高线负载换流控制系统典型故障及对策分析

文章介绍了包钢高速线材厂精轧机主传动中LCI型无换向器6300 kW交流同步电动机控制系统在实际运行过程中所遇到的几种典型故障及相应的分析处理。

高压直流输电系统阀短路保护动作特性分析

阀短路保护是高压直流输电系统中换流器的主保护。文中定量分析计算了在整流侧和逆变侧发生阀短路故障时的故障电流,结果表明,相比整流侧阀短路,逆变侧阀短路时的短路电流要小得多,以此为基础分析了阀短路保护的动作方程,并按传统交流比率差动保护的方法确定了动作方程中的相关参数。对动作方程分析表明,由于整流侧和逆变侧阀短路时故障电流大小的差异以及控制系统的影响,逆变侧阀短路时保护有可能拒动。换流变压器空载充电时由于电流互感器饱和及三相电流互感器暂态特性的不一致会出现较大差流,有可能使阀短路保护误动。基于实时数字仿真仪(RTDS)的实验仿真结果验证了文中对阀短路动作方程理论分析的正确性。提出了阀短路保护的配置和整定建议,可较好地克服灵敏性与可靠性之间的矛盾。

Control of the DC Output Voltage of the AC/DC Converter Using Sliding Mode Control： Application to PMSG

This paper presents sliding mode technique associated to the direct torque control （DTC） for an isolated-loaded permanent magnet synchronous generator （PMSG）. The machine delivers an active power to a DC-load via a converter connected to a single capacitor on the DC side. Since the converter/capacitor model is nonlinear, the sliding mode technique constitutes a powerful tool to ensure the DC-bus voltage regulation. The computer simulations are provided to verify the validity of the proposed control algorithm.

Semiconductor nanowires for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical energy conversion

Semiconductor nanowires （NW） possess several beneficial properties for efficient conversion of solar energy into electricity and chemical energy. Due to their efficient absorption of light, short distances for minority carriers to travel, high surface-to-volume ratios, and the availability of scalable synthesis methods, they provide a pathway to address the low cost-to-power requirements for widescale adaptation of solar energy conversion technologies. Here we highlight recent progress in our group towards implementation of NW components as photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical energy conversion devices. An emphasis is placed on the unique properties of these one-dimensional （1D） structures, which enable the use of abundant, low-cost materials and improved energy conversion efficiency compared to bulk devices.

Graphdiyne oxide-accelerated charge carrier transfer and separation at the interface for efficient binary organic solar cells

Interfacial engineering for the regulation of the charge carrier dynamics in solar cells is a critical factor in the fabrication of high-efficiency devices.Based on the successful preparation of highly dispersible graphdiyne oxide(GDYO)with a large number of functional groups,we fabricated organic solar cells employing GDYO-modified poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)as hole transport materials.Results show that theπ±πinteraction between GDYO and PEDOT:PSS is beneficial to the formation of an optimized charge carrier transfer channel and improves the conductivity and charge carrier mobility in the hole transport layer.Moreover,the improved interfacial contact contributes to the suppression of charge carrier recombination and the elevation of charge carrier extraction between the hole transport layer and the active layer.More importantly,the occurrence of charge carrier separation benefits from the optimized morphology of the active layer,which efficiently improves the performance,as proven by the results of transient absorption measurements.Therefore,with the holistic management approach to the multiobjective optimization of the charge carrier dynamics,a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 17.5%(with the certified value of 17.2%)is obtained for binary organic solar cells.All of these results indicate the potential application of the functionalized graphdiyne in the field of organic optoelectronic devices.

Performance analysis of the silicon waveguide-based wavelength converter

The conversion efficiency and noise figure (NF) of the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide-based wavelength converter are investigated with the coupled equations. The effects of the pump power, the nonlinear absorption and the waveguide length on the conversion efficiency and noise figure are discussed. The conversion efficiency decreases with the increasing pump power and the noise figure is degraded due to the two-photon absorption (TPA) and the TPA-induced free-carrier absorption (FCA) at the higher pump power. With the increasing of the free carrier lifetime, the conversion efficiency will decrease and the noise figure will increase accordingly. The optimal waveguide length depends on the pump power and the free carrier lifetime. In practical applications, the high conversion efficiency and low noise figure can be achieved by choosing suitable parameters of the silicon waveguide.

A series of dithienobenzodithiophene based small molecules for highly efficient organic solar cells

Three acceptor-donor-acceptor （A-D-A） small molecules DCAODTBDT, DRDTBDT and DTBDTBDT using dithieno[2,3-d：2＇,3＇-d＇]benzo[1,2-b：4,5-b＇]dithiophene as the central building block, octyl cyanoacetate, 3-octylrhodanine and thiobarbituric acid as the end groups were designed and synthesized as donor materials in solution-processed photovoltaic cells （OPVs）. The impacts of these different electron withdrawing end groups on the photophysical properties, energy levels, charge carrier mobility, morphologies of blend films, and their photovoltaic properties have been systematically investigated. OPVs device based on DRDTBDT gave the best power conversion efficiency （PCE） of 8.34%, which was significantly higher than that based on DCAODTBDT （4.83%） or DTBDTBDT （3.39%）. These results indicate that rather dedicated and balanced consideration of absorption, energy levels, morphology, mobility, etc. for the design of small-molecule-based OPVs （SM-OPVs） and systematic investigations are highly needed to achieve high performance for SM-OPVs.