AIM: To compare the effect of oral erythromycin vs no preparation with prokinetics on the transit time and the image quality of capsule endoscopy (CE) in evaluating small bowel (SB) pathology. METHODS: We conducted a ...AIM: To compare the effect of oral erythromycin vs no preparation with prokinetics on the transit time and the image quality of capsule endoscopy (CE) in evaluating small bowel (SB) pathology. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, blinded (to the type of preparation) review of 100 CE studies, 50 with no preparation with prokinetics from one medical center (Group A) and 50 from another center with administration of a single dose of 200 mg oral erythromycin 1 h prior to CE (Group B). Gastric, SB and total transit times were calculated, the presence of bile in the duodenum was scored, as was cleanliness within the proximal, middle and distal intestine. RESULTS: The erythromycin group had a slightly shorter gastric transit time (21 min vs 28 min, with no statistical significance). SB transit time was similar for both groups (all P > 0.05). Total transit time was almost identical in both groups. The rate of incomplete examination was 16% for Group A and 10% for Group B (P = 0.37). Bile and cleanliness scores in different parts of the intestine were similar for the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Preparation for capsule endoscopy with erythromycin does not affect SB or total transit time. It tends to reduce gastric transit time, but it does not increase the cecum-reaching rate. Erythromycin does not adversely affect image quality. We consider the routine use of oral erythromycin preparation as being unjustified, although it might be considered in patients with known prolonged gastric emptying time.展开更多
Rivers often witness non-uniform bed load sedim ent transport. For a long tim e, non-uniform bed load transport has been assum ed to be at capacity regime determined exclusively by local flow. Yet whether the capacity...Rivers often witness non-uniform bed load sedim ent transport. For a long tim e, non-uniform bed load transport has been assum ed to be at capacity regime determined exclusively by local flow. Yet whether the capacity assumption for non-uniform bed load transport is justified remains poorly understood. Here, the relative time scale of non-uniform bed load transport is evaluated and non-capacity and capacity models are compared for both aggradation and degradation cases with observed data. As characterized by its relative time scale, the adaptation of non-uniform bed load to capacity regime should be fulfilled quickly. However, changes in the flow and sedim ent inputs from upstream or tributaries hinder the adaptation. Also, the adaptation to capacity regime is size dependent, the finer the sediment size the slower the adaptation is, and vice versa. It is shown that the capacity model may entail considerable errors compared to the non-capacity model. For modelling of non-uniform bed load, non-capacity modelling is recommended, in which the temporal and spatial scales required for adaptation are explicitly appreciated.展开更多
Study of the major Asian rivers discharge to the ocean reveals variations of their water discharges and sediment loads, and local characteristics of river sediment concentrations. On the basis of this, the Asian river...Study of the major Asian rivers discharge to the ocean reveals variations of their water discharges and sediment loads, and local characteristics of river sediment concentrations. On the basis of this, the Asian rivers fall into three regions, including Eurasia Arctic, East Asia, Southeast and South Asia Regions. The Eurasia Arctic Region is characterized by the lowest sediment concentration and load, while the East Asia Region is of the highest sediment concentration and higher sediment load, and the South-East and South Asia Region yields higher sediment concentration and highest sediment load.The sediment loads of these regions are mainly controlled by climate, geomorphology and tectonic activity. The Eurasia Arctic rivers with large basin areas and water discharge, drain low relief which consists of tundra sediment, thus causing the lowest sediment load. The East Asia rivers with small basin areas and lowest water discharges, drain extensive loess plateau, and transport most erodible loess material, which results in highest sediment concentration. The SE and South Asia rivers originating from the Tibet Plateau have large basin areas and the largest water discharges because of the Summer Monsoon and high rainfall influence, causing the highest sediment load.In Asia, tectonic motion of the Tibet Plateau plays an important role. Those large rivers originating from the Tibet Plateau transport about 50% of the world river sediment load to ocean annually, forming large estuaries and deltas, and consequently exerting a great influence on sedimentation in the coastal zone and shelves.展开更多
Fast resources discovery and high Quality of Service(QoS) guarantee are the key determinants for efficient Mobile P2P(MP2P) video sharing.In this paper,we propose a CrossLayer and One-Hop Neighbour-Assisted Video Shar...Fast resources discovery and high Quality of Service(QoS) guarantee are the key determinants for efficient Mobile P2P(MP2P) video sharing.In this paper,we propose a CrossLayer and One-Hop Neighbour-Assisted Video Sharing(CNVS) solution in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs).By making use of crosslayer approaches to bridge the overlay and the MAC layer and with the help of dissemination assisted by one-hop neighbours,CNVS intelligently builds the resource-centric self-organization node cluster group.In order to meet the QoS requirement,by making use of video resources access cost model,each peer can disconnect a less efficient connection with the original supplier and choose a peer that provides a low access cost as the new supplier.Simulation results also show how CNVS achieves lower average end-to-end delay,less average number of hops for video data delivery,lower routing overhead and packet loss rate,and higher network throughput than another state-of-the-art solution.展开更多
This paper aims to present the experimental result obtained from dynamic response on flee-flee beam in driving point and transfer mobility analysis using impact test method using hammer tips that are steel, plastic an...This paper aims to present the experimental result obtained from dynamic response on flee-flee beam in driving point and transfer mobility analysis using impact test method using hammer tips that are steel, plastic and rubber. The 8630C accelerometer and analyzer is used for data logging and for the analysis, the plastic hammer tip is chosen. The analytical and the experimental value then are compared for the free-free beam natural frequency, damping ratio, and stiffness value. As a result, the highest percentage error for natural frequency is approximated to 2.7%, the damping ratio is approximated to 3.115 × 10^-3 and the stiffness value gives the major different between the experiment value and theoretical value. Finally, this method can be used to determine the properties of a structure such as natural frequency, mode shapes, damping ration and stiffness, respectively.展开更多
Transmission Control Protocol （TCP） in infrastructure based vehicular net- works is dedicated to support reliable Intemet services for mobile users. However, an end-to- end TCP flow not only experiences some com- mo...Transmission Control Protocol （TCP） in infrastructure based vehicular net- works is dedicated to support reliable Intemet services for mobile users. However, an end-to- end TCP flow not only experiences some com- mon challenges in wireless mobile networks, such as high packet loss rate, medium access competition, unstable wireless bandwidth, and dynamic topology, etc., but also suffers from performance degradation due to traffic congestion at the Road-Side Units （RSUs） that connect the wireline and wireless networks. In order to address the challenging issues related to reliable TCP transmissions in infrastruc- ture based vehicular networks, we propose an RSU based TCP （R-TCP） scheme. For wireline source nodes, R-TCP adopts a novel flow control mechanism to adjust transmission rates according to the status of bottleneck link. Specifically, during the short wireless connec- tion time in Infrastructure based vehicular net- works, R-TCP quickly chooses an ideal trans- mission rate for data transmissions instead of activating the slow start algorithm after the connection is established, and successfully avoids the oscillation of the transmission rate. Simulation results show that R-TCP achieves great advantages than some relate proposals in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, and packet loss rate.展开更多
文摘AIM: To compare the effect of oral erythromycin vs no preparation with prokinetics on the transit time and the image quality of capsule endoscopy (CE) in evaluating small bowel (SB) pathology. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, blinded (to the type of preparation) review of 100 CE studies, 50 with no preparation with prokinetics from one medical center (Group A) and 50 from another center with administration of a single dose of 200 mg oral erythromycin 1 h prior to CE (Group B). Gastric, SB and total transit times were calculated, the presence of bile in the duodenum was scored, as was cleanliness within the proximal, middle and distal intestine. RESULTS: The erythromycin group had a slightly shorter gastric transit time (21 min vs 28 min, with no statistical significance). SB transit time was similar for both groups (all P > 0.05). Total transit time was almost identical in both groups. The rate of incomplete examination was 16% for Group A and 10% for Group B (P = 0.37). Bile and cleanliness scores in different parts of the intestine were similar for the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Preparation for capsule endoscopy with erythromycin does not affect SB or total transit time. It tends to reduce gastric transit time, but it does not increase the cecum-reaching rate. Erythromycin does not adversely affect image quality. We consider the routine use of oral erythromycin preparation as being unjustified, although it might be considered in patients with known prolonged gastric emptying time.
基金funded by the N atural Science Foundation of China (G rants No. 11172217, 51279144 and 11432015)Chinese Academy of Sciences (G rant No. KZZDEW -05-01-03)
文摘Rivers often witness non-uniform bed load sedim ent transport. For a long tim e, non-uniform bed load transport has been assum ed to be at capacity regime determined exclusively by local flow. Yet whether the capacity assumption for non-uniform bed load transport is justified remains poorly understood. Here, the relative time scale of non-uniform bed load transport is evaluated and non-capacity and capacity models are compared for both aggradation and degradation cases with observed data. As characterized by its relative time scale, the adaptation of non-uniform bed load to capacity regime should be fulfilled quickly. However, changes in the flow and sedim ent inputs from upstream or tributaries hinder the adaptation. Also, the adaptation to capacity regime is size dependent, the finer the sediment size the slower the adaptation is, and vice versa. It is shown that the capacity model may entail considerable errors compared to the non-capacity model. For modelling of non-uniform bed load, non-capacity modelling is recommended, in which the temporal and spatial scales required for adaptation are explicitly appreciated.
基金The Project is sponsored by the Chinese National Nature Science Foundation (49676288) Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of the Ministry of Education of China and the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (Pr
文摘Study of the major Asian rivers discharge to the ocean reveals variations of their water discharges and sediment loads, and local characteristics of river sediment concentrations. On the basis of this, the Asian rivers fall into three regions, including Eurasia Arctic, East Asia, Southeast and South Asia Regions. The Eurasia Arctic Region is characterized by the lowest sediment concentration and load, while the East Asia Region is of the highest sediment concentration and higher sediment load, and the South-East and South Asia Region yields higher sediment concentration and highest sediment load.The sediment loads of these regions are mainly controlled by climate, geomorphology and tectonic activity. The Eurasia Arctic rivers with large basin areas and water discharge, drain low relief which consists of tundra sediment, thus causing the lowest sediment load. The East Asia rivers with small basin areas and lowest water discharges, drain extensive loess plateau, and transport most erodible loess material, which results in highest sediment concentration. The SE and South Asia rivers originating from the Tibet Plateau have large basin areas and the largest water discharges because of the Summer Monsoon and high rainfall influence, causing the highest sediment load.In Asia, tectonic motion of the Tibet Plateau plays an important role. Those large rivers originating from the Tibet Plateau transport about 50% of the world river sediment load to ocean annually, forming large estuaries and deltas, and consequently exerting a great influence on sedimentation in the coastal zone and shelves.
基金supported in part by the National High Technical Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) under Grant No. 2011AA010701the National KeyBasic Research Program of China (973 Program)under Grant No. 2013CB329102+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 61001122,No. 61003283,No. 61232017the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant No. BK2011171the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi,China under Grant No. 20122BAB201042the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. 2012RC0603the Science Foundation Ireland under Grant No. 10/CE/I1855 to Lero-the Irish Software Engineering Research Centre
文摘Fast resources discovery and high Quality of Service(QoS) guarantee are the key determinants for efficient Mobile P2P(MP2P) video sharing.In this paper,we propose a CrossLayer and One-Hop Neighbour-Assisted Video Sharing(CNVS) solution in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs).By making use of crosslayer approaches to bridge the overlay and the MAC layer and with the help of dissemination assisted by one-hop neighbours,CNVS intelligently builds the resource-centric self-organization node cluster group.In order to meet the QoS requirement,by making use of video resources access cost model,each peer can disconnect a less efficient connection with the original supplier and choose a peer that provides a low access cost as the new supplier.Simulation results also show how CNVS achieves lower average end-to-end delay,less average number of hops for video data delivery,lower routing overhead and packet loss rate,and higher network throughput than another state-of-the-art solution.
文摘This paper aims to present the experimental result obtained from dynamic response on flee-flee beam in driving point and transfer mobility analysis using impact test method using hammer tips that are steel, plastic and rubber. The 8630C accelerometer and analyzer is used for data logging and for the analysis, the plastic hammer tip is chosen. The analytical and the experimental value then are compared for the free-free beam natural frequency, damping ratio, and stiffness value. As a result, the highest percentage error for natural frequency is approximated to 2.7%, the damping ratio is approximated to 3.115 × 10^-3 and the stiffness value gives the major different between the experiment value and theoretical value. Finally, this method can be used to determine the properties of a structure such as natural frequency, mode shapes, damping ration and stiffness, respectively.
基金supported in part by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under Grant(N140405004) partly by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61373159)+1 种基金partly by Educational Committee of Liaoning Province science and technology research projects under Grant (L2013096)partly by Key Laboratory Project Funds of Shenyang Ligong University (4771004kfs03)
文摘Transmission Control Protocol （TCP） in infrastructure based vehicular net- works is dedicated to support reliable Intemet services for mobile users. However, an end-to- end TCP flow not only experiences some com- mon challenges in wireless mobile networks, such as high packet loss rate, medium access competition, unstable wireless bandwidth, and dynamic topology, etc., but also suffers from performance degradation due to traffic congestion at the Road-Side Units （RSUs） that connect the wireline and wireless networks. In order to address the challenging issues related to reliable TCP transmissions in infrastruc- ture based vehicular networks, we propose an RSU based TCP （R-TCP） scheme. For wireline source nodes, R-TCP adopts a novel flow control mechanism to adjust transmission rates according to the status of bottleneck link. Specifically, during the short wireless connec- tion time in Infrastructure based vehicular net- works, R-TCP quickly chooses an ideal trans- mission rate for data transmissions instead of activating the slow start algorithm after the connection is established, and successfully avoids the oscillation of the transmission rate. Simulation results show that R-TCP achieves great advantages than some relate proposals in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, and packet loss rate.
