高温烟气中半透明水滴蒸发的辐射热特性研究

喷雾水滴蒸发在高温工业烟气降温除尘中广泛应用,半透明水滴内部吸收辐射热流对蒸发传质的贡献及内部辐射传热模型的研究,成为本领域的难点问题之一。依据简化的工况,综合考虑水滴内部环流、随温度变化的热物性以及Stefan流等因素,采用两种辐射吸收模型,通过几何光学近似解析求解水滴内部导热内热源功率,并从热辐射吸收功率、瞬态温度分布等方面对高温环境中半透明水滴的辐射特性开展研究。结果表明,半透明水滴对高温烟气热辐射有较强的选择吸收特性;吸收分布模型能更精确地反映水滴内部能量分布特点;研究工况下,两种辐射模型对液滴寿命预测结果相差小于2%;不计辐射将造成预测的水滴寿命10%以上的较大误差。

Effects of thermal transport properties on temperature distribution within silicon wafer

A combined conduction and radiation heat transfer model was used to simulate the heat transfer within wafer and investigate the effect of thermal transport properties on temperature non-uniformity within wafer surface. It is found that the increased conductivities in both doped and undoped regions help reduce the temperature difference across the wafer surface. However, the doped layer conductivity has little effect on the overall temperature distribution and difference. The temperature level and difference on the top surface drop suddenly when absorption coefficient changes from 104 to 103 m-1. When the absorption coefficient is less or equal to 103 m-1, the temperature level and difference do not change much. The emissivity has the dominant effect on the top surface temperature level and difference. Higher surface emissivity can easily increase the temperature level of the wafer surface. After using the improved property data, the overall temperature level reduces by about 200 K from the basis case. The results will help improve the current understanding of the energy transport in the rapid thermal processing and the wafer temperature monitor and control level.

Assimilating ASAR Data for Estimating Soil Moisture Profile Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter

Active microwave remote sensing data were used to calculate the near-surface soil moisture in the vegetated areas.In this study,Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar(ASAR)observations of surface soil moisture content were used in a data assimilation framework to improve the estimation of the soil moisture profile at the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin,Northwest China.A one-dimensional soil moisture assimilation system based on the ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF),the forward radiative transfer model,crop model,and the Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model(DHSVM)was developed.The crop model,as a semi-empirical model,was used to estimate the surface backscattering of vegetated areas.The DHSVM is a distributed hydrology-vegetation model that explicitly represents the effects of topography and vegetation on water fluxes through the landscape.Numerical experiments were conducted to assimilate the ASAR data into the DHSVM and in situ soil moisture at the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin from June20 to July 15,2008.The results indicated that EnKF is effective for assimilating ASAR observations into the hydrological model.Compared with the simulation and in situ observations,the assimilated results were significantly improved in the surface layer and root layer,and the soil moisture varied slightly in the deep layer.Additionally,EnKF is an efficient approach to handle the strongly nonlinear problem which is practical and effective for soil moisture estimation by assimilation of remote sensing data.Moreover,to improve the assimilation results,further studies on obtaining more reliable forcing data and model parameters and increasing the efficiency and accuracy of the remote sensing observations are needed,also improving estimation accuracy of model operator is important.