基于GIS的住宅区周边危险边坡三维稳定性评价

为了评价日本千叶县某住宅区周边大范围边坡的滑坡危险度,探讨了一种基于GIS的三维边坡稳定性评价方法。首先根据已有的CAD格式的地形等高线图及有限的钻孔数据,得到地表、地层、地下水的三维GIS数据。在依据边坡倾角、倾向等地形特性对该大范围边坡划分边坡单元的基础上,采用一种基于GIS栅格数据的边坡稳定三维极限平衡分析模型计算了研究区域各边坡单元的安全系数,进行了滑坡危险性分区评价。本研究对于如何利用有限的现场调查数据来进行高精度的数值计算分析,以及GIS在地质防灾领域的更深层次的应用具有一定的参考价值。

强度折减法在三种坡度下的植物护坡应用

以均质黄土和油松根系组成的根土复合坡体为研究对象,在植物固土护坡力学原理的基础上,利用有限元软件ANSYS进行分析。在三种不同坡度下不断植树,采用强度折减法分析滑动面的安全系数,定量分析边坡的稳定性变化情况,从而获得最优的植树方案。由安全系数变化情况可得出:边坡为25°时,前2棵(从坡脚起)油松对于边坡稳定性的提升作用较为显著,最佳树距为3 m;边坡为35°时,为前4棵和2.5 m;边坡为45°时,为前5棵和2 m。结果表明:(1)坡度越大,种植棵数越多,离坡脚越远的树对边坡稳定性的贡献越少(安全系数增幅不断减小);(2)坡度越大,种植间距越小,但不是越小越好,有最佳值;(3)三种坡度下,坡脚处最易失稳,第一棵树根系所承受的拉应力最大,对稳定性的贡献也最大(安全系数增幅最大)。研究结果为植物护坡的植树栽植提供理论支持。

公路沿线花岗岩风化区滑坡危险度评价——以日本49号国道合户地区为例

对公路沿线边坡进行稳定性评价及滑坡灾害分析,对于由滑坡、泥石流等引起的公路灾害的防治具有重要指导意义。为了评价处于花岗岩风化区的日本福岛县合户地区49号国道沿线边坡的滑坡危险程度,在调查和分析了该地区的表层破坏模式、并通过简易探测方法摸清了风化土层的厚度分布后,将研究区域划分为边坡单元(Slopeunit),使用椭球体下半部模拟滑动面的形状,通过随机试算法确定各边坡单元危险滑动面的位置及空间形状;采用一种基于GIS的边坡稳定性三维分析模型计算各边坡单元最小安全系数以及滑坡发生概率,定量评价滑坡灾害危险程度。所有的计算过程及结果显示均在一个基于GIS平台的系统中完成,为如何利用GIS技术更好地为滑坡灾害防治工作服务拓宽了思路。

Distributed Fiber Optic Monitoring and Stability Analysis of a Model Slope under Surcharge Loading

In the discipline of geotechnical engineering, fiber optic sensor based distributed monitoring has played an increasingly important role over the past few decades. Compared with conventional sensors, fiber optic sensors have a variety of exclusive advantages, such as smaller size, higher precision, and better corrosion resistance. These innovative monitoring technologies have been successfully applied for performance monitoring of geo-structures and early warning of potential geo- hazards around the world. In order to investigate their ability to monitor slope stability problems, a medium-sized model of soil nailed slope has been constructed in laboratory. The fully distributed Brillouin optical time-domain analysis （BOTDA） sensing technology was employed to measure the horizontal strain distributions inside the model slope. During model construction, a specially designed strain sensing fiber was buried in the soil mass. Afterward, the surcharge loading was applied on the slope crest in stages using hydraulic jacks and a reaction frame. During testing, an NBX-6o5o BOTDA sensing interrogator was used to collect the fiber optic sensing data. The test results have been analyzed in detail, which shows that the fiber optic sensors can capture the progressive deformation and failure pattern of the model slope. The limit equilibrium analyses were also conducted to obtain the factors ofsafety of the slope under different surface loadings. It is found that the characteristic maximum strains can reflect the stability of the model slope and an empirical relationship was obtained, This study verified the effectiveness of the distributed BOTDA sensing technology in performance monitoring of slope.

Study on Dynamic Response of the “Dualistic” Structure Rock Slope with Seismic Wave Theory

Currently, scant attention has been paid to the theoretical analysis on dynamic response mechanism of the ＂Dualistic＂ structure roek slope. The analysis presented here provides insight into the dynamic response of the ＂Dualistie＂ structure rock slope. By investigating the principle of energy distribution, it is shown that the effect of a joint plays a significant role in slope stability analysis. A dynamic reflection and transmission model （RTM） for the ＂Dualistic＂ structure rock slope and explicit dynamic equations are established to analyze the dynamic response of a slope, based on the theory of elastic mechanics and the principle of seismic wave propagation. The theoretical simulation solutions show that the dynamic response of the ＂Dualistic＂ structure rock slope （soft-hard） model is greater than that of the ＂Dualistic＂ strueture rock slope （hard-soft） model, especially in the slope crest. The magnifying effect of rigid foundation on the dynamic response is more obvious than that of soft foundation. With the amplitude increasing, the cracks could be found in the right slope （soft-hard） crest. The crest failure is firstly observed in the right slope （soft-hard） during the experimental process. The reliability of theoretical model is also investigated by experiment analysis. The conclusions derived in this paper could also be used in future evaluations of Multi-layer rock slopes.

Predicting the Rainfall-Triggered Landslides in a Forested Mountain Region Using TRIGRS Model

Landslides are natural disasters which can pose a serious threat to human and property in many areas around the world. The Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-stability (TRIGRS) model was used to investigate the rainfall-induced shallow landslides in a forested mountain region, Korea. Various input data for TRIGRS model include time-varying rainfall, topographic characteristics, soil depth, material strength, and hydraulic properties. A series of calculations were conducted in determining the slope stability over the Jangheung region in Korea during the storm occurred on August 6, 1998. The results show that TRIGRS model captured about 64.1% of landslides that were extracted from the IKONOS2 imageries. The model demonstrated how the factor of safety changed with time during a storm considering both the transient and spatial responses of pore water pressure in its slope stability calculation.

Effects of intense rainfall on stability of infinite terraced slope

For fully understanding the hydrological dynamics of an infinite terraced slope, the infiltration process was studied by employing the Green and Ampt infiltration model. The limit equilibrium method and the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion were adopted to derive a stability model for the infinite terraced slope subjected to an intense rainfall. Numerical simulation was performed for verifying its applicability. The results of numerical simulation indicate that a set of stepped wetting fronts are found during infiltration, and the infiltration of terraced slope covered by coarse-textured soils can be approximated as one-dimensional infiltration. The potential sliding surfaces from the numerical method are all parallel to the slope line, and the proposed model and framework can provide an approximate method of estimating how the infiltration affects the stability of an infinite terraced slope.

Determining the Best Mathematical Models of Stable Hydraulics Slop for Jajroud River with Analyzing and Comparing the Results by HEC-RAS

This paper deals with an analysis of selected equations used for the determination of a stable longwise slope calculation of torrential rivers of Jajroud in east of Tehran. Irregularity of the gradient, accompanied by heavy bed-load experiencing abrupt changes of the flow as a result of heavy rainfalls of short duration and high intensity, these are typical features impacting the behavior and characteristics of torrential rivers. The determination of the stable bottom slope, when the river bed is kept unpaved but still provides resistance against harmful effects of rapids, becomes an essential objective of the study. Three methods are used to determine the stable slope： the first is based on tangent tension （shear stress theory）, the second observes a （critical） non-scouring cross-sectional velocity （critical mean channel velocities）, and the third applies the bottom layer velocity （the critical bed velocities）. The mathematical hydraulic model HEC-RAS v. 3.1.3 has been used for the verification of the methods in this research study.

3D stability analysis method of concave slope based on the Bishop method

In order to study the stability control mechanism of a concave slope with circular landslide, and remove the influence of differences in shape on slope stability, the limit analysis method of a simplified Bishop method was employed. The sliding body was divided into strips in a three-dimensional model, and the lateral earth pressure was put into mechanical analysis and the three-dimensional stability analysis methods applicable for circular sliding in concave slope were deduced. Based on geometric structure and the geological parameters of a concave slope, the influence rule of curvature radius and the top and bottom arch height on the concave slope stability were analyzed. The results show that the stability coefficient decreases after growth, first in the transition stage of slope shape from flat to concave, and it has been confirmed that there is a best size to make the slope stability factor reach a maximum. By contrast with average slope, the stability of a concave slope features a smaller range of ascension with slope height increase, which indicates that the enhancing effect of a concave slope is apparent only with lower slope heights.

A gravity similitude model for studying steep rock slopes

A method of a large experimental model coupled with a smaller one and an equivalent replacement method are adopted to study the deformation and the failure mechanism of a steep rock slope, in order to solve the difficult problems in space gravity similitude of the experimental model on steep rock slope with weak layers. The experimental results on the Lianziya Precipice of the Yangtze Three Gorges are in general agreement with the field observations. The experimental method adopted is proved to be successful in molding the complex geological condition especially with the weak layers.

Modeling of coupled deformation,water flow and gas transport in soil slopes subjected to rain infiltration

Rain infiltration into a soil slope leads to propagation of the wetting front, transport of air in pores and deformation of the soils, in which coupled processes among the solid, liquid and gas phases are typically involved. Most previous studies on the unsaturated flow and its influence on slope stability were based on the singlephase water flow model (i.e., the Richards Equation) or the waterair two-phase flow model. The effects of gas transport and soil deformation on the movement of groundwater and the evolution of slope stability were less examined with a coupled solid-water-air model. In this paper, a numerical model was established based on the principles of the continuum mechanics and the averaging approach of the mixture theory and implemented in an FEM code for analysis of the coupled deformation, water flow and gas transport in porous media. The proposed model and the computer code were validated by the Liakopoulos drainage test over a sand column, and the significant effect of the lateral air boundary condition on the draining process of water was discussed. On this basis, the coupled processes of groundwater flow, gas transport and soil deformation in a homogeneous soil slope under a long heavy rainfall were simulated with the proposed three-phase model, and the numerical results revealed the remarkable delaying effects of gas transport and soil deformation on the propagation of the wetting front and the evolution of the slope stability. The results may provide a helpful reference for hazard assessment and control of rainfall-induced landslides.