To investigate the cost-effectiveness of different maintenance treatments of highways in Jiangsu Province, the historical pavement maintenance records, traffic load information and pavement performance data in the pav...To investigate the cost-effectiveness of different maintenance treatments of highways in Jiangsu Province, the historical pavement maintenance records, traffic load information and pavement performance data in the pavement management system （PMS） are recorded and analyzed. Compared with the growth model, the linear model, the logarithm model and the exponential model, the cubic model has higher regression accuracy R2 and it can capture the sigmoid shape of the deterioration curve. So it is selected to simulate the pavement rotting development. The benefit over cost ratio is calculated to quantify the treatment cost- effectiveness. The analysis results show that thin hot mix asphalt （HMA） overlays and micro surfacing are more cost- effective than the. other two treatments on light and moderate traffic roads. Hot in-place recycling and thick HMA overlays have much longer service lives and greater cost-effectiveness under heavy or extra heavy traffic.展开更多
Currently,the WLAN indoor positioning system attracts a lot of interests,not only because of the cheap implementation but also because of the high positioning accuracy comparing with other indoor positioning systems.T...Currently,the WLAN indoor positioning system attracts a lot of interests,not only because of the cheap implementation but also because of the high positioning accuracy comparing with other indoor positioning systems.The WLAN indoor positioning system contains two phases,which are offline phase and online phase.In the online phase,the WLAN equipment user(UE) has to access to the WLAN for the latest radio map and positioning software.Due to during the network allocation vector(NAV) duration,the WLAN channel is only reserved for one WLAN UE,others UEs' carrier accessing will be blocked.In addition,the blocked UE will make a retrial accessing,which will definitely introduce more traffic blocking to the WLAN.So In this paper,based on the analysis of the WLAN indoor positioning system architecture,a proper queuing model by using of the Extended Erlang B formula is proposed,which takes the retrial calling percentage into consideration in the proposed model.The simulation results show that the proposed method is more accurate and performs well to predict the blocking probability.展开更多
In order to make maximum use of the EV （electric vehicle） battery, evaluating the remaining battery capacity and the power consumption is important. Evaluation method of the remaining battery capacity with accuracy ...In order to make maximum use of the EV （electric vehicle） battery, evaluating the remaining battery capacity and the power consumption is important. Evaluation method of the remaining battery capacity with accuracy has been proposed. Moreover, the evaluation method of the power consumption for traveling has been proposed. However, the power consumption for vehicle-mounted air-conditioner is 30%. It is necessary to calculate the power consumption for both traveling and air-conditioning. In this paper, the authors have constructed a mathematical model which calculates the EV power consumption for both traveling and air-conditioning. The calculated results of this model have been compared to actual traveling data. In addition, factors which have a impact on the EV power consumption have been studied. As a result, the EV power consumption is greately varied by slope resistance, acceleration resistance and required air-conditioning load. Moreover, it is clarified that the air-conditioner consumes approximately 25% to 50% of the total power consumption in a hot summer day. In addition, the acceleration and the air-conditioning load differ depending on each vehicle driver. Therefore, in order to evaluate the EV power consumption practically, it is necessary to reflect the characteristics of each vehicle driver.展开更多
Unlike nonspecific adhesion of conventional hard materials in engineering commonly described by JKR and DMT type models,the molecular adhesion via specific receptor-ligand bonds is stochastic by nature and has the fea...Unlike nonspecific adhesion of conventional hard materials in engineering commonly described by JKR and DMT type models,the molecular adhesion via specific receptor-ligand bonds is stochastic by nature and has the feature that its strength strongly depends on the medium stiffness surrounding the adhesion.In this paper,we demonstrate in a stochastic-elasticity framework that a type of materials with linearly graded elastic modulus can be designed to achieve "equal load sharing" and enhanced cooperative rebinding among interfacial molecular bonds.Upon modulus gradation,multiple molecular bonds can be elastically decoupled but statistically cooperative.In general,uniform molecular adhesion can be accomplished by two strategies:homogeneous materials with sufficient stiffness higher than a threshold or heterogeneous materials satisfying the criterion on modulus gradation.These results not only provide a theoretical principle for possible applications of functionally graded materials in quantitatively controlling cell-matrix adhesion,but also have general implications on adhesion between soft materials mediated by specific molecular binding.展开更多
基金The Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Provincial Communications Department(No.7621000078)
文摘To investigate the cost-effectiveness of different maintenance treatments of highways in Jiangsu Province, the historical pavement maintenance records, traffic load information and pavement performance data in the pavement management system （PMS） are recorded and analyzed. Compared with the growth model, the linear model, the logarithm model and the exponential model, the cubic model has higher regression accuracy R2 and it can capture the sigmoid shape of the deterioration curve. So it is selected to simulate the pavement rotting development. The benefit over cost ratio is calculated to quantify the treatment cost- effectiveness. The analysis results show that thin hot mix asphalt （HMA） overlays and micro surfacing are more cost- effective than the. other two treatments on light and moderate traffic roads. Hot in-place recycling and thick HMA overlays have much longer service lives and greater cost-effectiveness under heavy or extra heavy traffic.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation and Civil Aviation Administration of China (Grant No. 61101122)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. HIT. NSRIF. 2010090)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 20100471079)the Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. LBH-z10127)
文摘Currently,the WLAN indoor positioning system attracts a lot of interests,not only because of the cheap implementation but also because of the high positioning accuracy comparing with other indoor positioning systems.The WLAN indoor positioning system contains two phases,which are offline phase and online phase.In the online phase,the WLAN equipment user(UE) has to access to the WLAN for the latest radio map and positioning software.Due to during the network allocation vector(NAV) duration,the WLAN channel is only reserved for one WLAN UE,others UEs' carrier accessing will be blocked.In addition,the blocked UE will make a retrial accessing,which will definitely introduce more traffic blocking to the WLAN.So In this paper,based on the analysis of the WLAN indoor positioning system architecture,a proper queuing model by using of the Extended Erlang B formula is proposed,which takes the retrial calling percentage into consideration in the proposed model.The simulation results show that the proposed method is more accurate and performs well to predict the blocking probability.
文摘In order to make maximum use of the EV （electric vehicle） battery, evaluating the remaining battery capacity and the power consumption is important. Evaluation method of the remaining battery capacity with accuracy has been proposed. Moreover, the evaluation method of the power consumption for traveling has been proposed. However, the power consumption for vehicle-mounted air-conditioner is 30%. It is necessary to calculate the power consumption for both traveling and air-conditioning. In this paper, the authors have constructed a mathematical model which calculates the EV power consumption for both traveling and air-conditioning. The calculated results of this model have been compared to actual traveling data. In addition, factors which have a impact on the EV power consumption have been studied. As a result, the EV power consumption is greately varied by slope resistance, acceleration resistance and required air-conditioning load. Moreover, it is clarified that the air-conditioner consumes approximately 25% to 50% of the total power consumption in a hot summer day. In addition, the acceleration and the air-conditioning load differ depending on each vehicle driver. Therefore, in order to evaluate the EV power consumption practically, it is necessary to reflect the characteristics of each vehicle driver.
基金supported by the Start-up Funding from Young Thousand-Talent Program of Chinathe Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (Grant No. 2011XZZX002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11072273)
文摘Unlike nonspecific adhesion of conventional hard materials in engineering commonly described by JKR and DMT type models,the molecular adhesion via specific receptor-ligand bonds is stochastic by nature and has the feature that its strength strongly depends on the medium stiffness surrounding the adhesion.In this paper,we demonstrate in a stochastic-elasticity framework that a type of materials with linearly graded elastic modulus can be designed to achieve "equal load sharing" and enhanced cooperative rebinding among interfacial molecular bonds.Upon modulus gradation,multiple molecular bonds can be elastically decoupled but statistically cooperative.In general,uniform molecular adhesion can be accomplished by two strategies:homogeneous materials with sufficient stiffness higher than a threshold or heterogeneous materials satisfying the criterion on modulus gradation.These results not only provide a theoretical principle for possible applications of functionally graded materials in quantitatively controlling cell-matrix adhesion,but also have general implications on adhesion between soft materials mediated by specific molecular binding.
