轴动式激光固化3D打印技术的研究与实践

3D打印技术出现在20世纪90年代中期。作为一种新兴的快速成型技术,该技术极大地推动了数字制造产业的发展,在模具制造、工业设计等领域被用于制造模型,后逐渐用于一些产品的直接制造。对目前3D打印的几大分类作了简单的梳理,并就普及程度较高的熔融沉积制造(FDM)技术和精度较高的光固化立体成型(SLA)技术进行了简单的介绍与重点比较。在此基础上提出了轴动技术和SLA技术整合的可能性探讨,即轴动式激光固化3D打印技术。讨论了以上两种技术整合所带来的新的交叉机型的优势及其目前的发展状况,并基于该原理进行了积极的实践,设计了一款原型机。该机型为轴动式激光固化3D打印技术提供了更好的普及平台。由于3D打印的特殊性及SLA技术高精度的特点,个性定制的优势将在新的交叉机型中得到更好发展。

基于主动式轴接地系统的舰船轴频电场抵消方法

为减小轴频电场信号,基于轴频电场产生的机理对主动式轴接地(active shaft grounding,ASG)系统的原理进行了分析,并自主研制了原理样机,完成了实验室的船模试验。试验验证结果表明:所研制的ASG系统能有效地抑制滑环和碳刷接触电阻变化所引起的轴频电场信号,抵消效果可达90%以上。

舰船轴频电场产生机理及控制技术

为了减小舰船轴频电场信号,在深入分析尾轴结构的基础上,建立轴频电场等效电路模型,明确碳刷和滑环接触电阻的波动是轴频电场产生的主要因素。在对主动式轴接地(Active Shaft Grounding,ASG)系统原理进行分析的基础上,研制了原理样机,并进行了实验室船模试验和海上实船试验。试验结果表明:所研制的ASG系统能有效抑制滑环和碳刷接触电阻变化所引起的轴频电场信号,抵消效果可达90%以上,且当轴地等效电阻在回路中的比例较大时,ASG系统开启后,将导致静电场信号增加。对ASG系统输出电流的影响因素进行分析,结果表明:ASG系统的最大输出电流与阴极保护状态密切相关,与航速关系不大。

新日钢同安川电机推出6轴多关节机器人

新日本钢铁公司与安川电机公司共同开发出大型电动式6轴多关节机器人系统，可用于切断铸件的冒口和直浇口，最大搬重量250kg。

Research on identifying the dynamic error model of strapdown gyro on 3-axis turntable

The dynamic errors of gyros are the important error sources of a strapdown inertial navigation system. In order to identify the dynamic error model coefficients accurately, the static error model coefficients which lay a foundation for compensating while identifying the dynamic error model are identified in the gravity acceleration fields by using angular position function of the three-axis turntable. The angular acceleration and angular velocity are excited on the input, output and spin axis of the gyros when the outer axis and the middle axis of a three-axis turntable are in the uniform angular velocity state simultaneously, while the inner axis of the turntable is in different static angular positions. 8 groups of data are sampled when the inner axis is in 8 different angular positions. These data are the function of the middle axis positions and the inner axis positions. For these data, harmonic analysis method is applied two times versus the middle axis positions and inner axis positions respectively so that the dynamic error model coefficients are finally identified through the least square method. In the meantime the optimal angular velocity of the outer axis and the middle axis are selected by computing the determination value of the information matrix.

2×135MW循环硫化床机组输煤系统加装筛分装置改造方案的实施及探讨

对2×135MW循环硫化床机组输煤系统加装筛分装置的方案及实施进行了详细的介绍,并对其存在的问题进行了分析,对现有正在运行的循环硫化床机组输煤系统增加筛分装置的效果进行了有益的探讨。

THE STATIC PERFORMANOE AND PARAMETER STUDY OF FLOATING-RING HYDRODYNAMIC THRUST BEARINGS

In this paper, floating--ring thrust bearings are investigated. A mathematical model is established to analyze the static performance of this kind of bearings, such as the load capacity, frictional power loss, temperature rise as well as the angular speed ratio between the floating ring and runner.Meanwhile, a parameter study is also conducted on the characteristics of floating-ring thrust bearings.Finally, the theoretical calculation results are verified by experiments.

The Tip Leakage Flow Structure of an Axial Fan with Tip Clearance

Experiment and numerical simulation technique are used to investigate the tip leakage flow in an axial fan with tip clearance at the design condition. The flow field in the tip region of fan is measured using a PDA (Particle Dynamics Analysis) system. The flow is surveyed across the whole passage at fifteen axial locations (from the 100% axial chord in front of the leading edge to the 100% axial chord behind the trailing edge), mainly focusing on the outer 90% blade span. Both experiment measurement and numerical simulation indicates the leakage flow originated from the tip clearance along the chord rolls up into three dimensional spiral structure to form leakage flow vortex. The interaction of leakage flow and main flow will produce the low velocity zone, and block the flow. The leakage flow almost occupies the most part of flow passage behind the trailing edge.

Electromechanical coupling driving control for single-shaft parallel hybrid powertrain

The single-shaft parallel hybrid powertrain with the automatic mechanical transmission(AMT)is an efficient hybrid driving system in the hybrid electric bus(HEB),while the electromechanical coupling driving control becomes a complicated question to find a transient optimal control method to distribute the power between the engine and the electric machine(EM).This paper proposes an innovative control method to deal with the complicated transient coupling driving process of the electromechanical coupling driving system,considering the accelerating condition and the cruising condition mostly in the city driving cycle of HEB.The EM might be operated at driving mode or generating mode to assist the diesel engine to work in its high-efficiency area.Therefore,the adaptive torque tracking controller has been brought forward to ensure that the EM implements the demand torque as well as compensate the torque fluctuation of diesel engine.The d?q axis mathematical model and back stepping method are employed to deduce the adaptive controller and its adaptive laws.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme can make the output torque of two power sources respond rapidly to the demand torque from the powertrain in the given driving condition.The proposed method could be adopted in the real control of HEB to improve the efficiency of the hybrid driving system.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Aerodynamic Performance of Small Axial Flow Fan with Hollow Blade Root

To reduce the influence of adverse flow conditions at the fan hub and improve fan aerodynamic performance, a modification of conventional axial fan blades with numerical and experimental investigation is presented. Hollow blade root is manufactured near the hub. The numerical and experimental results show that hollow blade root has some effect on the static performance. Static pressure of the modified fan is generally the same with that of the datum fan, while, the efficiency curve of the modified fan has a different trend with that of the datum fan. The highest efficiency of the modified fan is 10% greater than that of the datum fan. The orthogonal experimental re- suits of fan noise show that hollow blade root is a feasible method of reducing fan noise, and the maximum value of noise reduction is about 2 dB. The factors affecting the noise reduction of hollow blade root are in the order of importance as follows： hollow blade margin, hollow blade height and hollow blade width. The much smoother pressure distribution of the modified fan than that of the datum fan is the main mechanism of noise reduction of hollow blade root. The research results will provide the proof of the parameter optimization and the structure de- sign for high performance and low noise small axial fans.

Performance and Flow Condition of Small-Sized Axial Fan and Adoption of Contra-Rotating Rotors

Small-sized axial fans are used as air coolers for electric equipments.But there is a strong demand for higher power of fans according to the increase of quantity of heat from electric devices.Therefore,higher rotational speed design is conducted,although it causes the deterioration of the efficiency and the increase of noise.Then the adoption of contra-rotating rotors for the small-sized axial fan is proposed for the improvement of the performance.In the present paper,the performance and the internal flow condition of the small-sized axial fan are shown as a first step of the research for the contra-rotating small-sized axial fan and the important points to apply contra-rotating rotors to the small-sized axial fan are discussed.Furthermore,the numerical flow analysis is conducted to investigate the performance of the contra-rotating small-sized axial fan and internal flow conditions and pressure distributions are clarified and the effect of contra-rotating rotors is considered.

Effects of axial gap on aerodynamic force and response of shrouded and unshrouded blade

Forced response analysis of a rocket engine turbine blade was conducted by a decoupled fluid-structure interaction procedure.Aerodynamic forces on the rotor blade were obtained using 3D unsteady flow simulations. The resulting aerodynamic forces were interpolated to the finite element(FE) model through surface effect elements prior to conducting forced response calculations.Effects of axial gap on aerodynamic forces were studied. In addition, influence of axial gap on the response of the shrouded blade was compared with that on the response of the unshrouded blade. Results demonstrated that as the axial gap increases,time-averaged pressure on the blade surface changes very little, while the pressure fluctuations decrease significantly. Pressure and aerodynamic forces on the blade surface display periodic variation, and the vane passing frequency component is dominant.Amplitudes of aerodynamic forces decrease with increasing axial gap. Restricted by the shroud, deformation and response of shrouded blade are much lower than those of the unshrouded blade. The response of unshrouded blade shows obvious beat vibration phenomenon, while the response of the shrouded blade does not have this characteristic because the shroud restrains multiple harmonics. Blade response in time domain was converted to frequency domain using fast Fourier transformation(FFT).Results revealed that the axial gap mainly affects the forced harmonic at the vane passing frequency, while the other two harmonics at natural frequency are hardly affected. Amplitudes of the unshrouded blade response decrease as the axial gap increases, while amplitudes of the shrouded blade response change very little in comparison.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of an Axial Compressor Flow with Tandem Cascade

Basing on a prototype of DCA airfoil and axial displacement overlap of 10% chord,seven kinds of tangential displacements are taken to simulate the flow conditions in tandem cascade with numerical methods to select a better geometry with higher performance.The configuration with tangential displacement b/t=0.83 would gain better flow performance than the others.On this basis,two configurations with tangential displacement b/t=0.67 and 0.83 among several configurations are chosen to take into experimental investigations by using TR-PIV system to capture the flow velocity instantaneously.The configuration with b/t=0.83 is observed a better flow field performance than b/t=0.67.Its injection flow in the gap zone is much stronger,wake zone area of the front and rear blade is smaller and the stream flow is more improved.It shows that the flow performance in experimental investigation is quite in the same trend as the numerical results predict.

Numerical Simulation of Clocking Effect on Blade Unsteady Aerodynamic Force in Axial Turbine

To give an insight into the clocking effect and its influence on the wake transportation and its interaction, the unsteady three-dimensional flow through a 1.5-stage axial low pressure turbine is simulated numerically by using a density-correction based, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations commercial CFD code. The 2nd stator clocking is applied over ten equal tangential positions. The results show that the harmonic blade number ratio is an important factor affecting the clocking effect. The clocking effect has very small influence on the turbine efficiency in this investigation. The difference between the maximum and minimum efficiency is about 0.1%. The maximum efficiency can be achieved when the 1st stator wake enters the 2nd stator passage near blade suction surface and its adjacent wake passes through the 2nd stator passage close to blade pressure surface. The minimum efficiency appears if the 1st stator wake impinges upon the leading edge of the 2nd stator and its adjacent wake of the 1st stator passes through the mid-channel in the 2nd stator. The wake convective transportation and the blade circulation variation due to its impingement on the subsequent blade are the main mechanism affecting the pressure variation in blade surface.

Verification on Spray Simulation of a Pintle Injector for Liquid Rocket Engine

The pintle injector used for a liquid rocket engine is a newly re-attracted injection system famous for its wide throttle ability with high efficiency. The pintle injector has many variations with complex inner structures due to its moving parts. In order to study the rotating flow near the injector tip, which was observed from the cold flow experiment using water and air, a numerical simulation was adopted and a verification of the numerical model was later conducted. For the verification process, three types of experimental data including velocity distributions of gas flows, spray angles and liquid distribution were all compared using simulated results. The numerical simulation was performed using a commercial simulation program with the Eulerian multiphase model and axisymmetric two dimensional grids. The maximum and minimum velocities of gas were within the acceptable range of agreement, however, the spray angles experienced up to 25% error when the momentum ratios were increased. The spray density distributions were quantitatively measured and had good agreement. As a result of this study, it was concluded that the simulation method was properly constructed to study specific flow characteristics of the pintle injector despite having the limitations of two dimensional and coarse grids.