边界层流体对低渗透油藏渗流特性的影响

以去离子水在半径为2.5μm和1.0μm微圆管中流动的实验结果为基础,拟合得到去离子水在微圆管中的有效流动半径公式和基于边界层流体的不同半径毛管束视渗透率公式,并比较了视渗透率与理论渗透率之间的关系.研究结果表明:随着管径尺寸的减小,边界层流体对渗流特性的影响变大;边界层流体厚度是压力梯度的函数,并随压力梯度的增加而按指数规律递减;毛管束视渗透率随压力梯度增大而增大,并最终趋近于理论值.边界层流体是导致低渗透油藏非线性渗流特性的主要因素之一.

平行板间边界层流体速度计算及差异分析

利用粘性流体相关理论并结合施利希廷平行管道边界层研究成果,推导出了水平放置的平板间边界层流体速度计算公式。在一定假设条件下利用斯托克斯定律对该公式进行了验算,并对差异产生原因进行了定性分析。结果表明,考虑边界层条件时流体速度分布规律与理想流体明显不同,考虑边界层条件时油滴的实际运移距离比理想状态计算出的运移距离长5%~7%,对除油效果有一定影响。因此在斜板除油器设计中应充分考虑这种情况的影响。

相似理论和高超音速边界层的密度分布

众所周知,在边界层中,物理量沿着流动方向(x方向)的变化远较垂直于流动方向(y方向)的变化为小。同时y方向的速度又远较x方向的速度为小。本文在处理过程中,在涡量脉动方程式里,略去了物理量在x方向的变化,并且略去沿y方向的速度。在随着流体一起运动的坐标系中,我们对脉动速度和脉动密度引进了相似性假定。由脉动量相似的必要条件,我们求得可压缩流体边界层中密度变化规律为。这样的处理方法,虽然极为粗糙,但是在和实验数据相比较时,还不太坏。在相当大的范围内符合得还可以,这说明在这个范围内,相似性假设还是可以应用的。

求解磁流体过非线性伸缩薄板的变分—Adomian迭代方法(英文)

基于变分迭代方法和Adomian多项式,提出求解非齐次常微分方程初值问题的一种变分—Adomian迭代法(VAIM),并且把它应用于求解磁流体(MHD)边界层流对应初值问题的级数解.通过Padé近似值和几何轨迹对所得结果与已有解进行比较,显示该方法是非常有效的,并且能够适用于其它非线性边界层问题.

基于曲面主方向的正交系的非完整基理论及其在流体力学中的相关应用

本文将微分几何中光滑曲面上局部存在的基于主方向的正交系联系于张量分析中的非完整基理论,以此为曲面与其邻域上的张量场场论提供了一种新方法,称为基于曲面主方向的正交系的非完整基理论。这种场论方法,基于基面的沿主方向的参数坐标,然后沿基面的法方向进行空间延拓,以此获得基面邻域内的完整的正交系。对此引入非完整基理论,可得所有的非零Christoffel符号直接对应为基面或者当地曲面的主曲率或者测地曲率,因而张量场的各种微分算子相对于曲面的主方向与法方向展开,所得分量表达式仅含物理量与曲面曲率。由此不仅可以清晰地展现曲面几何特征与物理量/物理过程之间的关系,而且所获得的分量表达式形式上最为简单。另一方面,经典的诸如柱坐标系、球坐标系等正交系也隶属基于曲面主方向的正交系,从而本文方法可以统一相关正交系下的张量场场论。作为应用,本文推导了可变形曲面上涡量、涡量法向梯度与变形率张量的表达式,曲面上流体边界层方程的分量方程,曲面介质相关守恒律方程等。

流体边界层对低渗透油藏渗流特征的影响

低渗透油藏孔喉细小、孔隙结构复杂,固液界面相互作用力很大,在靠近孔喉壁面处存在一层流体边界层,阻碍流体在孔喉中的流动。为研究流体边界层对低渗透油藏流体渗流特征的影响,以去离子水在半径分别为10.0,7.5和5.0μm的微圆管中流动的实验数据为基础,通过数据拟合分析,确定了流体流动速度、边界层厚度与压力梯度之间的关系。结果表明,由于流体边界层的存在,低压条件下,去离子水在不同半径微圆管中的流动偏离经典的达西流动规律,表现出非线性特征,且存在启动压力梯度;随着管径的降低,流动偏离达西渗流规律的程度增大,非线性越发明显;随压力梯度增加,流体边界层厚度呈指数规律递减,压力增大到一定程度后,趋于定值。运用不等径毛管束模型,给出低渗透油藏单相流体渗流公式。

低速非达西流动机理分析

对低速非达西流动现象机理的解释历来有争议。近十余年我国学者对地下油气储集层中的非达西流动现象进行了较广泛的数学模拟和实验研究 ,大多相信与流体边界层性质异常有关。边界水曾被认为是在固体表面分子剩余力场作用下形成的一种晶体结构物质 ,但早在 2 0世纪 70年代 ,这种认识已被包括提出者在内的学者们否定 ,有关实验表明 ,边界水与本体水的黏度没有差别 ,不动层厚度仅为 1～ 2个水分子层厚度。根据近代表面与胶体化学原理指出 ,液体在储集层中的低速非达西流动不应归咎于流体边界层性质异常 ,而应归咎于岩石中胶体颗粒进入孔隙流体引起的塑性流动 ;气体在含水岩样中的低速非达西流动不应归咎于水膜 ,而应归咎于气体相渗透率滞后现象导致的水在岩样中的重新分布。

电磁力控制翼型失速的实验研究

将条状电极和磁极交错布置的电磁场激活板置于弱电解质溶液中,在流体边界层上产生具有明显分布特征的电磁力(Lorentz力),利用电磁力可以改变流体边界层的结构,控制边界层的流动脱落与分离,可以增加翼型升力,减少其阻力,实现对翼型失速的控制。利用电磁力控制流体边界层的方法属流体主动控制方法之一。本文首先基于电磁场和流体的基本方程,对置于弱电解质中的不同极板宽度的电磁激活板周围的电磁场及产生的Lorentz力进行了数值模拟;其次,通过实验来验证此方法的有效性。将包覆有电磁激活板的翼型置于弱电解质溶液中,利用基于TMS320F2812(DSP芯片)组建的翼型失速实验控制系统来灵活改变翼型的迎角和转速,测量升力和阻力的变化;实验结果表明,正向电磁力能够有效地抑制和延缓翼型失速现象的发生。

有机气相沉积中薄膜厚度分布的模拟研究

有机气相沉积是一种基于载气体传输的有机薄膜生长方式。为了优化沉积参数,提高有机薄膜的均匀性,建立了简化的OVPD模型,模拟了不同传输条件对流体动力学边界层的影响。建立了有机分子沉积模型并利用蒙特卡洛法对边界层内的沉积过程进行仿真。结果表明在133 Pa的操作压强下使气流雷诺数从0.05增加到15,可获得更薄、更均匀的边界层;沉积速度反比于边界层厚度,并且厚度均匀的边界层有助于获得较好的膜厚分布。

Turbulent boundary layers and hydrodynamic flow analysis of nanofluids over a plate

A numerical analysis of the log-law behavior for the turbulent boundary layer of a wall-bounded flow is performed over a flat plate immersed in three nanofluids(Zn O-water,SiO_(2)-water,TiO_(2)-water).Numerical simulations using CFD code are employed to investigate the boundary layer and the hydrodynamic flow.To validate the current numerical model,measurement points from published works were used,and the compared results were in good compliance.Simulations were carried out for the velocity series of 0.04,0.4 and 4 m/s and nanoparticle concentrations0.1% and 5%.The influence of nanoparticles’ concentration on velocity,temperature profiles,wall shear stress,and turbulent intensity was investigated.The obtained results showed that the viscous sub-layer,the buffer layer,and the loglaw layer along the potential-flow layer could be analyzed based on their curving quality in the regions which have just a single wall distance.It was seen that the viscous sub-layer is the biggest area in comparison with other areas.Alternatively,the section where the temperature changes considerably correspond to the thermal boundary layer’s thickness goes a downward trend when the velocity decreases.The thermal boundary layer gets deep away from the leading edge.However,a rise in the volume fraction of nanoparticles indicated a minor impact on the shear stress developed in the wall.In all cases,the thickness of the boundary layer undergoes a downward trend as the velocity increases,whereas increasing the nanoparticle concentrations would enhance the thickness.More precisely,the log layer is closed with log law,and it is minimal between Y^(+)=50 and Y^(+)=95.The temperature for nanoparticle concentration φ=5%is higher than that for φ=0.1%,in boundary layers,for all studied nanofluids.However,it is established that the behavior is inverted from the value of Y^(+)=1 and the temperature for φ =0.1% is more important than the case of φ =5%.For turbulence intensity peak,this peak exists at Y^(+)=100 for v=4 m/s,Y^(+)=10 for v=0.4 m/s and Y^(+)=8 for v=0.04 m/s.

低流速下采区空间瓦斯运移扩散及聚集条件分析

为了更加科学地对发生在采掘区域的瓦斯事故进行预防,运用边界层流体力学理论,研究和分析带有普遍性的低流速情况下的采区巷道瓦斯的运移扩散和时空聚集赋存条件,建立了巷道壁面气体边界层的流体运动方程。针对实际生产中不可避免的巷道断面形态变化而导致风流动压能的不稳定,分析其对瓦斯聚集产生的影响,对于搞好通风安全管理具有重大的理论和现实意义。

Construction of Wave-free Potentials and Multipoles in a Two-layer Fluid Having Free-surface Boundary Condition with Higher-order Derivatives

There is a large class of problems in the field of fluid structure interaction where higher-order boundary conditions arise for a second-order partial differential equation. Various methods are being used to tackle these kind of mixed boundary-value problems associated with the Laplace’s equation （or Helmholtz equation） arising in the study of waves propagating through solids or fluids. One of the widely used methods in wave structure interaction is the multipole expansion method. This expansion involves a general combination of a regular wave, a wave source, a wave dipole and a regular wave-free part. The wave-free part can be further expanded in terms of wave-free multipoles which are termed as wave-free potentials. These are singular solutions of Laplace’s equation or two-dimensional Helmholz equation. Construction of these wave-free potentials and multipoles are presented here in a systematic manner for a number of situations such as two-dimensional non-oblique and oblique waves, three dimensional waves in two-layer fluid with free surface condition with higher order partial derivative are considered. In particular, these are obtained taking into account of the effect of the presence of surface tension at the free surface and also in the presence of an ice-cover modelled as a thin elastic plate. Also for limiting case, it can be shown that the multipoles and wave-free potential functions go over to the single layer multipoles and wave-free potential.

PVC胶料存储罐锥型底部胶料残留原因及防治

从PVC材料黏度变化特性和流体边界层理论分析了PVC原料存储罐锥型底部胶料残留原因,并建立了力学模型,分析罐底残余胶料滑落的条件,用试验验证理论分析,并提出了PVC存储罐清洗频次要求。

Slip flow and variable properties of viscoelastic fluid past a stretching surface embedded in a porous medium with heat generation

This study examines theoretically and computationally the non-Newtonian boundary layer flow and heat transfer for a viscoelastic fluid over a stretching continuous sheet embedded in a porous medium with variable fluid properties, slip velocity, and internal heat generation/absorption. The flow in boundary layer is considered to be generated solely by the stretching of the sheet adjacent to porous medium with boundary wall slip condition. Highly nonlinear momentum and thermal boundary layer equations governing the flow and heat transfer are reduced to set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by appropriate transformation. The resulting ODEs are successfully solved numerically with the help of shooting method. Graphical results are shown for non-dimensional velocities and temperature. The effects of heat generation/absorption parameter, the porous parameter, the viscoelastic parameter, velocity slip parameter, variable thermal conductivity and the Prandtl number on the flow and temperature profiles are presented. Moreover, the local skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt number are presented. Comparison of numerical results is made with the earlier published results under limiting cases.

Boundary layer flow of third grade nanofluid with Newtonian heating and viscous dissipation

Two-dimensional boundary layer flow of an incompressible third grade nanofluid over a stretching surface is investigated.Influence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion is considered in the presence of Newtonian heating and viscous dissipation.Governing nonlinear problems of velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration are solved via homotopic procedure.Convergence is examined graphically and numerically. Results of temperature and nanoparticle concentration are plotted and discussed for various values of material parameters, Prandtl number, Lewis number, Newtonian heating parameter, Eckert number and thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. Numerical computations are performed. The results show that the change in temperature and nanoparticle concentration distribution functions is similar when we use higher values of material parameters β1 andβ2. It is seen that the temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness are increasing functions of Newtonian heating parameter γ.An increase in thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters tends to an enhancement in the temperature.

Numerical Investigation on Two-dimensional Boundary Layer Flow with Transition

As a basic problem in many engineering applications, transition from laminar to turbulence still remains a difficult problem in computational fluid dynamics （CFD）. A numerical study of one transitional flow in two-dimensional is conducted by Reynolds averaged numerical simulation （RANS） in this paper. Turbulence model plays a significant role in the complex flows＇ simulation, and four advanced turbulence models are evaluated. Numerical solution of frictional resistance coefficient is compared with the measured one in the transitional zone, which indicates that Wilcox （2006） k-ω model with correction is the best candidate. Comparisons of numerical and analytical solutions for dimensionless velocity show that averaged streamwise dimensionless velocity profiles correct the shape rapidly in transitional region. Furthermore, turbulence quantities such as turbulence kinetic energy, eddy viscosity, and Reynolds stress are also studied, which are helpful to learn the transition＇s behavior.

An Integral Research of the Flow of a Liquid Film Along a Vertical Wavy Wall

An approximate research on the flow of a two dimensional, steady laminar liquid film along a vertical, long periodic wavy wall is conducted based on boundary layer integration. An ordinary equation about the film evolution is derived. By analyzing the integral equation of the hydrodynamic boundary layer under different Reynolds number domains, the flow characteristics are studied preliminarily. Influences of wall waviness, flow rate on the film development are discussed.

An Investigation of Innovative Experimental and Numerical Techniques to Detect Boundary Layer Transition

Different methods to detect boundary layer transition are investigated within the scope of this paper. Laminar and turbulent boundary layers exhibit a significantly different behavior, not only regarding skin friction but also for heat-transfer which affects the blade cooling design. The present work presents a novel and non-intrusive measurement technique to detect the transition, based on acoustic concepts. The reliability of the technique was investigated by means of boundary layer measurements over a fiat plate in subsonic flow conditions. After a preliminary assessment with a conventional Preston tube, a row of microphones were installed along the plate to correlate transition pressure fluctuations. To provide a comprehensive representation of the experiment, dedicated measurements with a fast response aerodynamic pressure probe were performed to determine the turbulence intensity and the dissipation rate upstream of the flat plate. The experimental results were systematically compared with calculations performed with three different computational fluid dynamics solvers （ANSYS-Fluent, ANSYS-CFX, OpenFOAM） and using both the k-k1-ω and the γ-Reθ transition models. Results show a fair agreement between CFD （computational fluid dynamics） predictions and the acoustic technique, suggesting that this latter might represent an interesting alternative option for transition measurements.

Experimental investigation on flow characteristics of deionized water in microtubes

The flow characteristics of deionized water in microtubes with diameters ranging from 2 to 30 μm are investigated. The experimental results show that the flow characteristics in microtubes with diameters of 16 μm and larger ones are in agreement with the classical theory. However, as the diameters are de-creased to 5 and 2 μm, the nonlinear flow characteristics prevail and the results indicate significant departure of flow characteristics from the predictions of the conventional theory, and the smaller the diameters, the larger the departure. As the Reynolds number increases, the degree of nonlinear flow characteristics decrease gradually and the experimental results are approximately equal to the theo-retical expectation. The minimum Reynolds number in this study is only 2.46×10^(-5).

Hypersonic flow control of shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions using magnetohydrodynamic plasma actuators

The effect of magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)plasma actuators on the control of hypersonic shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions is investigated here using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes calculations with low magnetic Reynolds number approximation.A Mach 5 oblique shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction was adopted as the basic configuration in this numerical study in order to assess the effects of flow control using different combinations of magnetic field and plasma.Results show that just the thermal effect of plasma under experimental actuator parameters has no significant impact on the flow field and can therefore be neglected.On the basis of the relative position of control area and separation point,MHD control can be divided into four types and so effects and mechanisms might be different.Amongst these,D-type control leads to the largest reduction in separation length using magnetically-accelerated plasma inside an isobaric dead-air region.A novel parameter for predicting the shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction control based on Lorentz force acceleration is then proposed and the controllability of MHD plasma actuators under different MHD interaction parameters is studied.The results of this study will be insightful for the further design of MHD control in hypersonic vehicle inlets.