鄂西北软弱变质岩水理力学性质及其滑坡致灾机理分析

十堰市地处中国鄂西北山区,区内地质环境背景复杂,主要地层岩性为变质岩。受地质环境的影响,区内变质岩岩性软弱,岩体结构较为破碎,风化强烈,与第四系松散岩地层一起构成了易滑地层,是滑坡灾害的高易发区。以十堰市软弱变质岩为研究对象,基于吸水性、耐崩解性、单轴压缩试验及直剪试验,分析变质岩水理力学性质及其滑坡致灾机理。结果表明,软弱变质岩吸水性较强且具有明显的各向异性特征和遇水软化特征,其单轴抗压强度随着法向应力方向与片理面之间夹角的增大呈现出两边高、中间低的“V”型变化规律,抗剪强度参数随着法向应力方向与片理面之间夹角的增大而增大,并且随着浸水时间的延长而逐渐减小;同时降雨诱发软弱变质岩滑坡的变形破坏,与岩土体强度、潜水、承压水作用息息相关,均遵循有效应力的原理。其研究成果可对十堰地区以及中国类似软弱变质岩地区的滑坡成灾机理认识及防灾减灾工作提供有益参考。

陕南公路软弱变质岩边坡变形破坏特征的研究

陕西省是软弱变质岩分布广泛的省份之一。近年来,随着工程建设数量的增多和规模的加大,软弱变质岩斜坡灾害频繁发生,造成的损失也逐年增加。本文通过对陕南316国道早阳-蜀河段的实地调查,归纳了该路段软弱变质岩边坡的变形破坏特征,总结出顺层滑动、弯曲-倾倒、楔形体滑动、溃曲破坏以及滑移-拉裂5种典型的病害模式,并对每种变形破坏模式进行了具体的实例分析,从而为边坡成灾预警和选择经济有效的治理对策奠定基础。

黏土矿物对金盆水库软弱变质岩边坡失稳影响研究

针对西安市金盆水库软弱变质岩边坡的地质条件,在细致分析黏土矿物的主要特性及形成机制的基础上,从微观到宏观的不同尺度,系统研究了黏土矿物对软弱变质岩边坡失稳的影响。结果表明,软弱变质岩成因复杂,矿物成分多样,水稳定性差,易于生成黏土矿物;而次生黏土矿物的形成将引起源矿物、矿物集合体及岩块特性的显著变化,诱发岩石向松散介质转化,并触发黏土矿物在宏观结构面中的聚集和泥化夹层的形成,导致结构面及岩体强度衰减,进而促进边坡变形破坏,对边坡演化及失稳的贡献显著。

Prediction Research of Deformation Modulus of Weak Rock Zone under In-situ Conditions

Weak rock zone (soft interlayer, fault zone and soft rock) is the highlight of large-scale geological engineering research. It is an important boundary for analysis of rock mass stability. Weak rock zone has been formed in a long geological period, and in this period, various rocks have undergone long-term consolidation of geostatic stress and tectonic stress; therefore, under in-situ conditions, their density and modulus of deformation are relatively high. Due to its fragmentary nature, once being exposed to the earth's surface, the structure of weak rock zone will soon be loosened, its density will be reduced, and its modulus of deformation will also be reduced significantly. Generally, weak rock zone can be found in large construction projects, especially in the dam foundation rocks of hydropower stations. These rocks cannot be eliminated completely by excavation. Furthermore, all tests nowadays are carried out after the exposure of weak rock zone, modulus of deformation under in-situ conditions cannot be revealed. In this paper, a test method explored by the authors has been introduced. This method is a whole multilayered medium deformation method. It is unnecessary to eliminate the relatively complete rocks covering on weak rock zone. A theoretical formula to obtain the modulus of deformation in various mediums has also been introduced. On-site comparative trials and indoor deformation modulus tests under equivalent density conditions have been carried out. We adopted several methods for the prediction researches of the deformation modulus of weak rock zone under in-situ conditions, and revealed a fact that under in-situ conditions, the deformation modulus of weak rock zone are several times higher than the test results obtained after the exposure. In a perspective of geological engineering, the research findings have fundamentally changed peoples' concepts on the deformation modulus of weak rock zone, provided important theories and methods for precise definition of deformation modulus of deep weak rock zone under cap rock conditions, as well as for reasonable engineering applications.

Variation of cavity gas pressure in slopes with weak intercalation under seismic load

This study discussed how cavity gas pressure affects the stability of rock mass with fractures under well controlled laboratory experiments.Suddenly-created void space created and the induced gas pressures have been the focus of active researches because they are associated with fast movement of large-scale landslides.A shaking table experiment was set up to mimic weak-intercalated rock slope under seismic loads.Excessive cavity gas pressure would be produced in weak spots upon a sudden vibration load.The drastically elevated gas pressure is believed to be responsible for the creation of cavities surrounding the tension fracture.With dissipation of the excessive cavity gas pressure,the fractures are in unbounded closed-state.This observation explains that the slope body would be split and loosened under several aftershocks,and with the expanding of the cracks,the slope failure eventually occurred.The research of the mechanism of cavity gas pressure could provide a novel insight into the formation mechanism of landslides under seismic load and has implications for the disaster prevention and control theory for the slope stability evaluation.