透视现代农村“过寿礼仪”——以江苏北部H村为例

不同时代都有各具特色的礼俗,但任何礼俗,都是前代旧俗的延续与发展,随着改革开放和城市化的发展,农村的"过寿礼仪"也不例外。本文通过对农村"过寿礼仪"的描述,对比今昔"过寿礼仪"的异同,突出人物的地位变化,表述了农村文化习俗逐渐由传统走向现代,从落后趋于文明的鲜明表征。

赵老黑过寿(二人转)

男 我在嘹望，马路之上，有多少梦想在自由飞翔…… 女（数）一辆宝马快如飞，一对夫妻把家归。 男 老爹过寿，冥思苦想，我要让他生日过得敞亮。

略谈《三国志》与裴注的数量问题

晋代史学家陈寿以很高的史学才能,将汉末至西晋数十年纷繁复杂的史事,撰成《三国志》六十五卷,是一部不朽的史学名著。刘宋学者裴松之奉诏为《三国志》作注,博采群书,兼收并蓄,内容丰富,甚得宋文帝称赞,云“此为不朽矣”。这样便产生了《三国志》与裴注孰优的问题。 贬裴注的人们说它繁杂。大家经常称引的有唐代刘知几《史通·补注》的那段话:“少期集注国志,以广承作所遗,而喜聚异同,不加刊定,恣其击难,坐长烦芜。”还有叶水心就把裴注贬低得更厉害,他说:“近世有谓《三国志》当更修完者,盖见注所载,尚有诸书,不知寿尽取而为书矣。注之所载皆寿书之弃余也。”（《文献通考》卷一九一）唐代文中子王通称赞《三国志》笔削高处遍马班（详《文献通考》卷一九一》）。大体说来,贬裴注而褒寿书的竟见是裴注芜杂而寿书笔削甚高。

Heterogeneous Uptake of Hydrogen Peroxide on Mineral Oxides

The interaction of mineral oxides （α-A12O3, MgO, Fe2O3, and SiO2） with hydrogen peroxide was investigated using the Knudsen cell reactor. The initial reactive uptake coefficients for tile commercially available powders are measured as （1.00±0.11）×10-4 for α-A1203, （1.66±0.23）×10-4 for MgO, （9.70±1.95）×10-5 for Fe203, and （5.22±0.9）×10-5 for SiO2. These metal oxide powders exhibit some catalytic behavior toward the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide excluding SiO2. H2O2 can be destroyed on Fe2O3 surface and O2 is formed. The experimental results suggest that the heterogeneous loss on mineral surface can represent an important sink of hydrogen peroxide.

电话声声

黄明:职工(黄)桂梅:大夫,黄妻(梅)[黄明家,台中设大沙发,右有衣架、左置电话机。[幕启,黄正对着电话机。黄喂,什么?……噢,是您的小公子十二岁生日?……哪一天?……8月21号?……(苦笑地)好,恭喜恭喜!……我一定去,一定去。(放下话筒)唉,又是一家!过去人们常说:“人情门户紧如债,急得背上锅儿卖。”如今更是“请柬一到,心惊肉跳,电话一来,就要破财。”大前天厂长的岳母过寿,送了50多块钱的礼,今天这科长的女儿又要出嫁,唉!……(黄收拾礼品,忽听有人敲门,

Residual life estimation based on bivariate Wiener degradation process with measurement errors

An adaptive method of residual life estimation for deteriorated products with two performance characteristics (PCs) was proposed, which was sharply different from existing work that only utilized one-dimensional degradation data. Once new degradation information was available, the residual life of the product being monitored could be estimated in an adaptive manner. Here, it was assumed that the degradation of each PC over time was governed by a Wiener degradation process and the dependency between them was characterized by the Frank copula function. A bivariate Wiener process model with measurement errors was used to model the degradation measurements. A two-stage method and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method were combined to estimate the unknown parameters in sequence. Results from a numerical example about fatigue cracks show that the proposed method is valid as the relative error is small.

Life prediction of Ni-Cd battery based on linearWiener process

Predicting the life of Ni-Cd battery for electric multiple units(EMU)can not only improve the safety and reliability of battery,but also reduce the operating costs of EMU.For this reason,a life prediction method based on linear Wiener process is proposed,which is suitable for both monotonic and non-monotonic degraded systems with accurate results.Firstly,a unary linear Wiener degradation model is established,and the parameters of the model are estimated by using the expectation-maximization algorithm(EM).With the established model,the remaining useful life(RUL)of Ni Cd battery and its distribution are obtained.Then based on the unary Wiener process degradation model,the correlation between capacity and energy is analyzed through Copula function to build a binary linear Wiener degradation model,where its parameters are estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC)method.Finally,according to the binary Wiener process model,the battery RUL and its distribution are acquired.The experimental results show that the binary linear Wiener degradation model based on capacity and energy possesses higher accuracy than the unary linear wiener process degradation model.

Real time remaining useful life prediction based on nonlinear Wiener based degradation processes with measurement errors

Real time remaining useful life(RUL) prediction based on condition monitoring is an essential part in condition based maintenance(CBM). In the current methods about the real time RUL prediction of the nonlinear degradation process, the measurement error is not considered and forecasting uncertainty is large. Therefore, an approximate analytical RUL distribution in a closed-form of a nonlinear Wiener based degradation process with measurement errors was proposed. The maximum likelihood estimation approach was used to estimate the unknown fixed parameters in the proposed model. When the newly observed data are available, the random parameter is updated by the Bayesian method to make the estimation adapt to the item's individual characteristic and reduce the uncertainty of the estimation. The simulation results show that considering measurement errors in the degradation process can significantly improve the accuracy of real time RUL prediction.

Increased life-span of Drosophila melanogaster by Flavonoids from Scutellariabaicalensis Georgi induced by hydrogen peroxide

Objective： To explore the effects and mechanisms of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in hydrogenperoxide （H2O2） induced Drosophila melanogaster model. Method： H2O2 induced Drosophila melanogaster agingmodel was used to study the effects of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Secondly, the effects ofbaicalein and wogonin on mRNA expressions were examined. Results： Our results found that baicalein andwogonin could extend the life-spans of H2O2 induced Drosophila melanogaster aging model via increased mRNAexpressions of superoxide dismutase catalase and rosy. Conclusion： Baicalein and wogonin could extend life-spansof H2O2 induced Drosophila melanogaster aging model through increasing mRNA expressions of superoxidedismutase, catalase and rosy.

Remaining useful life estimation based on Wiener degradation processes with random failure threshold

Remaining useful life(RUL) estimation based on condition monitoring data is central to condition based maintenance(CBM). In the current methods about the Wiener process based RUL estimation, the randomness of the failure threshold has not been studied thoroughly. In this work, by using the truncated normal distribution to model random failure threshold(RFT), an analytical and closed-form RUL distribution based on the current observed data was derived considering the posterior distribution of the drift parameter. Then, the Bayesian method was used to update the prior estimation of failure threshold. To solve the uncertainty of the censored in situ data of failure threshold, the expectation maximization(EM) algorithm is used to calculate the posteriori estimation of failure threshold. Numerical examples show that considering the randomness of the failure threshold and updating the prior information of RFT could improve the accuracy of real time RUL estimation.

Spectral Transmittance of Di-methyl Silicon Oil as a Heat Transfer Material for Concentrator Solar Cells

The accelerated life test was carded out to investigate the change of spectral transmittance of di-methyl silicon oil and the effects on the electrical performance of silicon solar cell. The di-methyl silicon oil samples be- fore and after accelerated life test were analyzed by FT-IR, GC-MS and LC-MS. The ring compounds and linear compounds with larger molecular weight were detected. The spectral transmittance of di-methyl silicon oil de- creased because the chromophore and auxochrome of the products made a sunlight receive decrease on the surface of the solar celt, and resulted in the reduction of cell performance. According to the decrease of spectral transmit- tance of di-methyl silicon oil, two recovery methods were proposed. The results showed that extraction was supe- rior to vacuum distillation in recovering the aged di-methyl silicon oil.

Dynamic Bayesian Network Based Prognosis in Machining Processes

Condition based maintenance (CBM) is becoming more and more popular in equipment main-tenance. A prerequisite to widespread deployment of CBM technology and practice in industry is effective diagnostics and prognostics. A dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) based prognosis method was investigated to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) for an equipment. First, a DBN based prognosis framework and specific steps for building a DBN based prognosis model were presented. Then, the corresponding inference algorithms for DBN based prognosis were provided. Finally, a prognosis procedure based on particle filtering algorithms was used to predict the RUL of drill-bits of a vertical drilling machine, which is commonly used in industrial process. Preliminary experimental results are promising.

A Proposal of Deciding Fatigue Strength in Bending Fatigue Test

Generally, the fatigue crack is initiated and then it is propagated toward the welding direction and the thickness direction. Finally, the joints lose the resistance to the external force. At present, as there is no deciding method of the fatigue strength （fatigue life）, this paper proposed it from the result obtained by bending test for fillet welded joints. Judging initiation of the fatigue crack from the measured value of strain gages, there was a possibility that the fatigue crack occurred at both sides of fillet welded joints. However, this was a different result from that of macrograph of cross section. On the other hand, the results obtained by FSM （field signature method） coincided with the result of macrograph of cross section. For the initial state, potential difference obtained by the electrostatic analysis based on FEM （finite element method） and that by FSM was accurately coincided. After confirming validity of the crack model for analysis, the crack model was specified by reproducing the propagating process of crack accurately through trial and error. It was concluded that the state which could not resist to the external force was regarded as fatigue strength based on equivalent stress obtained by elastic stress analysis for specified crack model. From the experimental result, it was proposed that 90% of repetition number corresponding to the state which could not resist to the external force （at the finish of the test） was regarded as fatigue strength （fatigue life） in consideration of safety and as the first approximation.

Demand Model for Investment-oriented Life Insurance under uncertain lifetime

In this paper, we set up continuous time model with Poisson Process to analyze demand of investment-oriented life insurance. Individual life time is assumed random, and he is received fixed income, investment-oriented life insurance is an important financial asset under this model. Dynamic programming is applied to analyze this problem. The optimal explicit solutions are obtained in the case of CRRA utilities, and draw its demand curve with numerical simulation.

Comparison between the Energy Required for Production of PV Module and the Output Energy Througout the Product Life Time

Electrical energy consumption is growing and is necessary to improve the technologies related to energy production. We have carried out a pilot study about environmental impacts during the manufacturing process of PV （photovoltaic） modules and compared between the energy requirement for the production of PV cells and modules and generation throughout the life time of the finished good that is PV module. It was taken into account the generation of environmental aspects and impacts in the manufacture of monocrystalline silicon PV modules （consisting of three components： silicon cell, fiat tempered glass and aluminum frame）, and an analysis of a grid-connected PV system using an energetic alternative in residences was considered. Results show that, this kind of renewable energy is really clean and can be considered as a way to change the energy technology.

Numerical study on solid–liquid phase change in paraffin as phase change material for battery thermal management

With the large latent heat and low cost, the paraffin has been widely used in battery thermal management(BTM) system to improve the efficiency and cycling life of power battery. The numerical model of paraffin melting in a cavity has been established, and the effects on the solid–liquid phase change process have been investigated for the purpose of enhancing the heat transfer performance of paraffin-based BTM system. The results showed that the location of the heating wall had great effects on the melting process. The paraffin in the cavity melted most quickly when the heating wall located at the bottom. Furthermore, the effects of thermal conductivity and the velocity of the slip wall have been considered. The gradient of liquid fraction increased with the increase in thermal conductivity, and the melting process could be accelerated or delayed by the slip wall with different velocity.

1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone: an ideal electrolyte solvent for high-performance Li–O;battery with pretreated Li anode

Electrolytes are widely considered as a key component in Li–O;batteries (LOBs) because they greatly affect the discharge-charge reaction kinetics and reversibility.Herein,we report that 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) is an excellent electrolyte solvent for LOBs.Comparing with conventional ether and sulfone based electrolytes,it has higher Li_(2)O_(2)and Li_(2)CO_(3)solubility,which on the one hand depresses cathode passivation during discharge,and on the other hand promotes the liquid-phase redox shuttling during charge,and consequently lowers the overpotential and improves the cyclability of the battery.However,despite the many advantages at the cathode side,DMI is not stable with bare Li anode.Thus,we have developed a pretreatment method to grow a protective artificial solid-state electrolyte interface(SEI) to prevent the unfavorable side-reactions on Li.The SEI film was formed via the reaction between fluorine-rich organic reagents and Li metal.It is composed of highly Li^(+)-conducting Li_(x)BO_(y),LiF,Li_(x)NO_(y),Li_(3)N particles and some organic compounds,in which Li_(x)BO_(y)serves as a binder to enhance its mechanical strength.With the protective SEI,the coulombic efficiency of Li plating/stripping in DMI electrolyte increased from 20%to 98.5%and the fixed capacity cycle life of the assembled LOB was elongated to205 rounds,which was almost fivefold of the cycle life in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or tetraglyme(TEGDME) based electrolytes.Our work demonstrates that molecular polarity and ionic solvation structure are the primary issues to be considered when designing high performance Li–O;battery electrolytes,and cross-linked artificial SEI is effective in improving the anodic stability.