当代独生子性别角色的软性化现象及其对策

性别角色发展的双性化趋势已是必然，然而在儿童双性化人格塑造的过程中，由于一些因素的影响，出现了一些男女儿童的异性人格过度现象，其中男孩的女性人格过度现象称为软性化。这种现象严重影响着当代独生予的健康成长，对于适应日益复杂的社会环境产生了极为不利的影响．因此对于这类现象及其对策的研究相当紧迫。

当代独生子心理软性化现象的反思及应对策略

随着社会逐渐步入独生子女时代,儿童心理发展的双性化趋势成为必然。其中男孩的女性人格过度现象称为心理软性化。这种现象严重影响着当代独生子的健康成长,对于适应将来日益复杂的社会环境也极为不利。社会、学校、家庭应改进教育教养方式,促进儿童心理健康发展。

日本软性化经济研究中心

日本软性化经济研究中心于1984年10月正式获得财团法人资格。该研究中心是以不营利为目地的财团法人,专门研究日本经济与社会的发展趋势与变化,观察出它的新趋势。在短短的一年半之内,已拥有企业会员200多家和专任研究员32人,会员是以企业为单位,其中仅三个会员例外是个人。会员多数是以服务业为主的企业,其它是制造服务业用品、机器或设备的大厂家,如制造硬体或通讯、电讯设备的富士通、NEC、东芝等大企业,每个会员每年缴会费120万日元、二百个会员一年收入总额是2亿4千万日元。当选为理事、监事的会员除缴年费以外,还得派一名干部级职工在研究中心为专任研究员,但薪水照发。

知识经济下的工业设计模式探讨

由知识经济的内涵和特征 ,给出工业设计的

Heat Resisting Mechanism of Heat-Resisting Aluminum Alloy Conductor and Its Application in Transmission Line

In this paper the heat withstanding mechanism of heat-resisting aluminum alloy conductor is discussed, the types and performance of the conductor and its application on transmission lines are analyzed and introduced, and suggestions on accelerating exploitation and application of the conductor are put forward.

Dilation angle variations in plastic zone around tunnels in rocks-constant or variable dilation parameter

Dilation angle is a significant parameter needed for numerical simulation of tunnels.Even though dilation parameter is physically variable and dependent on confinement and experienced shear plastic strain based on the existing dilation models,numerical simulations of tunnels and underground openings with constant dilation parameter usually lead to satisfactory results in practical use.This study aims to find out why constant dilation angle is enough under practical conditions to simulate numerically tunnels and underground excavations in spite of the fact that dilation angle is variable in laboratory and experimental scale.With this aim,this work studies how mobilized dilation angle varies in a plastic zone surrounding a tunnel.For the circular tunnel under uniform in situ stress field,the stepwise finite difference approximation analytical solution considering strain softening rock mass behavior with mobilized dilation angle was used to study how mobilized dilation angle varies in plastic zone around tunnel under very different conditions.In practical conditions determined in this study,dilative behavior of all over the plastic zone around the tunnel can be approximated to constant dilation angle in the middle region of the plastic zone.Moreover,the plastic zone displacements for mobilized and constant dilation angle models are compared with each other.Further investigation under more general non-uniform in situ stress conditions and non-circular tunnels is performed by using the commercial finite difference software to numerically simulate the Mine-by experimental tunnel of AECL(Atomic Energy of Canada Limited)and the arched tunnel.Although the Mine-by and arched tunnels were numerically simulated based on the mobilized dilation angle model,the variability associated with dilation angle around the simulated Mine-by and arched tunnels is insignificant,and dilation angle is approximately constant in the plastic zone.

Progressive Modelling of the Gravity-induced Landslide Using the Local Dynamic Strength Reduction Method

The failure of slope is a progressive process, and the whole sliding surface is caused by the gradual softening of soil strength of the potential sliding surface. From this viewpoint, a local dynamic strength reduction method is proposed to capture the progressive failure of slope. This method can calculate the warning deformation of landslide in this study. Only strength parameters of the yielded zone of landslide will be reduced by using the method. Through continuous local reduction of the strength parameters of the yielded zone, the potential sliding surface developed gradually and evolved to breakthrough finally. The result shows that the proposed method can simulate the progressive failure of slope truly. The yielded zone and deformation of landslide obtained by the method are smaller than those of overall strength reduction method. The warning deformation of landslide can be obtained by using the local dynamic strength reduction method which is based on the softening characteristics of the sliding surface.

Stacking fault energy and electronic structure of molybdenum under solid solution softening/hardening

Ab initio calculations are used to understand the fundamental mechanism of the solid solution softening/hardening of the Mo-binary system.The results reveal that the Mo-Ti,Mo-Ta,Mo-Nb,and Mo-W interactions are primarily attractive with negative heats of formation,while the interactions of Mo-Re,and Mo-Zr would be mainly repulsive with positive heats of formation.It is also shown that the addition of Re and Zr would cause the solid solution softening of Mo by the decrease of the unstable stacking fault energy and the increase of ductility.On the contrary,the elements of W,Ta,Ti,and Nb could bring about the solid-solution hardening of Mo through the impediment of the slip of the dislocation and the decrease of ductility.Electronic structures indicate that the weaker/stronger chemical bonding due to the alloying elements should fundamentally induce the solid solution softening/hardening of Mo.The results are discussed and compared with available evidence in literatures,which could deepen the fundamental understanding of the solid solution softening/hardening of the binary metallic system.

Expansion of spherical cavity of strain-softening materials with different elastic moduli of tension and compression

An expansion theory of spherical cavities in strain-softening materials with different moduli of tension and com-pression was presented. For geomaterials,two controlling parameters were introduced to take into account the different moduli and strain-softening properties. By means of elastic theory with different moduli and stress-softening models,general solutions cal-culating Tresca and Mohr-Coulomb materials' stress and displacement fields of expansion of spherical cavity were derived. The effects caused by different elastic moduli in tensile and compression and strain-softening rates on stress and displacement fields and development of plastic zone of expansion of cavity were analyzed. The results show that the ultimate expansion pressure,stress and displacement fields and development of plastic zone vary with the different elastic moduli and strain-softening prop-erties. If classical elastic theory is adopted and strain-softening properties are neglected,rather large errors may be the result.

Softening response under undrained compression following anisotropic consolidation

Experimental evidence has indicated that clay exhibits strain-softening response under undrained compression following anisotropic consolidation.The purpose of this work was to propose a modeling method under critical state theory of soil mechanics.Based on experimental data on different types of clay,a simple double-surface model was developed considering explicitly the location of critical state by incorporating the density state into constitutive equations.The model was then used to simulate undrained triaxial compression tests performed on isotropically and anisotropically consolidated samples with different stress ratios.The predictions were compared with experimental results.All simulations demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of describing the drained and undrained compression behaviors following isotropic and anisotropic consolidations.

Influences of strain softening and seepage on elastic and plastic solutions of circular openings in nonlinear rock masses

Considering the influence of strain softening, the solutions of stress, displacement, plastic softening region radius and plastic residual region radius were derived for circular openings in nonlinear rock masses subjected to seepage. The radial stress distribution curve, ground reaction curve, and relation curve between plastic softening region radius and supporting force in three different conditions were drawn respectively. From the comparisons among these results for different conditions, it is found that when the supporting force is the same, the displacement of tunnel wall considering both seepage and strain softening is 85.71% greater than that only considering seepage. The increase values of radial displacement at 0.95 m and plastic softening region radius at 6.6 m show that the seepage and strain softening have the most unfavorable effects on circular opening stability in strain softening rock masses.

Direct active soldering of Al_(0.3)CrFe _(1.5)MnNi_(0.5) high entropy alloy to 6061-Al using Sn-Ag-Ti active solder

Al0.3CrFe1.5MnNi0.5 high entropy alloys(HEA)have special properties.The microstructures and shear strengths of HEA/HEA and HEA/6061-Al joints were determined after direct active soldering(DAS)in air with Sn3.5Ag4Ti active filler at 250°C for 60 s.The results showed that the diffusion of all alloying elements of the HEA alloy was sluggish in the joint area.The joint strengths of HEA/HEA and HEA/6061-Al samples,as analyzed by shear testing,were(14.20±1.63)and(15.70±1.35)MPa,respectively.Observation of the fracture section showed that the HEA/6061-Al soldered joints presented obvious semi-brittle fracture characteristics.

Reliability analysis of web server cluster systems based on proportional hazards model

An approach for web server cluster(WSC)reliability and degradation process analysis is proposed.The reliability process is modeled as a non-homogeneous Markov process(NHMH)composed of several non-homogeneous Poisson processes(NHPPs).The arrival rate of each NHPP corresponds to the system software failure rate which is expressed using Cox s proportional hazards model(PHM)in terms of the cumulative and instantaneous load of the software.The cumulative load refers to software cumulative execution time,and the instantaneous load denotes the rate that the users requests arrive at a server.The result of reliability analysis is a time-varying reliability and degradation process over the WSC lifetime.Finally,the evaluation experiment shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

On Reliability-optimized Controller Placement for Software-Defined Networks

By decoupling control plane and data plane,Software-Defined Networking(SDN) approach simplifies network management and speeds up network innovations.These benefits have led not only to prototypes,but also real SDN deployments.For wide-area SDN deployments,multiple controllers are often required,and the placement of these controllers becomes a particularly important task in the SDN context.This paper studies the problem of placing controllers in SDNs,so as to maximize the reliability of SDN control networks.We present a novel metric,called expected percentage of control path loss,to characterize the reliability of SDN control networks.We formulate the reliability-aware control placement problem,prove its NP-hardness,and examine several placement algorithms that can solve this problem.Through extensive simulations using real topologies,we show how the number of controllers and their placement influence the reliability of SDN control networks.Besides,we also found that,through strategic controller placement,the reliability of SDN control networks can be significantly improved without introducing unacceptable switch-to-controller latencies.

Calibrated dilatometer exercise to probe thermoplastic properties of coal in pressurized CO2

This research was aimed at testing a hypothesis, that at elevated CO2 pressure coal can soften at temperatures well below those obtained in the presence of other gases. That could have serious negative implications for injection of CO2 into deep coal seams. We have examined the experimental design issues and procedures used in the previously published studies, and experimentally investigated the physical behavior of a similar coal in the presence of COa as a function of pressure and temperature, using the same high-pressure micro-dilatometer refurbished and carefully calibrated for this purpose. No notable reduction in coal softening temperature was observed in this study.

A Global Investigation About Hard Core Attractive Yukawa Approximation and Adhesive Hard Sphere Approximation for Structure of Colloidal Dispersion Systems

The accuracy of hard core attractive Yukawa (HCAY) potential and adhesivehard sphere (AH) potential in representing the structure factor of short range square well potentialand Asakura and Oosawa (AO) depletion potential is examined by comparing theoretical predictionswith the existing simulation data and the present numerical results from the non-linear optimizedrandom phase approximation closure for Ornstein—Zernike equation. For the case of square-well (SW)potential, it is shown that the structure factor of HCAY potential based on a recently proposedsemi-analytical expression for the radial distribution function can describe the structure factor ofSW potential with reduced well width λ ≤ 2 only if the reduced contact potential βε_(sw) ≤0.25, while the analytical expression for the structure factor of AH potential under Percus-Yevick(PY) approximation completely fails for the case of λ 】 1.2. For the case of AO depletionpotential, the domain of validity of both HCAY potential and AH potential is complementary. With theabove analysis and considering the solid-liquid transition of the AH potential with an adhesiveparameter τ below 1.31 cannot be predicted by modified weighted density approximation, the roleplayed by the HCAY potential about the mapping manipulation should not be ignored.

Theoretical analysis of a new segmented anchoring style in weakly cemented soft surrounding rock

According to the tensile failure of rock bolt in weakly cemented soft rock, this paper presents a new segmented anchoring style in order to weaken the cumulative effect of anchoring force associated with the large deformation. Firstly, a segmented mechanical model was established in which free and anchoring section of rock bolt were respectively arranged in different deformation zones. Then, stress and displacement in elastic non-anchoring zone, elastic anchoring zone, elastic sticking zone, softening sticking zone and broken zone were derived respectively based on neural theory and tri-linear strain softening constitutive model of soft rock. Results show that the anchoring effect can be characterized by a supporting parameter b. With its increase, the peak value of tangential stress gradually moves to the roadway wall, and the radial stress significantly increases, which means the decrease of equivalent plastic zone and improvement of confining effect provided by anchorage body. When b increases to 0.72, the equivalent plastic zone disappears, and stresses tend to be the elastic solutions. In addition, the anchoring effect on the displacement of surrounding rock can be quantified by a normalization factor δ.