也谈张说之边功战略——以《幽州论边事书》《请置屯田表》《并州论边事表》为例

张说在担任幽州、并州都督时,所上的《幽州论边事书》《请置屯田表》《并州论边事表》,迎合了唐玄宗加强对东北边疆控制的政策,是以幽州、河北为战略大后方,来发挥营州战略桥头堡的作用;张说积极建立边功的政策,还与姚崇等“不幸边功”的政策相制衡,从而有利于唐玄宗权力的集中。

乾嘉时期武将“边功”的文化记忆与诗歌文学想象

清代顺康时期的战争主要是统一和平叛,是对原有版图的巩固;道光之后则是与西方列强的战争,多为败绩;而乾嘉时期的战争对拓宽中华版图起到了重要作用,且多为胜绩。多民族武将在西南、西北、东北等不同疆域的拓边戍守中建功立业。他们在身临其境中对保土安民的思考迥异于书斋中的文人,国家安定与中华民族一体精神灌注其笔下,他们对王朝疆域稳固叙述与抒情基础上的书写,迥异于中唐以来的边塞诗,在一定程度上弥补了官方史料对于疆土记录的不足,也反映了清朝武人对于中华共同体建构的努力。乾嘉时期这些饱含家国情怀、盛世自信的创作,在让清朝臣民感知边地之重的同时,也逐渐从文化层面认同彼此,从而产生文化自信。

北宋新党舒亶考论

舒亶是北宋王安石新党中的重要人物,在古代的历史语境中,常被定位为无耻小人形象。但真实的舒亶并非如此,虽然在北宋的政治文化与朋党之争中,舒亶因多次兴起狱案,尤其是排压打击苏轼的"乌台诗案"而备受后世非议,但其吏治、边功、文学均有不俗表现。单纯以一"小人"盖棺论定的评价是片面的,不符合历史事实的。本文钩稽史料,详述舒亶生平行状,凸显那个"议论争煌煌"时代语境中的真实的舒亶形象。

Developmental Regulation and Biological Functions of Root Border Cells in Higher Plants

Root border cells, previously referred to as sloughed root cap cells, is a special cell population which separates in large numbers from the periphery of the root cap and accumulates in the root tip. Recent evidence reveals that border cells, whose development is regulated by endogenous and exogenous signals, are biologically viable in the majority of higher plant species. As soon as border cells detach from root cap periphery, their metabolic activity dramatically increases in accordance with a differential gene expression from that in root cap cells. Recently, PsUGT1 and RCPME1, relevant to the early and late stage of border cell development, respectively, have been cloned and functionally identified. Border cells can synthesize specially and export a diverse array of chemicals including anthocyanins, antibiotics, special enzymes and other substances, that either inhibit or promote the growth of other entities in rhizosphere such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes, and also antagonize some toxic chemicals around the root tip in soil such as aluminum toxicity. Therefore, there are multiple biological roles played by border cells during plant growth and development.

The implementation of an improved NPML absorbing boundary condition in elastic wave modeling

In elastic wave forward modeling, absorbing boundary conditions （ABC） are used to mitigate undesired reflections from the model truncation boundaries. The perfectly matched layer （PML） has proved to be the best available ABC. However, the traditional splitting PML （SPML） ABC has some serious disadvantages： for example, global SPML ABCs require much more computing memory, although the implementation is easy. The implementation of local SPML ABCs also has some difficulties, since edges and corners must be considered. The traditional non-splitting perfectly matched layer （NPML） ABC has complex computation because of the convolution. In this paper, based on non-splitting perfectly matched layer （NPML） ABCs combined with the complex frequency-shifted stretching function （CFS）, we introduce a novel numerical implementation method for PML absorbing boundary conditions with simple calculation equations, small memory requirement, and easy programming.

Solving the Inverse Problems of Wave Equation by a Boundary Functional Method

The inverse problems of wave equation to recover unknown space-time dependent functions of wave speed and wave source are solved in this paper, without needing of initial conditions and no internal measurement of data being required. After a homogenization technique, a sequence of spatial boundary functions at least the fourth-order polynomials are derived, which satisfy the homogeneous boundary conditions. The boundary functions and the zero element constitute a linear space, and then a new boundary functional is proved in the linear space, of which the energy is preserved for each dynamic energetic boundary function. The linear systems and iterative algorithms used to recover unknown wave speed and wave source functions with the dynamic energetic boundary functions as bases are developed, which converge fast at each time step. The input data are parsimonious, merely the measured boundary strains and the boundary values and slopes of unknown functions to be recovered. The accuracy and robustness of present methods are confirmed by comparing exact solutions with estimated results under large noises up to 20%.

Boundary Correlation Functions of the gl(1|1) Supersymmetric Vertex Model

The gl（1/1） supersymmetric vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions （DWBC） on an N × N square lattice is considered. We derive the reduction formulae for the one-point boundary correlation functions of the model. The determinant representation for the boundary correlation functions is also obtained.

IMPROVEMENT TO THE EVAPORATION DUCT MODEL BY INTRODUCING NONLINEAR SIMILARITY FUNCTIONS IN STABLE CONDITIONS

Modified refractivity (M) profile is an important parameter to describe the atmospheric refraction environment,as well as a key factor in uniquely evaluating electromagnetic propagation effects.In order to improve the model-derived M profile in stable (especially very stable) conditions,three nonlinear similarity functions,namely BH91,CB05,SHEBA07,are introduced in this paper to improve the original Babin_V25 model,and the performances of these modified models are verified based on the hydrometeorological observations from tower platforms,which are finally compared with the original Babin_V25 model and Local_HYQ92 model.Results show that introducing nonlinear similarity functions can significantly improve the model-derived M profile;especially,the newly developed SHEBA07 functions manage to reduce the predicted root mean square (rms) differences of M and M slope (for both 0-5m and 5-40m) by 64.5%,16.6%,and 60.4%,respectively in stable conditions.Unfortunately,this improved method reacts little on the evaporation duct height;in contrast,Local_HYQ92 model is capable of reducing the predicted rms differences of M,M slope (for both 0-5m and 5-40m),and evaporation duct height by 76.7%,40.2%,83.7%,and 58.0% respectively.Finally,a new recommendation is made to apply Local_HYQ92 and Babin_SHEBA07 in very stable conditions considering that M slope is more important than evaporation duct height and absolute M value in uniquely determining electromagnetic propagation effects.

Bilateral Ureteral Fibroepithelial Polyps:a Case Report

DRIMARY benign ureteral tumors are rare and they arise from the mesodermal tissue of the ureteral wall. Less than 200 cases have been docu- mented in published reports.1 Bilateral ureteralfibroepithelial polyps are extremely rare and commonly occur in the proximal ureter, causing complete ureteral obstruction. Pyeloplasty is an effective treatment for im- proving renal function. Here we report a case with se- quential bilateral ureteral fibroepithelial polyps causing obstructive hydronephrosis.

Low power and high speed explicit-pulsed double-edge triggered level converting flip-flop

Variable supply voltage-clustered voltage scaling （VS-CVS） scheme can be very effective in reducing power consumption of CMOS circuits without degrading system performance. Level converting flip-flops （LCFFs） are key elements in the CVS scheme. In this paper, a new explicit-pulsed double-edge triggered level converting flip-flop （nEP-DET-LCFF） is proposed, which employs double-edge triggering technique, dynamic structure, explicit pulse generator, conditional discharge technique and proper arrangement of stacked nMOS transistors to efficiently perform latching and level converting functions simultaneously. The proposed nEP-DET-LCFF combines merits of both conventional explicit-LCFFs and implicit-LCFFs. Simulation shows the proposed nEP-DET-LCFF has improvement of 19.2% -46% in delay, and 19.4% - 52.9% in power-delay product （PDP） as compared with the published LCFFs.

The edge crack problem for an orthotropic functionally graded strip under concentrated loads

The plane crack problem of an orthotropic functionally graded strip under concentrated loads is studied. The edge crack is perpendicular to the boundary and the elastic property of the material is assumed to vary depending on thickness. By using an integral transform method, the present problem can be reduced to a single integral equation which is solved numerically. The influences of parameters such as the nonhomogeneity constant and the geometry parameters on the stress intensity factors (SIFs) are studied. It is found that the nonhomogeneity constant has important influences on the SIFs.

Fast image matching algorithm based on affine invariants

Feature-based image matching algorithms play an indispensable role in automatic target recognition （ATR）. In this work, a fast image matching algorithm （FIMA） is proposed which utilizes the geometry feature of extended centroid （EC） to build affine invariants. Based on at-fine invariants of the length ratio of two parallel line segments, FIMA overcomes the invalidation problem of the state-of-the-art algorithms based on affine geometry features, and increases the feature diversity of different targets, thus reducing misjudgment rate during recognizing targets. However, it is found that FIMA suffers from the parallelogram contour problem and the coincidence invalidation. An advanced FIMA is designed to cope with these problems. Experiments prove that the proposed algorithms have better robustness for Gaussian noise, gray-scale change, contrast change, illumination and small three-dimensional rotation. Compared with the latest fast image matching algorithms based on geometry features, FIMA reaches the speedup of approximate 1.75 times. Thus, FIMA would be more suitable for actual ATR applications.

明李文进夫妇合葬墓的发现及李文进评述

2012年底,重庆巴南区发掘了一座明代双室墓葬,墓前有三层拜台,拜台前分布有石人、石马、石虎、石羊、望柱等石像生和石质建筑构件。虽然墓葬及石像生和石构件已遭受严重的破坏,但是整体而言其规模较大、规格较高,在重庆地区较为罕见。据出土遗物和题刻判断,该墓为明嘉靖年间巴县进士李文进夫妇合葬墓。李文进为官期间以建设性谏言及其抗倭、驱靼的卓越边功,成为嘉靖时期乃至有明一代的边关栋梁、治世能臣,对研究明代海防、边防有重要价值,为重庆历史文化增添了新的资料。

Two Times Spline Interpolant in Power Exponent Form under the First Boundary Condition

In this paper the concept of first boundary condition （i）（i = 0, 1, 2,…, n） is proposed based on [1], the existence of two times spline interpolant under first boundary condition is proved using constructivity method and the uniqueness of the two times spline interpolant under first boundary condition（n） is proved too.

Nonlinear vibration of edged cracked FGM beams using differential quadrature method

This paper investigated the nonlinear vibration of functionally graded beams containing an open edge crack based on Timoshenko beam theory.The cracked section is modeled by a massless elastic rotational spring.It is assumed that material properties follow exponential distributions through the beam thickness.The differential quadrature(DQ) method is employed to discretize the nonlinear governing equations which are then solved by a direct iterative method to obtain the nonlinear vibration frequencies of beams with different boundary conditions.The effects of the material gradient,crack depth and boundary conditions on nonlinear free vibration characteristics of the cracked FGM beams are studied in detail.

Large deflection of clamped circular plate and accuracy of its approximate analytical solutions

A different set of governing equations on the large deflection of plates are derived by the principle of virtual work(PVW), which also leads to a different set of boundary conditions. Boundary conditions play an important role in determining the computation accuracy of the large deflection of plates. Our boundary conditions are shown to be more appropriate by analyzing their difference with the previous ones. The accuracy of approximate analytical solutions is important to the bulge/blister tests and the application of various sensors with the plate structure. Different approximate analytical solutions are presented and their accuracies are evaluated by comparing them with the numerical results. The error sources are also analyzed. A new approximate analytical solution is proposed and shown to have a better approximation. The approximate analytical solution offers a much simpler and more direct framework to study the plate-membrane transition behavior of deflection as compared with the previous approaches of complex numerical integration.

Bifurcation and spatiotemporal patterns of a density-dependent predator-prey model with Crowley-Martin functional response

In this paper, we consider a diffusive density-dependent predator-prey model with Crowley-Martin functional responses subject to Neumann boundary condition. We ana- lyze the stability of the positive equilibrium and the existence of spatially homogeneous and inhomogeneous periodic solutions through the distribution of the eigenvalues. The direction and stability of Hopf bifurcation are determined by the normal form theory and the center manifold theory. Finally, numerical simulations are given to verify our theoretical analysis.