The receptor for autocrine motility factor (AMFR) is known to be involved in the process of AMF-mediated cell migration and metastasis. This paper describes the procedures of non-radioactive in situ hybridization (ISH...The receptor for autocrine motility factor (AMFR) is known to be involved in the process of AMF-mediated cell migration and metastasis. This paper describes the procedures of non-radioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) detection of AMFR mRNA in both paraffin-embedded surgical sections and cultured cells using either biotinylated oligonucleotide probes or digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes. The results showed that the AMFR mRNA was expressed at an enhanced level in hyperplaJstic and malignant tissues of breast and prostate cancer patient surgical specimens, indicating that the elevated AMFR expression was associated with the tissue malignancy Moreover, AMFR mRNA was detected in both normal and earcinoma cells when cultured at a subconfluent density. However, AMFR expression was inhibited in confluent normal (3T3-A31 murine fibroblast and FHs738BL human bladder) cells while it continued to express in carcinoma (J82 human bladder)and metastatic (3T3-M murine fibroblast) cells irrespective of cell density This suggested a cell-cell contact downregulation of AMFR mRNA expression in normal but not in cancer cells. The ISH data obtained in this study are closely consistent with the AMFR protein expression pattern previously reported, implying that the differential expression of AMFR gene may be regulated and controlled at the transcriptional level.展开更多
Recently-developed capabilities for tracking the movements of individual birds over the course of a year or longer has provided increasing evidence for consistent individual differences in migration schedules and dest...Recently-developed capabilities for tracking the movements of individual birds over the course of a year or longer has provided increasing evidence for consistent individual differences in migration schedules and destinations. This raises questions about the relative importance of individual consistency versus flexibility in the evolution of migration strategies, and has implications for the ability of populations to respond to climatic change. Using geolocators, we tracked the migrations of Scopoli＇s shearwaters Calonectris diomedea breeding in Linosa （Italy） across three years, and analysed timing and spatial aspects of their movements. Birds showed remarkable variation in their main wintering destination along the western coast of Africa. We found significant individual consistency in the total distance traveled, time spent in transit, and time that individuals spent in the win- tering areas. We found extensive sex differences in scheduling, duration, distances and destinations of migratory journeys. We also found sex differences in the degree of individual consistency in aspects of migration behaviour. Despite strong evidence for individual consistency, which indicates that migration journeys from the same bird tended to be more similar than those of dif- ferent birds, there remained substantial intra-individual variation between years. Indeed, we also found clear annual differences in departure dates, return dates, wintering period, the total distance traveled and re^rn routes from wintering grounds back to the colony. These findings show that this population flexibly shifts migration schedules as well as routes between years in response to direct or indirect effects of heterogeneity in the environment, while maintaining consistent individual migration strategies [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 631-641, 2014].展开更多
文摘The receptor for autocrine motility factor (AMFR) is known to be involved in the process of AMF-mediated cell migration and metastasis. This paper describes the procedures of non-radioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) detection of AMFR mRNA in both paraffin-embedded surgical sections and cultured cells using either biotinylated oligonucleotide probes or digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes. The results showed that the AMFR mRNA was expressed at an enhanced level in hyperplaJstic and malignant tissues of breast and prostate cancer patient surgical specimens, indicating that the elevated AMFR expression was associated with the tissue malignancy Moreover, AMFR mRNA was detected in both normal and earcinoma cells when cultured at a subconfluent density. However, AMFR expression was inhibited in confluent normal (3T3-A31 murine fibroblast and FHs738BL human bladder) cells while it continued to express in carcinoma (J82 human bladder)and metastatic (3T3-M murine fibroblast) cells irrespective of cell density This suggested a cell-cell contact downregulation of AMFR mRNA expression in normal but not in cancer cells. The ISH data obtained in this study are closely consistent with the AMFR protein expression pattern previously reported, implying that the differential expression of AMFR gene may be regulated and controlled at the transcriptional level.
文摘Recently-developed capabilities for tracking the movements of individual birds over the course of a year or longer has provided increasing evidence for consistent individual differences in migration schedules and destinations. This raises questions about the relative importance of individual consistency versus flexibility in the evolution of migration strategies, and has implications for the ability of populations to respond to climatic change. Using geolocators, we tracked the migrations of Scopoli＇s shearwaters Calonectris diomedea breeding in Linosa （Italy） across three years, and analysed timing and spatial aspects of their movements. Birds showed remarkable variation in their main wintering destination along the western coast of Africa. We found significant individual consistency in the total distance traveled, time spent in transit, and time that individuals spent in the win- tering areas. We found extensive sex differences in scheduling, duration, distances and destinations of migratory journeys. We also found sex differences in the degree of individual consistency in aspects of migration behaviour. Despite strong evidence for individual consistency, which indicates that migration journeys from the same bird tended to be more similar than those of dif- ferent birds, there remained substantial intra-individual variation between years. Indeed, we also found clear annual differences in departure dates, return dates, wintering period, the total distance traveled and re^rn routes from wintering grounds back to the colony. These findings show that this population flexibly shifts migration schedules as well as routes between years in response to direct or indirect effects of heterogeneity in the environment, while maintaining consistent individual migration strategies [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 631-641, 2014].
