辐照淀粉与聚丙烯酰胺共煮糊化特性

淀粉经γ-射线辐照后将产生过氧化物和自由基,在其与聚丙烯酰胺共煮糊化的产物中,通过红外光谱分析检测出接枝反应的产物,这种接枝反应可能与过氧化物的分解以及聚丙烯酰胺的霍夫曼反应有关。同时,不同的糊化条件能使浆液的特征粘度发生变化,高压煮浆使浆液具有更高的粘度,但是相同糊化条件下浆液的粘度性能稳定。

热塑性辐照玉米淀粉薄膜的制备及表征

为了提高热塑性淀粉基薄膜的力学性能,采用0、10、20、30、40、50 kGy 6个剂量的^(60)Co-γ射线对玉米淀粉进行辐照处理,研究辐照对玉米淀粉结构、颗粒尺寸的影响;并以辐照玉米淀粉为原材料,采用挤出造粒、熔融吹塑法制备热塑性辐照玉米淀粉薄膜,研究辐照剂量对热塑性薄膜力学性能、表面形貌的影响。结果表明,^(60)Co-γ射线能够有效破坏玉米淀粉分子内、分子间氢键,降低玉米淀粉的刚性;能够有效减小玉米淀粉的颗粒尺寸,增加玉米淀粉的加工流动性。随着辐照剂量的增加,热塑性辐照玉米淀粉薄膜的力学性能不断增加;未熔融颗粒不断减少,表面形貌更加均匀、平整。综合考虑热塑性辐照玉米淀粉薄膜的力学性能和钴源能耗,40kGy剂量辐照的玉米淀粉制备的热塑性淀粉基降解薄膜更具有实用价值。本研究结果为辐照玉米淀粉制造热塑性降解薄膜提供了理论依据和实际参考。

Improvement of Rice （Oryza sativa L.） var. Ciherang and Cempo Ireng Productivity Using Gamma Irradiation

Rice is the source of important food in the world. The demand of rice tends to increase every year, thus research to increase genetic variation of rice by gamma irradiation has been conducted. This research aimed to study the influence of gamma irradiation doses on the vegetative growth, yield and quality. The randomized completely block design was used with two factors --gamma irradiation doses and varieties. Two rice varieties were Ciherang and Cempo Ireng, while doses of gamma irradiation consisted of six levels： 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 Gy. The results indicated that the treatment of 200 Gy gamma irradiation to Ciherang could improve the number of grains/panicle, protein content, degraded plant height and amylose contents. Gamma irradiation to Cempo Ireng at dose of 200 Gy could improve the number of grains/panicle, 1,000 grain weight, while it decreased days to 50% heading and plant harvest age.