model was then used to determine the plastic zone radium. The predicted results agree well with measured results which provide valuable theoretical references for the analysis of surrounding rock stability and support reinforcing design of weakly cemented roadways. Finally, a combined supporting scheme of whole section bolting and grouting was proposed based on the original supporting scheme. It is proved that this support plan can effectively control the deformation and plastic zone expansion of the roadway surrounding rock and thus ensure the long-term stable and safe mining.

Calibrated dilatometer exercise to probe thermoplastic properties of coal in pressurized CO2

This research was aimed at testing a hypothesis, that at elevated CO2 pressure coal can soften at temperatures well below those obtained in the presence of other gases. That could have serious negative implications for injection of CO2 into deep coal seams. We have examined the experimental design issues and procedures used in the previously published studies, and experimentally investigated the physical behavior of a similar coal in the presence of COa as a function of pressure and temperature, using the same high-pressure micro-dilatometer refurbished and carefully calibrated for this purpose. No notable reduction in coal softening temperature was observed in this study.

Variation of cavity gas pressure in slopes with weak intercalation under seismic load

This study discussed how cavity gas pressure affects the stability of rock mass with fractures under well controlled laboratory experiments.Suddenly-created void space created and the induced gas pressures have been the focus of active researches because they are associated with fast movement of large-scale landslides.A shaking table experiment was set up to mimic weak-intercalated rock slope under seismic loads.Excessive cavity gas pressure would be produced in weak spots upon a sudden vibration load.The drastically elevated gas pressure is believed to be responsible for the creation of cavities surrounding the tension fracture.With dissipation of the excessive cavity gas pressure,the fractures are in unbounded closed-state.This observation explains that the slope body would be split and loosened under several aftershocks,and with the expanding of the cracks,the slope failure eventually occurred.The research of the mechanism of cavity gas pressure could provide a novel insight into the formation mechanism of landslides under seismic load and has implications for the disaster prevention and control theory for the slope stability evaluation.

脉冲激光辅助切削氧化铝陶瓷工艺参数选取的研究

激光辅助加热切削是解决陶瓷类硬脆材料难加工问题的有效方法。为研究工艺参数的选取对脉冲激光辅助切削陶瓷加工效果的影响,建立了脉冲激光加热辅助切削Al2O3陶瓷传热模型,求解不同参数组合下工件温度场分布。根据Al2O3陶瓷温度在1000K以上时的软化层尺寸选取理论上合适的切削用量;采用激光参数和切削用量开展切削试验,统计试验切除率,检测加工表面粗糙度和表面形貌,探讨试验切除率与加工表面粗糙度之间的关系,结果发现采用温度场模拟获取的工艺参数能够获得较高的加工质量和切除效率。研究表明通过模拟温度场分布从而选取切削工艺参数,能有效保证脉冲激光辅助加热切削陶瓷类硬质脆性材料的工艺要求。