教育的本质在于人性的自我迁化——荀子“化性起伪”说正义

荀子的教育思想具有鲜明的儒家特色,它强调人自身潜能的挖掘和发挥的重要性,教育的目的是道德人格的培养和提升。教育是一个自我迁化的过程,是自觉的过程,荀子把这个过程称之为"化性起伪"。荀子重视后天的修为和创造,并特别重视礼乐教化,他以合理的礼乐作为人道原则,以礼乐教化作为化性起伪的基本途径。荀子的教育思想对我们如今所提倡的素质教育很具有借鉴意义。

中国鱼文化的变迁

文化是特定社会的行为模式，作为人类的创造，它适应着一定的自然与社会条件，同时又制约着人类的活动。文化又大多是整合的，一文化的要素和特点大都相互适应并和谐一致。文化的适应和整合就意味着文化的不断变迁（卡·恩伯—梅·恩伯《文化的变异—现代文化人类学通讯》第二章，辽宁人民出版社，1988年）。“文化变迁”

“懋迁有无化居”与中国古代平均思想辨正

历代学者多将《尚书》中的“懋迁有无化居”一语解释为交易有无的商业行为。本文经钩稽考证指出 ,此乃文献记载上关于平均思想的最早概念表达。平均乃是受到自然法理启发的古老观念 ,它既与民本思想相通 ,也是中国古代国家调整社会财产分配关系的一项基本政策指导意识 ,始终具有国家政治的属性。农民的平均要求是受此主流思想启发下的权利意识自觉。由于平均思想的社会生存土壤始终是等级制 ,因此所谓绝对平均主义的概念也只能是一种主观虚构。

一次别开生面的鲁迅研究盛会——“鲁迅与少数民族文化”学术讨论会纪实

由中国鲁迅研究学会、新疆社联和新疆鲁迅研究学会联合发起的“鲁迅与少数民族文化”学术讨论会,于1990年9月13日至18日在乌鲁木齐市新疆师范大学胜利召开。来自北京、上海、天津、辽宁、安徽、福建、广东、广西、新疆等省市自治区的代表60余名。其中有著名的教授、专家、学者托科提·巴克(维吾尔族)、郭基南(锡伯族)、邵伯周、李福田、张恩和、雷声宏、丹碧(蒙古族)、莱扎提(哈萨克族)等。会议收到论文20余篇。

玄佛合流和陶渊明的空幻感

东晋后期玄佛合流的趋势使社会思想变得平静,生活于其时的陶渊明在为人和诗文上都超出了当时士人,表现得更为平静,更为彻悟,极具佛教的意味。虽然他并未接受佛教的信仰,但使之致于虚静的迁化观正深契佛学的义理。他的虚静正是玄佛合流的思潮潜移默化的结果。

Improvement of High-Speed Detection Algorithm for Nonwoven Material Defects Based on Machine Vision

Defect detection is vital in the nonwoven material industry,ensuring surface quality before producing finished products.Recently,deep learning and computer vision advancements have revolutionized defect detection,making it a widely adopted approach in various industrial fields.This paper mainly studied the defect detection method for nonwoven materials based on the improved Nano Det-Plus model.Using the constructed samples of defects in nonwoven materials as the research objects,transfer learning experiments were conducted based on the Nano DetPlus object detection framework.Within this framework,the Backbone,path aggregation feature pyramid network(PAFPN)and Head network models were compared and trained through a process of freezing,with the ultimate aim of bolstering the model's feature extraction abilities and elevating detection accuracy.The half-precision quantization method was used to optimize the model after transfer learning experiments,reducing model weights and computational complexity to improve the detection speed.Performance comparisons were conducted between the improved model and the original Nano Det-Plus model,YOLO,SSD and other common industrial defect detection algorithms,validating that the improved methods based on transfer learning and semi-precision quantization enabled the model to meet the practical requirements of industrial production.

论荀子德性自我价值实现层次的三重建构

在荀子的道德世界观中,身与心、欲与礼、德与伦始终处于内在的冲突之中,由于身性所具有的外在的倾向与外在的礼仪的实体分离与紧张,使荀子不同于孟子的心性之养,更不同于庄子以齐致和的成德之维,其修养的价值旨归在于成就德性自我,在礼义规范的认同、体验中确立个体人格的道德主体地位,而把外在的约束转化为内心的道德自觉,其基本原理是以心为知性主体通过辨、分的方式而识人心之蔽,而解蔽的过程意味着心能识道并积累经验不断地改造人的情性,产生正确的道德判断,作出适合的道德抉择,是与行、积、渐相始终的不断矫情化性、复反其初的德性自我迁化,是与外界的圣人人格境界为目标并在伪的道德实践中淬炼情性、化民成德的人格的自我提升和自我完善。

Migration and Transformation of Coated Controlled Release Nitrogen in Soil under Co-situs Application Mode

By using field trials, the migration and transformation of coated controlled release nitrogen （YZS80） in soil under the co-situs application mode were studied. The results indicated that YZS80 nitrogen dissolved out in average speed of about 0.4%/d and 32% totally in 80 d compared with common compound fertUizer. For YZS80, in the vertical downward direction of application points, urea nitrogen content increased significantly （P 〈0.05） in the 45 -80 d and the 30 -60 cm soil layers; nitrate nitrogen content was little change range and in moderate （10 -100 mg/kg） in 0 -80 d and 10 -60 cm soil layers, but increased significantly （ P 〈0.05） 45 -80 d compared to 0 -45 d; ammonium nitrogen content was significant lower （P〈0.05） before 45 d in 10 -30 cm soil layers, but significant higher（P〈0.05） after 45 d in 10 -60 cm soil layers; NO3^- -N/NH4^＋ -N meets gradually the needs of the crop with the extension of time. Under the co-situs application mode, the possibility of burning root and salt injury and loss dsk of nitrate leaching is a significant reduction.

Moisture Movement and Transformation Law under Soil Moisture Conserving Irrigation in Winter Wheat Field

[Objective] The aim was to provide theoretical basis for field moisture conserving irrigation.[Method] With Xiaoyan No.6 as tested material,three different kinds of mulching irrigation treatments were carried out （straw mulching;plastic mulching;PAM control adjustment mulching）.With non-mulching treatment as control,moisture conserving effect of different treatments were compared.[Result] The results showed that the water consumption of winter wheat under different soil moisture conservation treatments was low at earlier stage and later stage,but high at mid-stage,which was consistent with the water consumption law of control.There were some differences in terms of consumption intensity because of irrigation schedule and growth condition;soil moisture conservation treatments could restrain ineffective evaporation of soil moisture before anthesis.We also found that the variation of soil moisture at depth of 0-20 cm in PAM and control treatment was dramatic.The soil moisture of the former was lower than the latter at the depth of 0-20 cm,but higher at the depth of 20-50 cm.The difference of soil moisture at the depth of 0-50 cm was significant.[Conclusion] Plastic mulching and straw mulching could restrain evaporation effectively.

Targeted migration and differentiation of engrafted neural precursor cells in amyloid β-treated hippocampus in rats

Objective To observe the migration and differentiation of the neural precursor cells （NPCs） that derived from murine embryonic stem cells （ESCs） when they were transplanted into amyloid β （Aβ）-treated rat hippocampus. Methods MESPU35, a murine ESC cell line that express the enhanced green fluorescent protein （EGFP）, was induced differentiation into nestin-positive NPCs by modified serum-free methods. The Aβ plaques and the differentiation of the grafted cells were observed by immunofluorescent staining. Results Comparing 16 weeks with 4 weeks post-transplantation, the migration distance increased about 5 times; the rate of migratory NPCs differentiating into glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）-positive cells kept rising from （30.41 ± 1.45）% to （49.25± 1.23）%, and the rate of NPCs differentiating into neurofilament 200 （NF200） positive cells increased from （16.68±0.95）% to （27.94± 1.21）%. Meanwhile, the GFAP-positive cells targeting to the ipsilateral side of Aβ plaques increased from 60.2% to 81.3 %, while the NF200-positive cells increased from 61.3% to 84.1%. The migration distance had significant positive linear correlations to the neuronal differentiation rate （r = 0.991） and to the astrocytic differentiation rate （r = 0.953）. Conclusion Engrafted NPCs migrate targetedly to the Aβ injection site and differentiate into neurons and astrocytes.

In situ formation of RE_2S_3 and RE_2O_2 S phases on sinter skin of Cr–mischmetal co-doped WC-Co alloy

The as-sintered sinter skin of WC-11Co-0.71Cr3C2-0.06RE cemented carbide with WC＋βmicrostructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope and X-ray diffractometer. RE represents La-, Ce-, Pr- and Nd-containing mischmetal, andβis cobalt-based binder phase. It was discovered that La, Ce, Pr and Nd migrated directionally from the alloy to the sinter skin to combine with the impurity elements S and O from the sintering atmosphere during the sintering process. As a result, main dispersed phase RE2S3 and minor RE2O2S were formed in situ on the sinter skin. The mechanisms for the stimulation of the migration activity and the directional migration of RE atoms were discussed in terms of the thermodynamics stability of Cr3C2, solubility characteristic of Cr in Co and the polarization or ionization of RE atoms.

Migration behavior of solidification nuclei in pure Al melt under effect of electric current pulse

A mathematical model considering free nuclei was developed to reveal the migration behavior of the free nuclei. Numerical simulation results show that most of the nuclei on the top surface of the melt move downwards and distribute randomly inside the Al melt, which induces more nucleation sites resulting in grain refinement. At the same time, the effect of nuclei size on the nuclei distribution and refinement employing electric current pulse （ECP） was also investigated. The smaller nuclei migrate a short distance with the Al melt at lower speed. But for the larger nuclei, the migration downwards with higher speed benefits the refinement of interior grains of the melt. The research results help to better understand the refinement process and provide a more reasonable explanation of the grain refinement mechanism using ECP.

A Radial Stub Test Circuit for Microwave Power Devices

With the principles of microwave circuits and semiconductor device physics, two microwave power device test circuits combined with a test fixture are designed and simulated, whose properties are evaluated by a parameter network analyzer within the frequency range from 3 to 8GHz. The simulation and experimental results verify that the test circuit with a radial stub is better than that without. As an example, a C-band AlGaN/GaN HEMT microwave power device is tested with the designed circuit and fixture. With a 5.4GHz microwave input signal,the maximum gain is 8.75dB,and the maximum output power is 33.2dBm.

MODELING METHOD FOR CROSSCUTTING CONCERNS IN CONCURRENT SOFTWARE SYSTEM

A method for modeling crosscutting concerns in the concurrent software system is presented based on the aspect-oriented（A-O） technique and the statechart of unified modeling language （UML）. Modeled with UML statechart diagrams, the primary system functions and corresponding traversal features are enveloped into various orthogonal regions of a composite state. The mutual relationships between orthogonal regions are implied by the orders of broadcast events. Using a modular transition system as a basic computational model, the formalization description of A-O statechart models is proposed. The precise semantics of model elements and modeling procedures is given. The example study indicates that the separation strategy of crosscutting concerns is implemented in the design phase of the concurrent software system with this method. Meanwhile, the software modeling method has advantages of loose coupling, adaptability and traceability.

Effect of temperature on interface diffusion in micro solder joint under current stressing

The effects of temperature on Cu pad consumption and intermetallic compound（IMC） growth were investigated under current stressing. The Cu/Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu（SAC305）/Cu solder joints were used, with a certain current density of 0.76×104A/cm^2 at 100, 140, 160 and 180 °C. The constitutive equations of cathode Cu pad consumption and anode interface IMC growth are established, respectively, based on the loading time and sample temperature. The cathode Cu pad consumption（δ） increases linearly with the loading time and the consumption rate shows parabolic curve relationships with sample temperature. The anode interface IMC thickness（δ1） increased is linearly with the square root of loading time and the interface IMC growth coefficient shows parabolic curve relationship with sample temperature. The δ and δ1 have different variation laws under current stressing, due to the current facilitating larger amount of IMC formation in the bulk solder.

MOCVD-Grown AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT Structure with High Mobility GaN Thin Layer as Channel on SiC

AlGaN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） structures with a high-mobility GaN thin layer as a channel are grown on high resistive 6H-SiC substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The HEMT structure exhibits a typical two-dimensional electron gas （2DEG） mobility of 1944cm^2/（V·s） at room temperature and 11588cm^2/（V ·s） at 80K with almost equal 2DEG concentrations of about 1.03 × 10^13 cm^-2. High crystal quality of the HEMT structures is confirmed by triple-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Atomic force microscopy measurements reveal a smooth AlGaN surface with a root-mean-square roughness of 0.27nm for a scan area of 10μm × 10μm. HEMT devices with 0.8μm gate length and 1.2mm gate width are fabricated using the structures. A maximum drain current density of 957mA/mm and an extrinsic transconductance of 267mS/mm are obtained.

On the social-cultural changes of English and Chinese words from ＂jiayou＂

Word is the most active factor in the research of culture connotations and it is essential in understanding the culture of target language. This article not only attempts to analyze non-equivalence in semantic and cultural connotation of words between Chinese and English words from cross-cultural perspective, but also highlights the profound understanding of the relation of culture, and language is the best way to avoid cross-cultural barriers and obstacles. Finally, by elaborating the loan words between two different cultures, the paper maintains the cultural integration out of respect, appreciation and acceptance is the embodiment of human social and cultural development of human society and the vitality of the cultural changes.

Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Grown by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) materials are grown by RF plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF-MBE) and HEMT devices are fabricated and characterized.The HEMT materials have a mobility of 1035cm2/(V·s) at sheet electron concentration of 1.0×10 13cm -2at room temperature.For the devices fabricated using the materials,a maximum saturation drain-current density of 925mA/mm and a peak extrinsic transconductance of 186mS/mm are obtained on devices with gate length and width of 1μm and 80μm respectively.The f t,unit-current-gain frequency of the devices,is about 18.8GHz.

Influence of Polarization-Induced Electric Fields on Optical Properties of Intersubband Transitions in Al_xGa_(1-x)N/GaN Double Quantum Wells

The influence of polarization-induced electric fields on the electron distribution and the optical properties of intersubband transitions （ISBT） in AlxGa（1-x）N/GaN coupled double quantum wells （DQWs） is investigated by self-consistent calculation. It is found that the polarization-induced potential drop leads to an asymmetric potential profile of AlxGa（1-x）N/GaN DQWs even though the two wells have the same width and depth. The polarization effects result in a very large Stark shift between the odd and even order subbands,thus shortening the wavelength of the ISBT between the first odd order and the second even order （1odd-2 ） subbands. Meanwhile, the electron distribution becomes asymmetric due to the polarization effects, and the absorption coefficient of the 1odd-2 ISBT decreases with increasing polarization field discontinuity.