Bilateral ureteral obstruction in children is a rare condition arising from several medical or surgical pictures.It needs to be promptly suspected in order to attempt a quick renal function recovery.In this paper we c...Bilateral ureteral obstruction in children is a rare condition arising from several medical or surgical pictures.It needs to be promptly suspected in order to attempt a quick renal function recovery.In this paper we concentrated on uncommon causes of obstruction,with the aim of giving a summary of such multiple,rare and heterogeneous conditions joint together by the common denominator of sudden bilateral ureteral obstruction,difficult to be suspected at times.Conversely,typical and well-known diseases have been just run over.We considered pediatric cases of ureteral obstruction presenting as bilateral,along with some cases which truly appeared as single-sided,because of their potential bilateral presentation.We performed a review of the literature by a search on Pub Med,Cross Ref Metadata Search,internet and reference lists of single articles updated to May 2014,with no time limits in the past.Given that we deal with rare conditions,we decided to include also papers in non-English languages,published with an English abstract.For the sake of clearness,we divided our research results into 8 categories:(1) urolithiasis;(2) congenital urinary tract malformations;(3) immuno-rheumatologic causes of ureteral obstruction;(4) ureteral localization of infections;(5) other systemic infective causes of ureteral obstructions;(6) neoplastic intrinsic ureteral obstructions;(7) extrinsic ureteralobstructions; and(8) iatrogenic trigonal obstruction or inflammation.Of course,different pathogenic mechanisms underlay those clinical pictures,partly wellknown and partly not completely understood.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid A and C component molecules,which are involved in drug compatibility,on inflammatory cytokine expression that affects human chemokine ligand 5(CCL5) and chemokin...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid A and C component molecules,which are involved in drug compatibility,on inflammatory cytokine expression that affects human chemokine ligand 5(CCL5) and chemokine ligand 10(CXCL10)levels in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).METHODS:Fifty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal,model,salvianolic acid A,salvianolic acid C and salvianolic acid A and C groups.The normal group was used as the control,and the other groups of rats had a UUO model established.The control group had free access to food and water,and the other groups received the corresponding drugs for 2 weeks.After the last administration,urine β_2-microglobulin(β_2-MG) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) levels were analyzed.After 24 h,all rats were sacrificed and the serum was analyzed for creatinine(Cr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) levels.Rat kidneys were removed,and CCL5 and CXCL10 inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression was measured using real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Kidney fibrosis was observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Masson trichrome staining.RESULTS:In the salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid C treatment groups,serum Cr and urine NAG levels were significantly lower than in the model group(both P < 0.05).In all treatment groups,urine pYMG levels were significantly lower than in the model group(all P < 0.05).Compared with model group,the pathological changes and collagen deposition improved to varying degrees(both P <0.05).CCL5 and CXCL10 mRNA expression decreased to different degrees compared with the model group(both P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Salvianolic acid A and C are component molecules of drug compatibility,and they may protect renal function and improve tubular function and renal pathology to a certain degree in UUO.This improvement may be related to a reduction in inflammatory cytokines CCL5 and CXCL10 secretion in the UUO rat kidney.展开更多
文摘Bilateral ureteral obstruction in children is a rare condition arising from several medical or surgical pictures.It needs to be promptly suspected in order to attempt a quick renal function recovery.In this paper we concentrated on uncommon causes of obstruction,with the aim of giving a summary of such multiple,rare and heterogeneous conditions joint together by the common denominator of sudden bilateral ureteral obstruction,difficult to be suspected at times.Conversely,typical and well-known diseases have been just run over.We considered pediatric cases of ureteral obstruction presenting as bilateral,along with some cases which truly appeared as single-sided,because of their potential bilateral presentation.We performed a review of the literature by a search on Pub Med,Cross Ref Metadata Search,internet and reference lists of single articles updated to May 2014,with no time limits in the past.Given that we deal with rare conditions,we decided to include also papers in non-English languages,published with an English abstract.For the sake of clearness,we divided our research results into 8 categories:(1) urolithiasis;(2) congenital urinary tract malformations;(3) immuno-rheumatologic causes of ureteral obstruction;(4) ureteral localization of infections;(5) other systemic infective causes of ureteral obstructions;(6) neoplastic intrinsic ureteral obstructions;(7) extrinsic ureteralobstructions; and(8) iatrogenic trigonal obstruction or inflammation.Of course,different pathogenic mechanisms underlay those clinical pictures,partly wellknown and partly not completely understood.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Intervention Effect of Compatibility of Salvianolic Acid A,B,C on PDGF-C/PDGFR-A Signaling Pathway in Renal Fibrosis,No.81260603)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid A and C component molecules,which are involved in drug compatibility,on inflammatory cytokine expression that affects human chemokine ligand 5(CCL5) and chemokine ligand 10(CXCL10)levels in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).METHODS:Fifty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal,model,salvianolic acid A,salvianolic acid C and salvianolic acid A and C groups.The normal group was used as the control,and the other groups of rats had a UUO model established.The control group had free access to food and water,and the other groups received the corresponding drugs for 2 weeks.After the last administration,urine β_2-microglobulin(β_2-MG) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) levels were analyzed.After 24 h,all rats were sacrificed and the serum was analyzed for creatinine(Cr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) levels.Rat kidneys were removed,and CCL5 and CXCL10 inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression was measured using real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Kidney fibrosis was observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Masson trichrome staining.RESULTS:In the salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid C treatment groups,serum Cr and urine NAG levels were significantly lower than in the model group(both P < 0.05).In all treatment groups,urine pYMG levels were significantly lower than in the model group(all P < 0.05).Compared with model group,the pathological changes and collagen deposition improved to varying degrees(both P <0.05).CCL5 and CXCL10 mRNA expression decreased to different degrees compared with the model group(both P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Salvianolic acid A and C are component molecules of drug compatibility,and they may protect renal function and improve tubular function and renal pathology to a certain degree in UUO.This improvement may be related to a reduction in inflammatory cytokines CCL5 and CXCL10 secretion in the UUO rat kidney.
