课程变革中的较力与应对

课程变革的过程中充满着矛盾与较力,变革推动者往往倾向对变革方案采用"忠实"的实施取向,而变革行动者——教师却总是要对其进行自我修改。"忠实"与"修改"在变革推动者与教师之间产生了较力现象。为此,变革推动者一方面要正视变革中出现的问题,对忠实取向进行合理修正;另一方面,要因势利导帮助教师减小变革的阻力,最终将两者的合力指向变革推动者和实践者共同理想的方向,从而使变革能够稳步推进。

全国武术功力比赛“长杆较力”项目技术的科学发展研究

"长杆较力"是全国武术功力比赛的竞赛项目之一,通过四届全国比赛"长杆较力"项目的技术方法、规则演进、运动成绩等方面的变化,分析"长杆较力"项目技术的优势与存在的不足和问题,提出了建设性的改进建议,为进一步推进武术"长杆较力"这一项目技术的科学发展提供了有益参考。

全国武术功力大赛“长杆较力”的训练研究

"长杆较力"是武术功力大赛中的规定比赛项目,汇集传统武术中的大枪、长杆、单头棍和太极大杆等长器械技法。本文运用文献资料法、专家访谈法,结合自身的训练和比赛经验,对长杆较力这一比赛项目的训练手段进行分析研究,并针对存在问题,提出合理建议,旨在为长杆较力运动员提供参考。

全国武术功力大赛“长杆较力”项目顶力训练研究

本文通过文献资料法、实验法、数理统计法等,对中北大学36名学生长杆较力中的顶力进行统一实验测试。对实验测试的数据结果进行对比分析后得出,传统力量训练手段优于现代力量训练。基于以上结论,针对现在运动员训练所存在的问题,提出合理建议。

漫话春秋战国时期的手搏与举鼎

在烽烟四起的春秋战国时代,较力性的活动项目较为盛行,本文列举的手搏、举鼎的形成和发展,从某个侧面来反映当时社会的体育状况。

春秋战国时期“手搏”的形成和发展

在军用武器还没有大力发展的时候春秋战国时期的徒手搏击开始逐渐的形成与发展,对于春秋战国时期较力性项目"手搏"的形成与发展有历史资料可以考证,文章对春秋战国时期较力性项目"手搏"的形成与发展作一些系统的探讨。

20世纪初俄罗斯伦理唯心主义体系的创建与覆灭

19世纪末20世纪初之前,俄罗斯伦理思想自成一派,在发展上直取宗教唯心主义的简单脉络。伦理思想与西方的非亲缘性、宗教伦理的本体性、伦理学研究的抽象性以及道德判断的非现实性等特点证明了俄罗斯伦理思想深厚的唯心主义根基和传统。伯恩斯坦及"伦理社会主义"的推行、"伦理神秘主义"特质和美学浪漫主义等因素是俄罗斯伦理唯心主义体系得以形成和发展的原因;而"哲学船事件"与俄罗斯伦理思想的分化、社会思潮的世俗化转向、西方实证主义方法论和社会达尔文思潮的影响又在客观上促进了伦理唯心主义体系迅速走向衰微乃至覆灭。伴随着伦理唯心主义由盛至衰的另一线索就是马克思主义伦理模式在俄罗斯的生成。

Revealed comparative advantage and competitiveness of China’s agricultural products

This paper deals with the competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products, base on the index of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) using lots of data for the period of 1980 to 2003. The index is useful in identifying the demarcation between comparative advantage and comparative disadvantage. The research indicates that some agro-products in China such as edible vegetables and tea have a comparative advantage, but the RCA values have been declining over the 24-year period, which has vast impacts on future reform in China’s agricultural structure.

Economic Competitiveness of China and the US:Comparison,Dynamic Change and Global Position

Research of competitiveness of China and the United States is of great significance to enhancing China＇s economic competitiveness and achieving the objective of national rejuvenation. By creating a competitiveness framework and a system of heterogeneous indicators, this paper investigates the competitiveness of China and the US in terms of current status, historic change and global environment. Our research led to the following findings： core factors determine the level of competitiveness for China and the US; the national competitiveness of both countries is evolving towards structural homogeneity; and China and the US lead most countries in many common areas. China has the potential to overtake the US in competitiveness in the future. We suggest that China increase its competitiveness by promoting its advantages, addressing its weaknesses and focusing on core areas.

Comparative Study on Hydrolase Activities in Tianzhu White Yak Milk and Gannan Yak Milk of Gansu

This study was conducted to compare the hydrolase activities in the milk of Tianzhu white yak and Gannan yak in Gansu. The results showed that the ACP activity in Tianzhu yak milk was significantly higher than that in Gannan yak milk （P〈0.05）; the AKP activity in Tianzhu yak milk was higher than that in Gannan yak milk, but not significant; and the AMC activity in Tianzhu yak milk was significantly lower than that in Gannan yak milk （P〈0.05）. There were no remarkable changes in the activities of the 3 hydrolases with the change of parity, i.e., the effects of parity on enzyme activities in milk were not significant. The comparative study on hydrolase activities in the milk of Tianzhu while yak and Gannan yak helps to understand the characteristics of the milk of the 2 yak breeds, and further provides certain reference basis for the development of yak milk.

3D-QSAR Study of 7,8-Dialkyl-l,3-diaminopyrrolo-[3,2-f] Quinazolines with Anticancer Activity as DHFR Inhibitors

A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship （3D-QSAR） study of a series of 7,8-dialkyl-l,3-diaminopyrrolo-[3,2-f] quinazolines with anticancer activity as dihydrofo- late reductase （DHFR） inhibitors was carried out by using the comparative molecular field analysis （CoMFA）, on the basis of our reported 2D-QSAR of these compounds. The es- tablished 3D-QSAR model has good quality of statistics and good prediction ability; the non cross-validation correlation coefficient and the cross-validation value of this model are 0.993 and 0.619, respectively, the F value is 193.4, and the standard deviation SD is 0.208. This model indicates that the steric field factor plays a much more important role than the electrostatic one, in satisfying agreement with the published 2D-QSAR model. However, the 3D-QSAR model offers visual images of the steric field and the electrostatic field. The 3D-QSAR study further suggests the following： to improve the activity, the substituent R^1 should be selected to be a group with an adaptive bulk like Et or i-Pr, and the substituent R should be selected to be a larger alkyl. In particular, based on our present 3D-QSAR as well as the published 2D-QSAR, the experimentMly-proposed hydrophobic binding mechanism on the receptor-binding site of the DHFR can be further explained in theory. Therefore, the QSAR studies help to further understand the ＂hydrophobic binding＂ action mechanism of this kind of compounds, and to direct the molecular design of new drugs with higher activity.

办公室三招 缓解颈椎不适

久坐办公室的人多半会有颈椎不适的感觉，下面简单的三招，能在办公室的有限空间放松颈部。

Molecular Modeling and Design of Arylthioindole Derivatives as Tubulin Inhibitors

Three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship （3D-QSAR） and docking studies of a series of arylthioindole derivatives as tubulin inhibitors against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 have been carried out. An optimal 3D-QSAR model from the comparative molecular field analysis （CoMFA） for training set with significant statistical quality （R2=0.898） and predictive ability （q2=0.654） was established. The same model was further applied to predict pIC50 values of the compounds in test set, and the resulting predictive correlation coefficient R2（pred） reaches 0.816, further showing that this CoMFA model has high predictive ability. Moreover, the appropriate binding orientations and conformations of these compounds interacting with tubulin are located by docking study, and it is very interesting to find the consistency between the CoMFA field distribution and the 3D topology structure of active site of tubulin. Based on CoMFA along with docking results, some important factors improving the activities of these compounds were discussed in detail and were summarized as follows： the substituents R3-R5 （on the phenyl ring） with higher electronegativity, the substituent R6 with higher eleetropositivity and bigger bulk, the substituent R7 with smaller bulk, and so on. In addition, five new compounds with higher activities have been designed. Such results can offer useful theoretical references for experimental works.

Thermodynamic Comparison Analysis on CO_2 Transcritical Reverse Cycles with IHX or Expander

To improve the coefficient of performance （COP） of CO2 transcritical reverse cycle and determine the most efficient cycle, comparison analysis on （single-and） two-stage CO2 transcritical cycles with internal heat exchanger （IHX） or expander is presented adopting the principle of thermodynamics. Results indicate that the COP of four cycles,namely single-stage compression with IHX （SI）, single-stage compression with expander （SE）, two-stage compression with IHX （TI） and two-stage compression with expander （TE）, can be ranged as TE>SE>TI>SI. It presents that adopting an expander to recover expansion power is the primary method to improve the COP of CO2 transcritical reverse cycle if the efficiency of the expander is up to a certain value. Under supposed operating condition, where the outlet temperature of gas cooler is 35 ℃ and the evaporating temperature is 5 ℃, the COP of TE cycle is about 4200 higher than that of SI cycle when the expander efficiency is 0.6 and the degree of superheat of IHX is 15 ℃. Therefore TE cycle is the most recommendatory one and it is better to adopt TE in those high-cooling capacity systems because its technology cost will be higher.

3D-QSAR and action mechanism of potential dual inhibitors towards AP-1 and NF-κB

Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship （3D-QSAR） and docking studies of a series of novel dioxopyrrolinyl-amino-pyrimidine derivatives, which are potential dual inhibitors mediating a transcriptional activation towards protein-1 （AP-1） and nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）, have been carried out. The QS, AR models established by comparative molecular field analysis （CoMFA） and comparative molecular similarity index analysis （CoMSIA） show a good predictive ability with cross-validated coefficients q2 of 0.644 and 0.636, respectively. The docking result shows that there are quite lower average values of the flexible and rigid energy scores on the selected binding sites, meanwhile, it further shows that the binding sites just fall on the joint regions between AP-1 （and NF-κB） and DNA. The reason that these analogues have inhibition function towards AP-I and NF-κB is that their existence on these joint regions can effectively prevent free AP-I and NF-κB from binding to DNA. These results can offer a valuable theoretical reference to the pharmaceutical molecular design as well as the action mechanism analysis.

Effects of Different Compounding of Formulae on Content of Gardenoside in Yin Chen Hao Decoction

In order to observe the effects of the ground and intact Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae) and different combinations of the ingredients and refined single Chinese drug granules in Yin Chen Hao Decoction compound prescription on the contents of gardenoside (an effective component of the prescription), the contents of gardenoside were determined with reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with acetonitrile-water (15:85) as mobile phase, at wave length 238nm. The results indicated that the gardenoside-decocted-out rates in the decoctions prepared by different combinations of the ingredients with the ground Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae) all were higher significantly than those in the decoction with intact Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae), and generally, different combinations of the ingredients in the decoction had only little effect on the gardenoside-decocted-out rate.

Comparison of the Performance of Two Direct Wave Energy Conversion Systems: Archimedes Wave Swing and Power Buoy

Many wave energy conversion devices have not been well received. The main reasons are that they are too complicated and not economical. However, in the last two decades direct conversion systems have drawn the attention of researchers to their widely distributed energy source due to their simple structure and low cost. The most well-known direct conversion systems presently in use include the Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS) and Power Buoy (PB). In this paper, these two systems were simulated in the same conditions and their behaviors were studied in different wave conditions. In order to verify the simulations, results of the generator of the finite element computations were followed. An attempt was made to determine the merits and drawbacks of each method under different wave conditions by comparing the performance of the two systems. The wave conditions suitable for each system were specified.

Development of a Stabilized Pan/Tilt Platform and the State of the Art

In the context of this paper, a small scale, medium precision, stabilized pan/tilt platform is developed as a prototype, which is used to compare various stabilization algorithms experimentally. The overall performance of the system depends on rigid body dynamics, structural dynamics, servo control loops, stabilization control algorithm, sensor fusion algorithm and sensory feedback such as from the IMU （inertial measurement unit）. In the case that the response bandwidth of the overall system is high enough, the same hardware can also achieve active vibration isolation. All of these design aspects are investigated in the paper via numerical models and with their experimental verification.

Clinical Observation on Acupuncture Treatment of Cerebrovascular Dementia——A Report of 32 Cases

Cerebrovascular dementia is a common disease in the middle-aged and old people. Its incidence makes up about 10-20% of all kinds of dementia. It is mainly caused by general degeneration of the brain function resulted from cerebral arteriosclerosis and cerebral infarction. The author has treated 32 cases of cerebrovascular dementia with acupuncture in the recent years with satisfactory therapeutic results. A report follows.

Comparative Study on the Kinetic Equations of Potassium Release from Soils

Elovicb, two-constant, parabolic diffusion, exponential, second-order, first-order and zero-order equations were used to describe the kinetic characteristics of potassium desorption from six paddy soils df Zhejiang Province in a constant electric field (44.4 V/ cm) of EUF. Results showed that the second-order and Elovich equations could describe the potassium desorption kinetics best, as evidenced by the highest correlation coefficients (r) and the lowest standard errors (SE). The first-order, two-constant and parabolic diffusion equations also described the K desorption kinetics well, as showed by the relatively high correlation coefficients and relatively low standard errors. The zero-order equation did not describe the K desorption satisfactorily with a relatively low correlation coefficient and relatively high standard error. However, the exponential equation could not be used to describe the K desorption kinetics, due to the lowest correlation coefficient and the highest standard error.