大气探测红外分光辐射计Ⅱ型模样

报道了大气探测红外分光辐射计Ⅱ型(ASIS-2)模样,它具有20个通道,可以从卫星探测大气温度廓线和水汽垂直分布.它与美国TIROS-N/NOAA气象卫星上的高分辨率红外辐射探测仪(HIRS)相比,在光学、电子学和机械等方面都作了改进.其仪器灵敏度优于HIRS-1仪器,而与HIRS-2接近.它具有可增加2个红外通道和多个可见光通道的潜力.

瞬态分光辐射仪在烟火药剂燃烧性能参数测量中的应用

简要地介绍了瞬态分光辐射仪的结构及测量原理。用该仪器测量了军用黑药、绿光剂、黄光剂、燃烧剂、曳光剂等几种药剂燃烧过程的相对辐射功率分布、色度参数（主波长、色温、显色指数）和发光强度等主要物理参数。

SR-3A分光辐射计在平板显示器性能测试中的应用

SR-3A分光辐射计是日本Topcon公司生产的专门用于光线辐射度、亮度、色度测量的仪器。本文首先介绍了SR-3A分光辐射计的基本技术规格、仪器硬件组成和配套处理软件,然后从应用角度出发介绍了仪器使用前的调整和内部参数设置方法。最后,参考863平板显示器性能测试标准并以aigoF518液晶显示器为例,介绍了SR-3A分光辐射计在平板显示器测试方面的应用,分析了在平板显示器性能测试中存在的问题。

采用CCD器件的分光辐射计

国际照明公司制造出一种型号为IL RPS900的分光辐射计，该辐射计采用具有专利滤波技术的2048元CCD器件以达到高速和高灵敏度。这种分光辐射计的光谱测量范围为200nm-1100nm，分辨率为1nm，转换精度为16bit，灵敏度>10^-5W／cm^2／nm，并提供可由用户控制到25ms的积分时间。除此之外，该辐射计还配有一个USB接口和能够执行程控预定时间测量、

分光辐射仪及其应用

在评价光源、显示器、薄膜和光纤系统时，测量光的强度和颜色是一个很重要的手段。最初是采用一个光度计或色度计配合使用一系列手控开关滤色片，现在用分光辐射仪测量光谱能量并计算光强和颜色，使这些参数的测量变得非常简单。

多功能多场景应用辐射定标光源光学系统设计

目前空间遥感相机地面标定设备缺乏对各种谱线分布的精确模拟以及无法实现同时进行宽带和窄带的光谱辐射定标,导致空间遥感相机地面辐射定标精度低、宽带和窄带定标过程漫长复杂、无法实现多谱段光谱范围辐射定标测试。针对上述难题,提出一种基于前置准直扩束系统凹柱面光栅的光谱辐射定标系统的设计方法,针对凹柱面光栅的场曲特性,设计了楔形场曲补偿棱镜,并通过准直扩束系统减小系统的成像视场,提高凹柱面光栅分光系统的光谱分辨率,将整个系统的光谱分辨率提升了1倍多,由5 nm提升至2 nm。最后,对系统性能进行了测试,测试结果表明在宽带模式下,实现了500~900 nm光谱范围内3 000 K、6 400 K和9 000 K色温模拟,模拟误差优于5%;在窄带模式下,系统输出光束半峰宽度小于3 nm;在多谱段模式下,等能光谱的光谱模拟误差分别为545~600 nm处1.1%、630~690 nm处2.5%、680~725 nm处1.5%。所设计的系统满足空间相机、姿态导航系统以及遥感仪器的宽带、窄带辐射定标和多功能测试标定需求。

基于归一化差值植被指数的极端干旱气象对西南地区生态系统影响遥感分析

以年际同期归一化差值植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)作为评价指标,分析极端干旱气象对西南地区生态系统影响的时空分布特征,提出旱灾可能造成的生态影响及应采取的管理和科研措施.结果表明:2009年8月—2010年3月,西南地区的生态系统受极端干旱天气影响显著,威胁程度呈上升趋势;贵州、广西和云南三省(自治区)受干旱影响的生态系统面积先后超过各省份生态系统总面积的80%,生态系统强度变差区集中在云南的中东部、贵州西南部和广西西北部等地区;农田生态系统受损严重,农作物大面积枯死或绝收;大量水库、池塘干涸,河流水位明显下降,部分河流断流,危及水生生物生存;自然植被影响明显,植被生长明显受到抑制,干热河谷地带和岩溶地形区域植被大面积退化,威胁当地生物多样性.

微波法溶解废旧锌-锰电池正极活性物中锰的溶解条件的研究

用盐酸-过氧化氢混合溶剂溶解废旧干电池正极活性物,用微波炉加热后,锰可定量留在溶液中,用高碘酸钾 加热显色光度法测定锰的含量。适宜的溶解条件:盐酸浓度2mol／L,加热时间60s,过氧化氢浓度3％,微波炉火力20％,固液比 0.2g:12ml。

Flame radiant image numeralization for pulverized coal combustion in BF raceway

In order to establish correlativity between pulverized coal combustion in a blast furnace raceway and its radiant image, we investigated the relationships between two dimensional radiant images and three dimensional radiant energy in a blast furnace raceway, focusing on the correlativity of the numerical simulation of combustion processes with the connection of radiant images information and space temperature distribution. We calculated the uneven radiate characteristic parameterby taking radiant images as a kind of radiative boundary for numerical simulation of combustion processes, and put fonward a method to examine three-dimensional temperatures distribution in blast furnace raceway by radiant image processing. The numeral temperature fields matching the real combustion can be got by the numeric image processing technique.

Identification of Intermediates in Pyridine Pyrolysis with Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometry and Tunable Synchrotron VUV Photoionization

The pyrolysis of pyridine （5.26% pyridine in argon） was performed with tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization and molecular-beam mass spectrometry technique at the temperature range of 1255-1765 K at 267 Pa. About 20 products and intermediates, containing major species H2, HCN, C2H2, C5H3N, C4H2, and C3H3N, were identified by near-threshold measurements of photoionization mass spectra and their mole fractions vs. temperatures were estimated. The major reaction pathways are analyzed based on the experimental observations.

Volume-conserved Twist Excited State of π-Conjugated Molecules

The excited state characters of HY103 have been studied by means of time-resolved photon emission （time-correlated single photon counting） and time dependent density functional theory calculations. The experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that HY103 dyes undergo an efficient one-bond-flip motion after photoexicitation at room temperature, which leads to a very short lifetime of the normM fluorescence state, and a weak fluorescence emission around 670 am. However, when HY103 are excited in amorphous glasses at 77 K, the normal fluorescence emission is prolonged to nanoseconds time scale about 2 ns, and the fluorescence emission is enhanced. Furthermore, a new emission state is produced, which is characterized as a volume-conserved twisted （VCT） state. This is the first observation of a VCT state. The experiment indicates that the VCT motion of excited state of π-conjugated molecules in restricted environment can form a stable emission state, and the excited state character of π-conjugated molecules in restricted environment is complex.

Description of the Mueller Matrix for Multiple Scatteringat 90°

Mueller matrix elements are presented represen ting scatter to 90° from an incident polarized laser beam. The cases considered include five particle sizes (such as l.24 μm, 0.494 μm, 0.36 μm, 0.123 μm, and 0.065 μm), two concentr ations (such as 0.002 5% and 0.005% by volume), and three detector depths (such as 0, l.5 cm, and 3 cm into the scat tering volume). If the magnitudes of the elements can be rounded off to the near est 0.01, a particle size dependence is described by the resulting average mat rices, which is only two matrices for d >0.22 μm and d <0.22 μm which are nonsingular and asymmetric, respectively.

Construction of an operando dual-beam fourier transform infrared spectrometer and its application in the observation of isobutene reactions over nano-sized HZSM-5 zeolite

An operando dual‐beam Fourier transform infrared (DB‐FTIR) spectrometer was successfully developed using a facile method. The DB‐FTIR spectrometer is suitable for the real‐time study of the dynamic surface processes involved in gas/solid heterogeneous catalysis under real reaction conditionsbecause it can simultaneously collect reference and sample spectra. The influence of gas‐phasemolecular vibration and heat irradiation at real reaction temperatures can therefore be eliminated.The DB‐FTIR spectrometer was successfully used to follow the transformation of isobutene over nano‐sized HZSM‐5 zeolite under real reaction conditions.

Modeling Gross Primary Production by Integrating Satellite Data and Coordinated Flux Measurements in Arid and Semi-Arid China

Assessing large-scale patterns of gross primary production (GPP) in arid and semi-arid (ASA) areas is important for both scientific and practical purposes.Remote sensing-based models,which integrate satellite data with input from ground-based meteorological measurements and vegetation characteristics,improve spatially extended estimates of vegetation productivity with high accuracy.In this study,the authors simulated GPP in ASA areas by integrating moderate resolution imaging spectral radiometer (MODIS) data with eddy covariance and meteorological measurements at the flux tower sites using the Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM),which is a remote sensing-based model for analyzing the spatial pattern of GPP in different land cover types.The field data were collected by coordinating observations at nine stations in 2008.The results indicate that in the region during the growing season GPP was highest in cropland sites,second highest in woodland sites,and lowest in grassland sites.VPM captured the temporal and spatial characteristics of GPP for different land covers in ASA areas.Further,Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) had a strong liner relationship with GPP in densely vegetated areas,while the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) had a strong liner relationship with GPP over less dense vegetation.This study demonstrates the potential of satellite-driven models for scaling-up GPP,which is a key component for studying the carbon cycle at regional and global scales.

Cloud Top Height Retrieval Using Polarizing Remote Sensing Data of POLDER

A retrieval method of cloud top heights using polarizing remote sensing is proposed in this paper. Using the vector radiative transfer model in a coupled atmosphere-ocean system, the factors influencing the upwelling linear polarizing radiance at top-of-atmosphere are analyzed, which show that the upwelling linear polarizing radiance varies remarkably with the cloud top height, but has negligible sensitivity with cloud albedo and aerosol scattering above the cloud layer. Based on this property, a cloud top height retrieval algorithm using polarizing remote sensing was developed. The algorithm has been applied to the polarizing remote sensing data of Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances-2 (POLDER-2). The retrieved cloud top height from POLDER-2 compares well with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) operational product with a bias of 0.83 km and standard deviation of 1.56 km.

Biocidal Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Ecology of Filamentous Fungal Populations Associated with Stone Deterioration

This study focused on the identification of the filamentous fungi associated with soapstone samples exposed to outdoor conditions and the biocidal effect of gamma radiations on isolated fungal populations in Minas Gerais State in Brazil. Two soapstone blocks were placed outdoors under tropical environmental conditions for 12 months. A total of 9 filamentous fungal populations were identified on their surfaces, namely Acremomium （cf.） alternatum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillusfumigatus, Calcarisporium （cf.） arbuscula, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium equiseti and Penicillium citrinum. The gamma radiation assay was then carried out as a test of biocidal action by exposing all fungal populations to the ionizing radiation. The results showed that only the C. cladosporioides species was resistant to this biocidal agent, since it was able to increase its population post exposure. Scanning electron microscopy images identified the microbial colonization on the soapstone blocks and the stone elementar composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. After treatment, there was no structural and aesthetic alteration in the soapstone samples, and evidencing that gamma radiation can be used as a biocidal agent. However, the resistance of the black fungal population indicates caution in the choice of gamma irradiation as biocidal treatment.

Stepwise decomposition and relative radiometric normalization for small footprint LiDAR waveform

As an advanced generation instrument of earth observation,small footprint full waveform light detection and ranging(LiDAR) technology has been widely used in the past few years.Decomposition and radiative correction is an important step in waveform data processing,it influences the accuracy of both information extraction and further applications.Based on a stepwise strategy,this study adopts Gaussian mixture model to approximate the LiDAR waveform.In addition to waveform decomposition,a relative correction model is proposed in this paper,the model considers the transmit pulses as well as the different of the travel path for implementing LiDAR waveform relative correction.Validation of the stepwise decomposition and relative correction model are carried out on LiDAR waveform acquired over Zhangye,China.The results indicate that stepwise decomposition identified the number of peaks in LiDAR waveforms,center position and width of each peak well.The relative radiometric correction also improves the similarity of waveforms which acquired at the same target.

Spatial and seasonal characterization of net primary productivity and climate variables in southeastern China using MODIS data

We developed a sophisticated method to depict the spatial and seasonal characterization of net primary productivity (NPP) and climate variables. The role of climate variability in the seasonal variation of NPP exerts delayed and continuous effects. This study expands on this by mapping the seasonal characterization of NPP and climate variables from space using geographic information system (GIS) technology at the pixel level. Our approach was developed in southeastern China using moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The results showed that air temperature,precipitation and sunshine percentage contributed significantly to seasonal variation of NPP. In the northern portion of the study area,a significant positive 32-d lagged correlation was observed between seasonal variation of NPP and climate (P<0.01),and the influences of changing climate on NPP lasted for 48 d or 64 d. In central southeastern China,NPP showed 16-d,48-d,and 96-d lagged correlation with air temperature,precipitation,and sunshine percentage,respectively (P<0.01); the influences of air temperature and precipitation on NPP lasted for 48 d or 64 d,while sunshine influence on NPP only persisted for 16 d. Due to complex topography and vegetation distribution in the southern part of the study region,the spatial patterns of vegetation-climate relationship became complicated and diversiform,especially for precipitation influences on NPP. In the northern part of the study area,all vegetation NPP had an almost similar response to seasonal variation of air temperature except for broad crops. The impacts of seasonal variation of precipitation and sunshine on broad and cereal crop NPP were slightly different from other vegetation NPP.

Recent advance in porous coordination polymers from the viewpoint of crystalline-state transformation

Recently,research of crystalline-state transformation involving the removal/inclusion of guest molecules in porous coordination polymers(PCPs) was underway.Crystalline-state transformation,especially,single-crystal to single-crystal(SC-SC) transformation as new method for the direct observation of host-guest chemistry,can reveal the intrinsic relevance and interaction between the framework and guest molecules.This review describes our work concerning PCPs and recent investigations of others,within the last four years,from the viewpoint of crystalline-state transformations of PCPs on guest removal or inclusion processes.Ligand substitution reaction and postsynthetic modification of PCPs in SC-SC fashion which were distinguished from conventional crystalline-state transformation triggered by guest removal or exchange were highlighted in this review.The research status of crystalline-state transformation in China was briefly introduced as well.Series of structure analysis techniques including single-crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,neutron diffraction,inelastic neutron scattering as well as the application of synchrotron radiation light source will inevitably promote the advance of study of crystalline-state transformation.And as a hotspot,deep investigations of crystalline-state transformation also help us to overcome the challenge of achieving multifunction and the correlation among them,such as sorption,magnetism,optical or electrical properties simultaneously in PCPs and contribute to design stimulate-oriented porous intelligent materials in the future.

Enhanced Fabry-Perot resonance in GaAs nanowires through local field enhancement and surface passivation

We report substantial improvements in the photoluminescence （PL） efficiency and Fabry-Perot （FP） resonance of individual GaAs nanowires through surface passivation and local field enhancement, enabling FP peaks to be observed even at room temperature. For bare GaAs nanowires, strong FP resonance peaks can be observed at 4 K, but not at room temperature. However, depositing the nanowires on gold substrates leads to substantial enhancement in the PL intensity （5X） and 3.7X to infinite enhancement of FP peaks. Finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） simulations show that the gold substrate enhances the PL spectra predominately through enhanced absorption （11X） rather than enhanced emission （1.3X）, predicting a total PL enhancement of 14X in the absence of non-radiative recombination. Despite the increased intensity of the FP peaks, lower Q factors are observed due to losses associated with the underlying gold substrate. As a means of reducing the non-radiative recombination in these nanowires, the surface states in the nanowires can be passivated by either an ionic liquid （1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis（trifluoromethylsulfonyl）imide （EMIM TFSI）） or an A1GaAs surface layer to achieve up to 12X enhancement of the photoluminescence intensity and observation of FP peaks at room temperature without a gold substrate.