辅料取料机自动控制系统的设计与安装、调试

在简述辅料取料机自动控制系统技改项目立项原因及提出技术要求、需要实现功能基础上,介绍了辅料取料机自动控制系统的电路与程序的设计思路及安装调试方法,同时列举了可能出现的问题,作为此类系统的成功案例,对同行具有一定参考意义。

探讨冶金矿山井巷工程辅助费的计取方法

编制井巷工程辅助费单位估价表计取井巷工程辅助费,选用定额子目和应用调整系数调整定额是编制中的两大难关,无论哪一关出错,辅助费的计取都会发生错误。针对编制难关,在编制步骤里介绍了准确填写表头是选用定额子目和应用调整系数的依据,通过实例检验表明熟练掌握编制步骤,以表头的技术特征为依据,正确选用定额子目和准确应用调整系数是突破编制难关的关键。

5000t/d熟料生产线辅材堆取料系统改造

我公司日产500000t熟料生产线,石灰石矿品位较差,CaO含量低(48%以下),SiO2含量高。为了保证生料指标稳定,我公司采用低硅高铝的黏土配料。结合现场实际情况,从辅材破碎机、取料机入手,进行改造,稳定了生料质量,同时减少装载机使用,节省了成本。

Optimization of Microwave-assisted Extraction Technology of Polyphenols from Loropetalum chinense(R. Br.) Oliv

In order to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction technology of polyphenols from Loropetalum chinense （R. Br.） Oliv., the effects of microwave power, ethanol concentration, solid to liquid ratio and extraction time on polyphenols extraction rate were investigated. On the basis of single-factor test, a four-factor and three-level orthogonal test was designed by response surface method to establish a mathematical model between the response value and various factors. The results showed that the intensity of effect of different influencing factor on polyphenols ex- traction rate ranked as microwave power＇s〉solid to liquid ratio＇s〉extraction time＇s〉 ethanol concentration＇s. The optimum microwave-assisted extraction conditions for polyphenols from L. chinense were as follows： extraction power 254 W, ethanol concentration 60%, extraction time 12.5 rain and solid to liquid ratio 1：17. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction rate of polyphenols from L. chinense was 19.17%.

Extraction Optimization of Polysaccharides from Pitaya Stems

[Objective]The aim was to describe the extraction of polysaccharides from pitaya stems.[Method]The hot water,enzyme-assisted and microwave-assisted methods were used,with the microwave-assisted extraction being deemed optimal by general evaluation.[Result]The main factors affecting the yield of polysaccharides in the microwave-assisted extraction,by order of magnitude,were as follows:time >microwave power >temperature;additionally,optimal conditions included a 10 min extraction time,an 80℃ extraction temperature and a microwave setting of 200 W.Using these optimal conditions,the yield of PSPS(Polysaccharides from Pitaya Stems) was 1.42%.After purification,the yield of PSPS was 0.74%.[Conclusion]The PSPS was analyzed by IR,MALDI-TOF-MS and an element analysis technique.It was shown to be a polysaccharide mixture,and the molecular weight was between 3 900 and 4 300 Da.

Ultrasound-associated extraction of seed oil of Korean pine

Experiment on ultrasound- associated extraction of seed oil of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) was conducted in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The factorsaffecting extraction yield, such as ultrasonic frequency, extracting temperature, extracting timeand the ratio of material to liquid (ratio of Korean pine seed to absolute alcohol), were analyzedunder specific condition and the optimal extracting parameters were obtained as the ultrasonicfrequency 32 000 Hz, the extracting temperature 80 ℃, the extracting time 50 min, and the ratio ofmaterial to liquid 1: 30. The study demonstrates that ultrasound is a reliable and great efficiencytool for the fast extraction of Korean pine seed oil.

Microwave-assisted Extraction of Effective Compounds from Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Ciwujia

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for active ingredients in Ciwujia was studied by using ethanol as the extractant. Comparing MAE with conventional methods, the former can save the extracting time and increase the content of the active ingredients in product. As to the operation in MAE, the continuous radiation process is more convenient for the extraction for traditional Chinese medicine than the intermittent radiation process. Optimized by uniform design, MAE was proved to be an effective and novel process for extracting active ingredients in Ciwujia. The optimized MAE conditions are as follows: the microwave power is 510W, the radiation time 30min, the alcohol concentration at 80%, the ratio of solvent to solid material being 5:1, the soaking time 0.5h, and the herbal particle size is (520±19)μm.

Study on microwave-assisted extraction of coal

The effect of different factors on coal extraction yield-temperature, solvent, coal type and irradiation time were investigated for different China coals under microwave-assisted extraction（MAE）. The results show that the optimum temperature for ethanol, acetone and THF are 393,373 and 373 K respectively and the extraction yield of THF is higher than that of other two solvents under MAE. Extraction with several single organic solvents were conducted for the 5 typical China coals-Shenfu, Tongchuan, Panzhihua, Yitai and Huating coal under microwave-assisted extraction and Soxhlet extraction. Results indicat that extraction yield of ethylenediamine, ethanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran under MAE are all higher than that of Soxhlet extraction and MAE required less time. Tongchuan coal extracts of ethanol and acetone which were extracted by MAE and Soxhlet extraction were analyzed by GC/MS.

Evaluating the performances of accelerated-solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction for determining PCBs, HCHs and DDTs in sediments

Three extraction techniques have been recently used for the quantitative extraction of semi-volatile organic pollutants in sediments, i.e. accelerated solvent extraction （ASE）, microwave assisted extraction （MAE） and ultrasonic assisted extraction （UAE）. However, their extraction efficiencies have rarely been quantitatively compared using rigorous mathematical methods. In this paper, one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） was employed to evaluate the performance of ASE, MAE and UAE in the overall extraction of PCBs, DDTs and HCHs by analysis of their recoveries from the Standard Reference Material IAEA-417, a sediment sample certified by many international laboratories. Conclusions were drawn at a significance level of P〈 0.05. No significant differences were found among the mean values for method recoveries using ASE, MAE and UAE. The mean values for real recoveries using ASE and MAE were nearly identical, but the real recovery using UAE was much lower. The concentrations of all PCBs, DDTs and HCHs except for CB52 and o,p＇-DDT using UAE were the lowest. Comparing the results obtained using ASE with MAE, the concentrations of CB28, CB52, CB138, ct-HCH, [3-HCH, p,p＇-DDE and p,p＇-DDD were nearly identical, while the concentrations of other compounds were significantly different. Based on the low recoveries, it was concluded that UAE is a relatively inefficient extraction method, while ASE and MAE are equivalent methods. Taking into consideration the relative standard deviation （RSD） values, solvent volume, extraction time, and purchasing costs of the apparatus, MAE was considered superior to ASE for extraction of PCBs, DDTs and HCHs.

Noise-assisted MEMD based relevant IMFs identification and EEG classification

Noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition(NA-MEMD) is suitable to analyze multichannel electroencephalography(EEG) signals of non-stationarity and non-linearity natures due to the fact that it can provide a highly localized time-frequency representation.For a finite set of multivariate intrinsic mode functions(IMFs) decomposed by NA-MEMD,it still raises the question on how to identify IMFs that contain the information of inertest in an efficient way,and conventional approaches address it by use of prior knowledge.In this work,a novel identification method of relevant IMFs without prior information was proposed based on NA-MEMD and Jensen-Shannon distance(JSD) measure.A criterion of effective factor based on JSD was applied to select significant IMF scales.At each decomposition scale,three kinds of JSDs associated with the effective factor were evaluated:between IMF components from data and themselves,between IMF components from noise and themselves,and between IMF components from data and noise.The efficacy of the proposed method has been demonstrated by both computer simulations and motor imagery EEG data from BCI competition IV datasets.

Determination of contents of eight alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. from different habitats and antioxidant activities of extracts

A reliable ultrasound-assisted extraction （UAE） method combined with HPLC-UV for quantification of eight active alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata （Willd） R. Br. was developed. The optimization conditions of UAE were obtained by using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Chromatography was carried out using a Kromasil C18 column by gradient elution with 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for HPLC-UV. All calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficients （R^2〉0.999 6） and recoveries （from 97.3% to 104.9%） were acceptable. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） method was employed to test the antioxidant activity of the extract from the samples. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantifying eight components in nine samples of M.cordata, and significant variations of alkaloid contents and antioxidant aetivity of the samples from different habitats were demonstrated. It presents a powerful proof for the selection of the best sources to extract eight kinds of alkaloids.

Optimization of the microwave-assisted extraction of phlorotannins from Saccharina japonica Aresch and evaluation of the inhibitory effects of phlorotannin-containing extracts on HepG2 cancer cells

The use of a microwave-assisted extraction （MAE） method for the extraction ofphlorotannins from Saccharinajaponica Aresch （S.japonica） has been evaluated with particular emphasis on the influential parameters, including the ethanol concentration, solid/liquid ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature, and microwave power. The MAE procedure was optimized using single-factor design and orthogonal array design （OAD）. The content of total phlorotannins in S. japonica was determined using a Folin-Ciocalteu （FC） assay. A maximum total phlorotannin content of 0.644 mg of phloroglucinol equivalent per gram of dry weight plant （mg PGE/g DW） was obtained using the optimized model, which included an ethanol concentration of 55%, solid/liquid ratio of 1：8, extraction time of 25 min, irradiation power of 400 W, and temperature of 60~C. Under similar conditions, the application of a conventional extraction method led to a lower phlorotarmin yield of 0.585 mg PGE/g WD. These results demonstrated that the MAE approach provided better results for the extraction ofphlorotarmins from S.japonica and was a promising technique for the extraction of phenolic compounds from S. japonica and other materials. In addition, screening tests for the inhibitory activity showed that the phlorotannin-containing extracts significantly inhibited the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells （HepG2） by inducing their apoptosis. The morphological changes that occurred during cell apoptosis were characterized using Hoechst33258 staining.

Comparison of Different Extraction Approaches for Heavy Metal Partitioning in Sediment Samples

Three extraction methods, ultrasonic assisted extraction (USE), microwave assisted extraction (MSE), and conventional single extraction (CSE), in conjunction with the modified three-stage BCR sequential extraction procedure (SEP) were applied to examine the contents of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn from lake sediment samples, to know whether these techniques can reduce extraction time and improve reproducibility. The SEP and developed alternative single extrac- tion methods were validated by the analysis of certified reference material BCR 601. By the use of optimized sonication and microwave conditions, steps 1, 2 and 3 of the BCR sequential extraction methods (excluding the hydrogen peroxide digestion in step 3, which was not performed with sonication and microwave) could be completed in 15-30 min and 60- 150 s, respectively. The recoveries of total extractable metal contents in BCR 601, obtained by three single extractions ranged from 93.3%-102%, 88.9%-104% and 81.2%-96.2% for CSE, USE and MSE, respectively. The precision of the single extraction methods was found in the range of 3.7%-9.4% for all metals (n = 6).

Microwave assisted-semi bionic extraction of lignan compounds from Fructus Forsythiae by orthogonal design

Microwave assisted-semi bionic extraction (MASBE) process for lignans from Fructus Forsythiae was studied. The influences of solvent pH value, microwave power, dosage of solvent and irradiation time were investigated. Optimum extracting parameters were determined by orthogonal experiments as follows: pH value of solvent at first extraction is 5.5-6.0, that at the second extraction is 7-8; microwave power is 700 W; mass ratio of Fructus Forsythiae to water is 1-12; irradiation time is 10 min, and extracting times is two. Under these optimal conditions, the yield of lignans reaches 0.364%. Compared with the conventional extraction methods, the MASBE process has the advantages of high extraction rate, high extraction selectivity.

Optimization of enzyme assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum

In the present work,an enzyme assisted extraction method is used to isolate crude polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum. The isolating effect was optimized with orthographic graph statistic method with three levels and four independent variables. Complex enzyme,extraction temperature,extraction time and extraction pH were combined to obtain the best possible combination to get maximum amount of extract and crude polysaccharides yield. The optimum extraction conditions were:complex enzyme amount of 3 %(w/v),extraction temperature at 45 ℃,extraction time of 3 h and extraction pH at 7. Under these conditions,the experimental amount of extract is 8.9 % and the yield of crude polysaccharides is 1.1 %,which are in close agreement with the value predicted by the model.

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of pectin from chaenomeles

Ultrasound was applied for the extraction of pectin from chaenomeles. The content of pectin was evaluated by carbazole colorimetric method. Based on the results of the single factor experiment and the orthogonal tests, the optimum extraction parameters are as follows: the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:4 g/m L, the ultrasonic power is 320 W, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction temperature is 60 °C, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction time is 50 min, and p H value is 2.0. Compared with acid hydrolyze methods, the extraction time of the present technique decreases from 70 min to 50 min, and the extraction yield increases from 1.39% to 2.61%. The results show that ultrasonic-assisted extraction is time-saving and highly efficient, so it provides a new way to extract pectin from chaenomeles.

Optimization of the Extraction Technology of Chlorogenic Acid from Sunflower Meal Using Response Surface Methodology

[ Objective] To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of chlorogenic acid from sunflower meal. [ Method] Based on the sin-gle-factor test, the extraction factors of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time were optimized using the response surface methodology with the extraction rate of chlorogenic acid as the response value. [ Result] The optimum extraction conditions of chlorogenic acid from sunflower meal were 57% of ethanol concentration, 39 min of extraction time, 53 ~C of extraction temperature, 100 W of ultrasonic power, 1 ： 14 （ g/ ml） of solid-liquid ratio and one time of extraction. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of chlorogenic acid was 2.25%. [ Conclusion] Ultra-sonic assisted extraction method has high extraction rate but short time, the study provides a theoretical basis for the industrialized production of chlorogenic acid in sunflower meal.

Ultrasound-assisted Enzymatic Extraction of SDF on Passion Fruit Seeds

Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of soluble dietary fiber(SDF) from passion fruit seeds was carried out in order to shorten the extraction time and increase the yield of SDF. The effects of cellulase concentration, ultrasonic power, extraction temperature, solid-liquid ratio and water bath time on the SDF yield of passion fruit were studied by single factor analysis. And the orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the extraction conditions. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the extraction of SDF from passion fruit by ultrasoundassisted enzymatic method were cellulase concentration 1.5%, ultrasonic power 120 W, solid-liquid ratio(g/mL) 1 ∶ 15, extraction temperature 55 ℃, and water bath time 160 min. The SDF extraction rate was determined to be 5.12%.

Assessment of Triazine Herbicides in Soil by Microwave-assisted Extraction Followed by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Detection

An alternative and fast method for the analysis of a mixture of nine triazines herbicides in soil is presented. The method is based on MAE （microwave-assisted extraction） of herbicides using ethyl acetate as extractant. The economy in the use of solvents coupled with the decrease in extraction time and lower power consumption make MAE a technique that meets the principles of green chemistry. MAE operational parameters, extraction time, mass of the sample and extraction temperature, were optimized by RSM （response surface methodology）. Determination of analytes was completed using gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometry detection. The selected triazines could be efficiently extracted by the solvent at 80 ℃ for 10 min, with 80% output of maximum power. When the optimized method was applied to analysis samples, the recoveries of analytes ranged from 81.8 to 106.0% and relative standard deviations were lower than 8.41%. The method is stable and reasonable, which can be used for the determination of ninetriazine herbicides residues in soil.

Comparison of the antitumor activity of polysaccharides extracted by boiling water and enzyme assistance from Ganoderma lucidum

Polysaccharides are the most important pharmacologically active constituents of Ganoderma lucidum. In this work, polysaccharides were extracted from Ganoderma lucidum with boiling water method and enzyme assisted method. The human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was used to compare the an- titumor effect of the two kinds of extraction with 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） test. Both of these two kinds of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides reduced cell viability of cancer cell HepG2 in a dose and time-dependent manner. At low concentrations, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of L 1 and L2; while at concentrations over 0.8 ug/mL, the difference in the effectiveness of L2 in comparison to L1 became significant. At the concentrations of 3.2 ug/mL, the cancer cells were almost killed in 2 d.