HMA的三轴抗剪强度与间接拉伸强度之间的关系研究

用时间－温度叠加原理来确定间接拉伸强度试验与三轴抗剪强度试验等效的试验条件。在这种等效的试验条件下，可以用间接拉伸（IDT）强度来预测沥青混合料的粘聚力，由这种方法所得粘聚力与IDT强度之比的平均值是1．73，这个值和其他研究者的结果非常吻合。对于不同的混合料，预测粘聚力c值的误差为0．9％～38％，平均不到21％。

岩石三轴抗剪强度的计算

介绍了岩石三轴抗剪强度计算方法 ,利用计算机编程分析计算了岩石三轴抗剪强度参数 ,并绘出岩石莫尔应力圆及其包络线 .并把该法用于西霞院工程岩石强度参数选取 ,表明算法准确、可靠、快捷 。

麦秸秆加筋滨海盐渍土的抗剪强度与偏应力应变

与土工格栅加筋土不同,植物纤维土在加筋补强机制与抗变形性能上具有自身的特点,这可通过纤维土的三轴UU压缩试验进行研究。由麦秸秆纤维加筋滨海盐渍土的三轴抗剪强度及其偏应力应变曲线表明:①与盐渍土相比,麦秸秆纤维土的黏聚力大幅提高,内摩擦角的增幅很小。②加筋长度比0.16质量加筋率0.25%为适宜的纤维加筋条件。③纤维土的偏应力应变曲线与盐渍土的变化形式相近,均呈应变硬化型。轴向应变较小时,加筋长度比和质量加筋率对主应力差的影响较小,纤维加筋作用微弱;随轴向应变的增大,两者的影响加大,纤维加筋作用才逐渐发挥出来。④相互交织的麦秸秆纤维对土形成了空间约束作用,使得4个围压的纤维土的破坏应变均大于盐渍土的。麦秸秆纤维加筋不仅提高了土的黏聚力,还增强了土的抗变形能力。

低围压下冻结粉质粘土的三轴强度及变形分析

高围压和低围压对冻土的变形性能及力学指标有不同的影响。对冻结粉质粘土进行了3种负温、4种围压下的三轴试验。试验结果表明:在温度相同时,不同围压、不同应变速率下的应力-应变曲线具有相同的形态,其三轴抗剪强度与围压及温度有明显的线性关系,与应变速率成指数关系;变形模量与围压没有明显的相关关系,但与温度成线性关系,与应变速率成指数关系。而且从冻土结构角度分析了冻土变形及其强度表现的内在原因。

地裂缝带Q_3黄土强度与流变长期强度关系研究

西安地区是我国地裂缝最为发育,灾害最为严重的地区,随着城市建设的不断发展,尤其是地铁工程的陆续进行,地裂缝灾害成为工程建设的制约因素。考虑到地裂缝灾害的严重性,通过对西安地区长安地裂缝带Q_3原状黄土进行了不同围压下的固结不排水(CU)常规三轴试验,在试验基础上,分析了地裂缝带Q_3原状黄土的应力-应变关系及试样破坏类型,建立了地裂缝带Q_3原状黄土的应力-应变关系模型,获得了地裂缝带Q_3原状黄土不同应变量所对应的抗剪强度值,并分别用摩尔圆法和σ_1-σ_3应力平面法求得了抗剪强度参数。结合蠕变试验曲线,绘制了长期强度曲线,建立了长期强度方程,获得了长期强度方程参数。分析了流变瞬时强度及长期强度值与不同应变量所对应抗剪强度值的关系。

土工格室加筋土强度特性研究

为了探明土工格室加筋土的补强机理,为其合理的工程设计和应用提供理论上的依据,通过三轴剪切试验对土工格室加筋土的强度特性进行了研究,并与筋材平铺加筋土的强度特性作比较。试验结果分析表明,用土工格室作为加筋材料,可以显著提高土体的抗剪强度,且其抗剪强度高于筋材平铺加筋土;加筋方式、加筋密度等对应力—应变曲线形状影响较大;要使土工格室加筋土强度得以充分发挥,需要较大的应变;在加筋率相同且格室平面尺寸也相同的条件下,土工格室高度较小的多层土工格室,其加筋土(复合体)的抗剪强度有所增大、整体性将会增强。

直剪试验与三轴试验的对比探讨

介绍了直剪试验与三轴试验的仪器设备及方法 ,通过对两种不同试验方法及结果的对比 ,指出三轴试验结果更接近土的实际理论值 ,数据更安全可靠 。

K_0固结软黏土的应变率效应研究

在已建立的K0固结软土弹黏塑性本构模型基础上,推导了一维先期固结压力和三轴不排水抗剪强度的计算式,并着重分析了应变率对两者的影响,分别用各自的应变率参数表征。强度应变率参数ρ仅取决于次固结系数与压缩指数的比值,与土体固结应力、固结历史及试验类型均无关;先期固结压力应变率参数ρn则与该比值及压缩参数Λ都有关,且一般有ρn>ρ。对于无机质软黏土,应变率增大10倍时,先期固结压力增长8%～21.2%,不排水强度增长7.2%～12.2%,与试验结果较吻合。考虑到室内试验与原位的应变率差异,建议先将试验所得先期固结压力及不排水抗剪强度按本文规律进行应变率修正,再应用于原位情况。OCR越大,不排水强度比随应变率增长越快。

钢-PVA纤维混凝土早龄期力学性能及弹性模量研究

为研究钢-PVA纤维混凝土早龄期力学性能,将钢纤维和PVA纤维掺入混凝土中,测试早龄期力学性能和弹性模量发展变化规律。结果表明,钢-PVA纤维可以提高混凝土早龄期力学强度,其中轴拉强度增幅最大,受拉弹性模量次之,轴压强度增幅最小;此外,钢-PVA纤维还可以提高早龄期轴拉峰值应变,改善混凝土脆性。根据试验结果提出了钢-PVA混凝土早龄期力学强度计算模型,并与试验值比较,验证了所建模型的有效性。

Calculation on uniaxial compressive strength of high strength concrete after wrapped by FRP

A theoretical calculation method of the axial compressive strength of a high strength concrete with fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) constraint is proposed. It is shown by test verification that the FRP strength devotion factor used for this method is in accordance with actual conditions. FRP is not up to the ultimate strength when the concrete reaches the ultimate strength, whose strength devotion factor is in the range of 0.28 to 0.59, which is related to an elastic modulus. The method can be used to estimate axial compressive strength of the concrete strengthened with FRP. The theoretical strength is 10% to 30% higher than the measured one. The deviation comes mainly from a non-ideal bonding condition of FRP-concrete interfaces and discrete property of the testing data of compressive strength.

淤泥质泥土的快速固化试验研究

为了解决南京地区路基加固和工程抢险中淤泥质泥土带来的难题,采用正交试验原理,通过三因素三水平的无侧限抗压试验和三轴抗压试验,得到一种针对南京地区淤泥质泥土的水泥、固化剂、石灰、三乙醇胺的综合快速固化剂,及其固化土的强度发展模型和无侧限抗压应力应变经验关系.试验结果表明,采用此种快速固化剂可以有效提高淤泥质泥土早期抗压强度、抗剪切破坏能力.

Exploration of weakening mechanism of uniaxial compressive strength of deep sandstone under microwave irradiation

Traditional mechanical rock breaking method is labor-intensive and low-efficient,which restrictes the development of deep resources and deep space.As a new rock-breakage technology,microwave irradiation is expected to overcome these problems.This study examines the failure characteristics,weakening law,and breakdown mechanism of deep sandstone(depth=1050 m)samples in a microwave field.The macroscopic and microscopic properties were determined via mechanical tests,mesoscopic tests,and numerical simulations.Microwave application at 1000 W for 60 s reduced the uniaxial compressive strength of the sandstone by 50%.Thermal stress of the sandstone was enhanced by uneven expansion of minerals at the microscale.Moreover,the melting of some minerals in the high-temperature environment changed the pore structure,sharply reducing the macroscopic strength.The temperature remained high in the lower midsection of the sample,and the stress was concentrated at the bottom of the sample and along its axis.These results are expected to improve the efficiency of deep rock breaking,provide theoretical and technical support for similar rock-breakage projects,and accelerate advances in deep-Earth science.

Crack initiation stress and strain of jointed rock containing multi-cracks under uniaxial compressive loading: A particle flow code approach

The ratio of crack initiation stress to the uniaxial compressive strength(SCI,B/SUC,B) and the ratio of axial strain at the crack initiation stress to the axial strain at the uniaxial compressive strength(B,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS) were studied by performing numerical stress analysis on blocks having multi flaws at close spacing's under uniaxial loading using PFC3 D. The following findings are obtained: SCI,B/SUC,B has an average value of about 0.5 with a variability of ± 0.1. This range agrees quite well with the values obtained by former research. For joint inclination angle, β=90°,B,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS is found to be around 0.48 irrespective of the value of joint continuity factor, k. No particular relation is found betweenB,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS and β; however, the average B,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS seems to slightly decrease with increasing k. The variability ofB,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS is found to increase with k.Based on the cases studied in this work,B,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS ranges between 0.3 and 0.5. This range is quite close to the range of 0.4to 0.6 obtained for SCI,B/SUC,B. The highest variability of ± 0.12 forB,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS is obtained for k=0.8. For the remaining k values the variability ofB,UCB,CI,A,A/SSSS can be expressed within ± 0.05. This finding is very similar to the finding obtained for the variability of SCI,B/SUC,B.

Mechanical and electrical properties of coarse-grained soilaffected by cyclic freeze-thaw in high cold regions

To evaluate the geotechnical properties of coarse-grained soil affected by cyclic freeze-thaw,the electrical resistivity and mechanical tests are conducted.The soil specimens are prepared under different water contents,dry densities and exposed to 0?20 freeze-thaw cycles.As a result,the stress?strain behavior of the specimen(w=14.0%andρd=1.90 g/cm^3)changes from strain-hardening into strain-softening due to the freeze-thaw effect.The electrical resistivity of test specimen increases with the freeze-thaw cycles change,but the mechanical parameters(the unconfined compressive strength qu and the deformation modulus E)and brittleness index decrease considerably at the same conditions.All of them tend to be stable after 7?9 cycles.Moreover,both the dry density and the water content have reciprocal effects on the freeze-thaw actions.The failure and pore characteristics of specimens affected by freeze-thaw cycles are discussed by using the image analysis method.Then,an exponential function equation is developed to assess the electrical resistivity of specimens affected by the cyclic freeze-thaw.Linear relations between the mechanical parameters and the electrical resistivity of specimens are established to evaluate the geotechnical properties of the soil exposed to freeze-thaw actions through the corresponding electrical resistivity.

Strength and deformation behaviors of cemented tailings backfill under triaxial compression

It is of great significance for safety reason to obtain the triaxial compressive properties of cemented tailings backfill(CTB).The influence of cement content,curing age and confining pressure on strength and deformation properties of CTB was examined and discussed.Results indicate that the triaxial compressive and deformation behavior of CTB is strongly affected by the cement content,curing age and confining pressure.The increase in cement content,curing age and confining pressure leads to a change in stress−strain behavior and an increase in the axial strain at failure and post-peak strength loss.The cohesion of CTB rises as the curing age and cement content increase.However,the enhancement in internal friction angle is trivial and negligible.It should be noted that the failure pattern of CTB samples in triaxial compression is mainly along a shear plane,the confining pressure restrains the lateral expansion and the bulging failure pattern is dominantly detected in CTB samples as curing age length and cement content increase.The results will help to better understand the triaxial mechanical and deformation behavior of CTB.

A new nonlinear empirical strength criterion for rocks under conventional triaxial compression

The failure criterion of rocks is a critical factor involved in reliability design and stability analysis of geotechnical engineering.In order to accurately evaluate the triaxial compressive strength of rocks under different confining pressures,a nonlinear empirical strength criterion based on Mohr-Coulomb criterion was proposed in this paper.Through the analysis of triaxial test strength of 11 types of rock materials,the feasibility and validity of proposed criterion was discussed.For a further verification,six typical strength criteria were selected,and the prediction results of each criterion and test results were statistically analyzed.The comparative comparison results show that the prediction results obtained by applying this new criterion to 97 conventional triaxial compression tests of 11 different rock materials are highly consistent with the experimental data.Statistical analysis was executed to assess the application of the new criterion and other classical criteria in predicting the failure behavior of rock.This proposed empirical criterion provides a new reference and method for the determination of triaxial compressive strength of rock materials.

Rock burst prediction based on genetic algorithms and extreme learning machine

Rock burst is a kind of geological disaster in rock excavation of high stress areas.To evaluate intensity of rock burst,the maximum shear stress,uniaxial compressive strength,uniaxial tensile strength and rock elastic energy index were selected as input factors,and burst pit depth as output factor.The rock burst prediction model was proposed according to the genetic algorithms and extreme learning machine.The effect of structural surface was taken into consideration.Based on the engineering examples of tunnels,the observed and collected data were divided into the training set,validation set and prediction set.The training set and validation set were used to train and optimize the model.Parameter optimization results are presented.The hidden layer node was450,and the fitness of the predictions was 0.0197 under the optimal combination of the input weight and offset vector.Then,the optimized model is tested with the prediction set.Results show that the proposed model is effective.The maximum relative error is4.71%,and the average relative error is 3.20%,which proves that the model has practical value in the relative engineering.

Meso-damage evolution and mechanical characteristics of low-porosity sedimentary rocks under uniaxial compression

Low pore sedimentary rocks(from Guangxi, China) were subjected to uniaxial compression loading experiment under different initial stresses. The rock samples were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance before and after the loading. The relationships between the mesoscopic rock damage and macroscopic mechanical parameters were established, and the initial damage stress of the low-porosity sedimentary rock was determined. The results showed that this type of rock has the initial stress of damage. When the initial loading stress is lower than the initial stress of damage, the T2 spectrum area of the rock sample gradually decreases, and the primary pores of the rock are further closed under the stress. The range of the initial stress of damage for this type of rock is 8-16 MPa. When the loading stress exceeds the initial stress of damage, the T2 spectrum area gradually increases, indicating that the porosity of the rock increases and microscopic damage of the rock appears. The rock damage degree is defined, and the nonlinear function between the rock damage degree and the initial loading stress is established.

Texture features analysis on micro-structure of paste backfill based on image analysis technology

The strength of cement-based materials,such as mortar,concrete and cement paste backfill(CPB),depends on its microstructures(e.g.pore structure and arrangement of particles and skeleton).Numerous studies on the relationship between strength and pore structure(e.g.,pore size and its distribution)were performed,but the micro-morphology characteristics have been rarely concerned.Texture describing the surface properties of the sample is a global feature,which is an effective way to quantify the micro-morphological properties.In statistical analysis,GLCM features and Tamura texture are the most representative methods for characterizing the texture features.The mechanical strength and section image of the backfill sample prepared from three different solid concentrations of paste were obtained by uniaxial compressive strength test and scanning electron microscope,respectively.The texture features of different SEM images were calculated based on image analysis technology,and then the correlation between these parameters and the strength was analyzed.It was proved that the method is effective in the quantitative analysis on the micro-morphology characteristics of CPB.There is a significant correlation between the texture features and the unconfined compressive strength,and the prediction of strength is feasible using texture parameters of the CPB microstructure.

Simulation of rock deformation and mechanical characteristics using clump parallel-bond models

To properly simulate hard rock with a high ratio of the uniaxial compressive strength to tensile strength(UCS/TS) and realistic strength-failure envelope,the rock deformation and mechanical characteristics were discussed in detail when the particle simulation method with the clump parallel-bond model(CPBM) was used to conduct a series of numerical experiments at the specimen scale.Meanwhile,the effects of the loading procedure and crack density on the mechanical behavior of a specimen,which was modeled by the particle simulation method with the CPBM,were investigated.The related numerical results have demonstrated that:1) The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),tensile strength(TS) and elastic modulus are overestimated when the conventional loading procedure is used in the particle simulation method with the CPBM; 2) The elastic modulus,strength and UCS/TS decrease,while Poisson ratio increases with the increase of the crack density in the particle simulation method with the CPBM; 3) The particle simulation method with the CPBM can be used to reproduce a high value of UCS/TS(>10),as well as a high friction angle and reasonable cohesion strength; 4) As the confining pressure increases,both the peak strength of the simulated specimen and the number of microscopic cracks increase,but the ratio of tensile cracks number to shear cracks number decreases in the particle simulation method with the CPBM; 5) Compared with the conventional parallel-bond model,the CPBM can be used to reproduce more accurate results for simulating the rock deformation and mechanical characteristics.