目的探讨胎儿卵圆孔瓣膨出指数(ASEI)及心脏大血管Z-评分等心血管多参数在单纯性卵圆孔瓣开放过度(RFOF)胎儿中的应用价值。方法选取2019年12月至2021年9月在浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院经超声心动图诊断为RFOF胎儿22例作为RFOF组,选...目的探讨胎儿卵圆孔瓣膨出指数(ASEI)及心脏大血管Z-评分等心血管多参数在单纯性卵圆孔瓣开放过度(RFOF)胎儿中的应用价值。方法选取2019年12月至2021年9月在浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院经超声心动图诊断为RFOF胎儿22例作为RFOF组,选取同期健康胎儿62例作为对照组。通过四腔心切面观察卵圆孔瓣运动情况,测量卵圆孔瓣膨出最大距离,房间隔总长度,卵圆孔径,主动脉瓣环和肺动脉瓣环以及升主动脉、主动脉峡部、降主动脉内径,左右心室面积。比较两组间ASEI、卵圆孔径、卵圆孔瓣膨出距离、卵圆孔径与房间隔总长比率、主动脉Z-评分(AoV Z-score)、肺动脉Z-评分(PV Z-score)、升主动脉Z-评分(AoA Z-score)、主动脉峡部Z-评分(AoI Z-score)、降主动脉Z-评分(AoD Z-score)、右心室舒张末期面积Z-评分(RV area Z-score)和左心室舒张末期面积Z-评分(LV area Z-score)的差异。并对RFOF胎儿进行随访观察预后。结果RFOF组与对照组胎儿ASEI、卵圆孔径、卵圆孔瓣膨出距离、卵圆孔径与房间隔总长比率、AoV Z-score、PV Z-score、AoA Z-score、AoI Z-score、AoD Z-score、LV area Z-score的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);两组间RV area Z-score差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。RFOF组22例胎儿中有17例(77.3%)出生,5例(22.7%)失访。出生的17例新生儿中有12例(70.5%)超声心动图检查未见明显结构异常。3例(17.6%)超声心动图提示主动脉弓稍窄,临床观察,未处理。2例(11.8%)手术后死亡:其中1例超声心动图提示主动脉弓缩窄、肺动脉增宽、房间隔缺损,手术治疗后感染肺炎死亡;另1例36+4周早产,出生体重2650 g,超声心动图提示主动脉弓缩窄、室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭,手术治疗后死亡。结论ASEI能定量评估卵圆孔瓣开放状态,结合心脏各项参数Z-评分可判断胎儿心脏形态改变。尽管胎儿超声心动图显示部分单纯性RFOF胎儿左、右心室比例失调及主动脉缩窄等表现,但大多数胎儿出生后预后良好。展开更多
Starting from the formal solution to the Heisenberg equation, we revisit an universal model for a quantum open system with a harmonic oscillator linearly coupled to a boson bath. The analysis of the decay process for ...Starting from the formal solution to the Heisenberg equation, we revisit an universal model for a quantum open system with a harmonic oscillator linearly coupled to a boson bath. The analysis of the decay process for a Fock state and a coherent state demonstrate that this method is very useful in dealing with the problems in decay process of the open system. For finite temperatures, the calculations of the reduced density matrix and the mean excitation number for the open system show that an initiaJ coherent state will evolve into a temperature-dependant coherent state after tracing over the bath variables. Also in short-time limit, a temperature-dependant effective Hamiltonian for the open system characterizes the decay process of the open system.展开更多
文摘目的探讨胎儿卵圆孔瓣膨出指数(ASEI)及心脏大血管Z-评分等心血管多参数在单纯性卵圆孔瓣开放过度(RFOF)胎儿中的应用价值。方法选取2019年12月至2021年9月在浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院经超声心动图诊断为RFOF胎儿22例作为RFOF组,选取同期健康胎儿62例作为对照组。通过四腔心切面观察卵圆孔瓣运动情况,测量卵圆孔瓣膨出最大距离,房间隔总长度,卵圆孔径,主动脉瓣环和肺动脉瓣环以及升主动脉、主动脉峡部、降主动脉内径,左右心室面积。比较两组间ASEI、卵圆孔径、卵圆孔瓣膨出距离、卵圆孔径与房间隔总长比率、主动脉Z-评分(AoV Z-score)、肺动脉Z-评分(PV Z-score)、升主动脉Z-评分(AoA Z-score)、主动脉峡部Z-评分(AoI Z-score)、降主动脉Z-评分(AoD Z-score)、右心室舒张末期面积Z-评分(RV area Z-score)和左心室舒张末期面积Z-评分(LV area Z-score)的差异。并对RFOF胎儿进行随访观察预后。结果RFOF组与对照组胎儿ASEI、卵圆孔径、卵圆孔瓣膨出距离、卵圆孔径与房间隔总长比率、AoV Z-score、PV Z-score、AoA Z-score、AoI Z-score、AoD Z-score、LV area Z-score的差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);两组间RV area Z-score差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。RFOF组22例胎儿中有17例(77.3%)出生,5例(22.7%)失访。出生的17例新生儿中有12例(70.5%)超声心动图检查未见明显结构异常。3例(17.6%)超声心动图提示主动脉弓稍窄,临床观察,未处理。2例(11.8%)手术后死亡:其中1例超声心动图提示主动脉弓缩窄、肺动脉增宽、房间隔缺损,手术治疗后感染肺炎死亡;另1例36+4周早产,出生体重2650 g,超声心动图提示主动脉弓缩窄、室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭,手术治疗后死亡。结论ASEI能定量评估卵圆孔瓣开放状态,结合心脏各项参数Z-评分可判断胎儿心脏形态改变。尽管胎儿超声心动图显示部分单纯性RFOF胎儿左、右心室比例失调及主动脉缩窄等表现,但大多数胎儿出生后预后良好。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10604002
文摘Starting from the formal solution to the Heisenberg equation, we revisit an universal model for a quantum open system with a harmonic oscillator linearly coupled to a boson bath. The analysis of the decay process for a Fock state and a coherent state demonstrate that this method is very useful in dealing with the problems in decay process of the open system. For finite temperatures, the calculations of the reduced density matrix and the mean excitation number for the open system show that an initiaJ coherent state will evolve into a temperature-dependant coherent state after tracing over the bath variables. Also in short-time limit, a temperature-dependant effective Hamiltonian for the open system characterizes the decay process of the open system.
