雷击输电线路上行先导起始与发展特性模拟试验研究

上行先导是分析雷电绕击输电线路的关键因素之一,由于雷电放电的随机性,鲜有输电线路上行先导的直接影像资料,因而上行先导是否存在是电力系统防雷研究的一个热点。现有的上行先导仿真计算模型主要由棒-板及热力学的结论间接推导所得,缺乏实际输电线路的实验依据。在昆明国家特高压实验基地对输电线路上行先导起始及其发展特性开展了模拟试验研究,经过仿真分析,设计并采用5～8m的板棒-线间隙进行模拟试验,施加最高达3.6MV、200/2 000μs波前的冲击电压,利用最高拍摄速度为106帧/s的高速摄像机对放电过程的放电形态进行观测,利用3dB带宽范围为0～6.5MHz的同轴分流器进行了电流测量。通过500余次试验及其结果分析,发现在该试验条件下,导线和地线上明显有上行先导产生,其发展速度约为1.2～3cm/μs,与正极性操作波下棒-板间隙放电的先导速度基本一致。仿真分析发现,大多数自然雷情况下,输电线路临界半径处场强高于上行先导起始场强的时间比该文试验工况中更长,因此推断自然雷击输电线的过程中上行先导是很有可能存在的。

Electromagnetic Environmental Impact of 500-kV Double -Circuit Transmission Lines

The strength of the power frequency electric intensity and magnetic field of the 500-kV double circuit transmission lines was calculated by using the equivalent charge method and the Ampere's Law, and the environmental impact factors of the fields were evaluated. By optimizing the phase sequence, the frequency electric intensity and magnetic field strength can be reduced. Within a distance of 25 m from the center of the transmission line, the power frequency electric intensity and magnetic field strength fall off sharply with the distance increase. Finally, the best phase sequence and the minimum ground clearance of the transmission lines were obtained to meet the requirements of the least impact on envionment.