边坡桩基受力特性的离心模型试验

鉴于采用常规试验方法对临空面的边坡桩基较难进行分析,利用基于相似理论的土工离心试验机,通过缩小原型尺寸的方式对其进行研究。在土工离心试验中,采用自制的加载系统分别对端承桩与摩擦桩这2种不同形式的桩基施加水平荷载和竖向荷载,给出边坡桩基受力性能的研究方法,并进行了受力机理分析。试验结果表明:边坡桩基受较小的水平荷载时,2种桩基形式受力性能相差不大;摩擦桩在承受竖向荷载时承载性能较差,对桩周土体扰动较大,不宜作为边坡桩基的形式。

道路路堑边坡桩标定的新方法

分析了目前经常采用的路堑边坡桩标定方法的局限性 ,提出了一种基于空间立体模型上分析出的道路路堑边坡桩标定的新方法 ,分析了空间立体模型运算原理及实际中的可操作性 ,指出了新方法存在的问题及下一步研究方向。

路堑边坡桩放样程序的设计与应用——适用于CASIOfx-4800P计算器

从目前道路工程建设对路堑边坡桩放样的要求入手,分析目前常用路堑边坡桩放样方法的局限性,提出一种基于全站仪和计算器程序支持的路堑边坡桩放样方法,介绍程序设计思路及内容,在实践中得出该方法全面、适时、快捷、准确的特点。

坡趾开挖试验及PIV分析下的矿山边坡桩布设效果研究

矿山露天挖掘中,坡趾开挖过程增加了矿山边坡崩塌滑落的可能性。为了提高挖掘工作效率和安全性,现在较多矿山有效地布设边坡桩从而降低坡趾开挖引起的崩塌风险。本研究中,首先对坡趾开挖的边坡实施了1G模型试验,探讨了边坡的布设效果和桩对边坡坍塌的影响,并进一步采用粒子图像分析法(PIV)研究了边坡桩的加固效果和边坡破坏基本特征。研究结果表明:(1)桩的横向排布和竖向排布对坡趾开挖宽度没有显著影响,而竖向排布时从桩发生的剪断顺序可以预测边坡坍塌;(2)研究中观察到了桩数增加带来的加固效果,为了防止边坡桩断裂后土中应力分布复杂化,需选择合适位置进行桩基布设。本研究成果可为露天矿山边坡今后安全作业以及滑坡等灾害的防治起到重要作用。

桩基施工对边坡黏土强度影响试验研究

桩基施工过程中会产生持续较大的振动,引起土体累计变形和超静孔压增大,造成土体强度降低。以来福士广场西侧边坡为工程背景,研究黏土边坡在施工振动过程中的强度变化规律。使用测振仪和超低频传感器对现场抗滑桩的振动冲击进行测试,根据振动产生的动应力特征进行室内静、动三轴试验,模拟土单元体原位应力状态和应力路径,并提供试验方法,最后分析了土体强度在施工期间动应力作用下的折减。现场振动测试结果表明:地表出现的最大振动速度可达2 cm/s,且在离桩心26 m处仍然有0.16~0.24 cm/s的振动,同时随着桩基施工深度的增加,土体的振动作用增强。固结不排水条件下的静、动三轴试验结果表明:土体的动强度明显低于静强度,通过做不同围压下的总应力强度包线,测得土体的总强度指标C_(cu)=49.5 k Pa,φ_(cu)=17.0°,不同影响距离下桩基施工对土体强度的影响符合不同的试验规律。试验边坡黏土符合土体折减的经验曲线,考虑到振动力增大边坡下滑力和振动对土体强度的影响,其综合强度折减系数取0.7~0.8。

桩基施工对边坡黏土强度参数影响试验研究

桩基施工过程中产生的持续较大的振动对引起土体累计变形和超静孔压增大,引起土体强度降低。以某库岸边坡为背景,进行现场振动测试。根据振动产生的动应力特征,采用静、动三轴试验对土单元体原位应力状态进和应力路径进行模拟,并提供了试验方法及结果。最后分析了土的强度在施工期间动应力作用下的折减,建议强度折减系数取0.7~0.8。

Three-dimensional analysis of slopes reinforced with piles

Based on the upper bound of limit analysis, the plane-strain analysis of the slopes reinforced with a row of piles to the 3D case was extended. A 3D rotational failure mechanism was adopted to yield the upper bound of the factor of safety. Parametric studies were carried out to explore the end effects of the slope failures and the effects of the pile location and diameter on the safety of the reinforced slopes. The results demonstrate that the end effects nearly have no effects on the most suitable location of the installed piles but have significant influence on the safety of the slopes. For a slope constrained to a narrow width, the slope becomes more stable owing to the contribution of the end effects. When the slope is reinforced with a row of piles in small space between piles, the effects of group piles are significant for evaluating the safety of slopes. The presented method is more appropriate for assessing the stability of slopes reinforced with piles and can be also utilized in the design of plies stabilizing the unstable slopes.

Numerical Analysis of the Stability of Embankment Slope Reinforced with Piles

The effects of stabilizing piles on the stability of an embankment slope are analyzed by numerical simulation. The shear strength reduction method is used for the analysis, and the soil - pile interaction is simulated with zero-thickness elasto-plastic interface elements. Effects of pile spacing and pile position on the safety factor of slope and the behavior of piles under these conditions are given. The numerical analysis indicates that the positions of the pile have significant influence on the stability of the slope, and the pile needs to be installed in the middle of the slope for maximum safety factors. In the end, the soil arching effect closely associated with the space between stabilizing piles is analyzed. The results are helpful for design and construction of stabilizing piles.

Centrifuge modeling of dynamic behavior of pile-reinforced slopes during earthquakes

A series of centrifuge model tests of sandy slopes were conducted to study the dynamic behavior of pile-reinforced slopes subjected to various motions.Time histories of accelerations,bending moments and pile earth pressures were obtained during excitation of the adjusted El Centro earthquake and a cyclic motion.Under a realistic earthquake,the overall response of the pile-reinforced slope is lower than that of the non-reinforced slope.The histories of bending moments and dynamic earth pressures reach their maximums soon after shaking started and then remain roughly stable until the end of shaking.Maximum moments occur at the height of 3.5 m,which is the deeper section of the pile,indicating the interface between the active loading and passive resistance regions.The dynamic earth pressures above the slope base steadily increase with the increase of height of pile.For the model under cyclic input motion,response amplitudes at different locations in the slope are almost the same,indicating no significant response amplification.Both the bending moment and earth pressure increase gradually over a long period.

Mechanical response of bridge piles in high-steep slopes and sensitivity study

The bridge piles located in high-steep slopes not only endure the loads from superstructure, but also the residual sliding force as well as the resistance from the slope. By introducing the Winkler foundation theory, the mechanical model of piles-soils-slopes system was established, and the equilibrium differential equations of pile were derived. Moreover, an analytic solution for identifying the model parameters was provided by means of power series method. A project with field measurement was compared with the proposed method. It is indicated that the lateral loads have great influences on the pile, the steep slope effect is indispensable, and reasonable diameter of the pile could enhance the bending ability. The internal force and displacements of pile are largely based upon the horizontal loads applied on pile, especially in upper part.

Experimental Research on Large Diameter Cast-in-Place Piles Embedded in Rock

This paper expatiated the field test of large diameter cast in place piles embedded in soft rock, including static loading test, high or low strain dynamic test, measurement of stresses and strains of pile body, and pressure measurements between pile tip and soft rock. The relative in situ test problems are discussed. Based on the limit equilibrium theory and the load transfer equation, a synthesis method of analyzing the ultimate carrying capacity of single large diameter pile is put forward. The research results show that the key to determining the ultimate carrying capacity of single pile with a large diameter is the analysis of the intensity of soft rock.

Design of micropiles to increase earth slopes stability

A methodology was proposed for the design of micropiles to increase earth slopes stability. An analytic model based on bearn-colurnn equation and an existing P-y curve method was set up and used to find the shear capacity of the micropile. Then, a step-by-step design procedure for stabilization of earth slope with rnicropiles was introduced, involving six main steps： 1） Choosing a location for the rnicropiles within the existing slope; 2） Selecting micropile cross section; 3） Estimating length of rnicropile; 4） Evaluating shear capacity of mieropiles; 5） Calculating spacing required to provide force to stabilize the slope; 6） Designing the concrete cap beam. The application of the method to an embankment landslide in Qinghai Province was described in detail. In the final design, three rows of rnicropiles were adopted as a group and a total of 126 rnicropiles with 0.23 m in diameter were used. The micropile length ranged between 15 and 18 m, with the spacing 1.5 m at in-row direction. The monitoring data indicate that slope movement has been effectively controlled as a result of the slope stabilization measure, which verifies the reasonability of the design method.

Numerical experimental study on optimum design of anchorage system for Xiashu loess slope

In FLAC ^(3D),cable element or modified pile element can be used to build slope anchoring model.However,the difference between the two structural elements and their influence on the calculation results have not been studied in depth.In order to solve this problem,the Xiashu loess slope anchoring models based on cable element and modified pile element were constructed respectively.A variety of anchoring schemes were designed by orthogonal experiment method,and then they were brought into the model for calculation and the calculation results were analyzed by range analysis and variance analysis.The results show that the modified pile element can bear the bending moment and reflect the strain softening property of the grout.From the perspective of slope safety factor,the anchorage length and anchor bolt spacing are the main factors affecting the stability of the slope,and the anchorage angle is the secondary factor.The grout in cable element is assumed to be an elastic-perfectly plastic material,so the safety factor of the slope can be significantly increased by increasing the length of the anchor bolts.This will bring potential risks to the slope treatment project.Therefore,in the calculation of the slope anchoring model,the modified pile element is more suitable for simulating the anchor bolt.

Monte Carlo Simulation for Slope Stabilization Using Drilled Shafts

A reliability based analysis method for a drilled shaft stabilized slope system is presented in this paper. The drilled shaft stabilization mechanisms for the slope were treated as the drilled shaft induced soil arching, which was quantified by the load transfer factor in the limited equilibrium analysis. However, due to the inherent uncertainties of the soil properties and the model error of the semi-empirical load transfer equation, an extension modification of the deterministic method into a probabilistic method is developed in this paper. The MCS （Monte Carlo simulation） with log-normal random variables has been employed to calculate the probability of failure （Pf） for the drilled shafts/slope system. The developed theories were coded into a computer program for analyzing complex slope geometry and slope profile conditions. Finally, a case study has been performed to illustrate the application analysis of the developed probability approach in drilled shafts/slope system.

A Simplified Analysis Method for the Lateral Deformation of Braced Excavations

Pile-anchor retaining structure is widely used in foundation pit engineering and side slope engineering in many countries. In contrast to strut, pile-anchor retaining structure has its typical features and advantages. It does not occupy the internal space of the foundation pit, and the project cost is much lower. Accurate prediction of the lateral displacement of the retaining structure is very important in the design stage. A simplified analysis method and several calculation assumptions of the lateral deformation of pile-anchor retaining structures are set up according to the engineering features. The expression function of lateral displacement versus depth is solved by means of a fitted function and the quasi-elastic summation method. The parameters are obtained through the stiffness equation of the anchors and the principle of minimum potential energy. The analytical evaluation of the lateral deformation curve is then completed, whose applicability is proved through practical engineering.