A new hole-flanging method for thick plate by upsetting process

Flange height and lip accuracy are generally restricted by the formability of sheet metals in the conventional hole-flanging operation. A new hole-flanging process, named upsetting-flanging process, was proposed to obtain a more substantial flange from thick plate. The finite element method （FEM） with DEFORM was utilized to simulate the novel upsetting-flanging process and the influence of geometric parameters on the flange height was studied in details. A series of flanging experiments with A1050P-O were carried out to validate the FEM results, and the variations of Vicker hardness in the plate section were discussed. The results showed that the newly upsetting-flanging process revealed higher flange height and better lip accuracy than the conventional hole-flanging process, and the results between FEM simulations and experiments showed good agreement. Besides, the hardness of the plate around the flange part increases due to the work hardening after the upsetting-flanging process, which reveals better superiority in strength for the subsequent machining or assembling processes.

建兰新品种‘银边富山奇蝶’

建兰新品种‘银边富山奇蝶’(Cymbidium ensifolium'Yinbianfushanqidie')是建兰富山奇蝶(Cymbidium ensifolium'Fushanqidie')自然芽变中选育出的新品种。与传统建兰富山奇蝶相比,其叶边带有银白色边艺,更具观赏性。可在华南等地栽培。

Prediction of crack location and propagation in stretch flanging process of aluminum alloy AA-5052 sheet using FEM simulation

The stretch flanging process is significantly affected by various geometrical,material and process parameters.The punch-die clearance and initial flange length are main parameters which have major effects on the edge crack location and strain distribution along die profile radius in the flange.Non-axisymmetric stretch flanging process of AA-5052 sheet metal blanks was carried out by numerical simulation to predict the deformation behavior of flange,location and propagation of crack in flange and to investigate the effect of punch die clearance,flange length,die and punch profile radius and friction in the stretch flanging process.The experimental investigations were made to validate the simulations results.The results reveal that the crack length increases with the increase in the flange length.It is found that the flange length has a significant effect in circumferential direction as compared with the radial direction.The punch die clearance has the most significant effect in crack propagation in comparison with flange length.The circumferential strain is found to be larger in the case of punch having the profile radius less than the die profile radius,which leads to faster edge crack propagation.A close agreement is found between simulation and experimental results in terms of location of edge crack and forming load.

Peering Into Culture of Ancient Bukhara

Ancient Bukhara is the cultural and educational center of East which made huge contribution to a treasury of world art. Culture and art buildings were built in Bukhara and around its territory. Ancient Bukhara turned out as one of the biggest centers of Middle East in the period （era） of outstanding Somoniy （in the IX-X centuries） and Temurids （in the XIV-XV centuries）, particular, its developed literature, culture, architecture, and music art; especially, as being the capital of dynasty Mangits （at the beginning of the century XVIII-XX）, served as the groundwork of forming Shashmakom samples in groups. This time among a number of poets and artists, lived Akhmad Danish--the most mature scientist, philosopher, poet, calligrapher, and painter, Abdurauf Fitrat--poet and writer, theoretician, musician and political activist.

Inter-border Integration of Fashion Design and Contemporary Art

With the development of economy and society, every comer of the world＇ s cultural and spiritual civilization are closely linked together, At the same time, the clothing and contemporary art are in the big tide of mutual penetration and mutual influence. Contemporary art has influenced on the costume design. Costume design can play their own advantages in art tide, toward a higher point. The passage from the clothing design and other fields of contemporary art in the process of cross-border integration explores the future development trend of garment design.

Effects of deformation parameters on formation of pro-eutectoid cementite in hypereutectoid steels

Brittle pro-eutectoid cementite that forms along prior-austenite in hypereutectoid steels is deleterious to mechanical properties. The optimum process parameters which suppress the formation of pro-eutectoid cementite in hypereutectoid steels with carbon content in the range of 0.8%-1.3% in mass fraction, were investigated. Pro-eutectoid cementite formation is effectively hindered by increasing the deformation temperature and decreasing the amount of strain. Transformation at lower temperatures close to the nose of the cooling-transformation diagram also reduces the tendency of the formation of pro-eutectoid cementite. Control of prior-austenite grain size and grain boundary conditions is important. Due to larger number of nucleation sites, finer prior-austenite grain size results in the acceleration of transformation to pro-eutectoid cementite. However, large prior-austenite and straight boundaries lead to less nucleation sites of pro-eutectoid cementite. The cooling rate and carbon content should be reduced as much as possible. The transformation temperature below 660 °C and the strain of 0.5 at deformation temperature of 850 °C are suggested.

Study on Longitudinal Gas Permeability of Air-dried Masson Pine Sapwood

Measurement of the longitudinal gas permeability was made for air-dried sapwood specimens from Masson pine （Pinus massoniana）. Results showed that air-dried Masson pine sapwood was one of the most permeable softwoods. The inv,,stigated specimens had an average longitudinal gas permeability of 4.60 ×10^13 m^3/m, and the permeablity ranged from 1.06×10^-13 to 1.12×10^-12 m^3/m. The Kruskal Wallis Test indicated that, generally, there was no correlation between the longitudinal gas permeability and the trees from which specimens were prepared, and tree height had no significant effect on the longitudinal gas permeability.