基于过滤浓度日数的新风PM2.5过滤负荷特性研究

我国建筑环境PM2.5过滤或净化计算方法研究已引起广泛关注.针对我国不同区域新风PM2.5过滤负荷差异及变迁,引入不保证天数法,计算确定了各地区PM2.5新风设计负荷;类比空调度日数和采暖度日数提出过滤浓度日数FCD的概念;根据各地PM2.5动态浓度数据及其室内标准浓度,计算得到了历年全国省会及直辖市的FCD;利用统计学方法获得了各地区FCD和新风设计负荷的关系.研究结果表明,FCD指标清晰地反映了全国各地新风PM2.5设计计算负荷水平;FCD值与新风设计负荷表现为高度线性相关,显著性水平P<0.01;可用FCD来直接指示建筑PM2.5的新风设计负荷水平,可为将来新风PM2.5过滤系统设计、对比提供简单直观的依据.

室内细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度影响因素的数值模拟

利用Fluent软件,模拟分析了集中送风条件下过滤器效率、换气次数、室内PM2.5初始浓度、气流组织形式等因素对室内PM2.5浓度的影响。结果显示:侧送侧回和上送下回两种气流组织形式相比,侧送风的气流速度较快,在相同的时间内,它的扩散范围大于上送风,使室内污染面积增大;在室外空气污染较严重的情况下,增加换气次数并不利于改善室内空气品质;室内初始浓度与混合浓度呈正比关系,初始浓度越高,室内污染物越不容易稀释;新风过滤器效率对混合浓度的影响大于室内初始PM2.5浓度的影响,过滤器效率与室内PM2.5浓度呈线性关系。

沥青搅拌设备袋式除尘器

沥青搅拌设备上配套袋式除尘器主要有3种,即反吹风袋式除尘器、脉冲喷吹袋式除尘器和气箱脉冲袋式除尘器。这3种袋式除尘器结构和工作原理不同,因此他们的制造成本和除尘效果有很大的差异。从技术上分析他们的不同点,并从多方面进行了性能对比。

带旁通新风机动态调节作用下的节能特性分析

以成都地区某办公区为例,对带旁通新风机不同旁通条件下的节能特性进行了模拟分析,分别比较了带旁通新风机在不同过滤器浓度限值、不同供暖及空调温度基准值下的节能特性。结果表明:降低PM2.5过滤浓度限值、降低供暖温度基准值及提高空调温度基准值均能使对应带旁通新风机全年总耗电量减少,当PM2.5过滤浓度限值取50μg/m^(3)、供暖设定温度取16℃、空调设定温度取28℃时,对应的最大节能量分别为1830.20、714.72,373.40 kW·h;带旁通新风机在不同供暖设定温度及空调设定温度下对应的节能量均有一个最大值及最小值,其差值大小决定于空调设定上限与下限形成可变区域内的小时数。

Comparison of Quartz filter and PTFE filter in monitoring anion ion concentration of PM10

PM10 samples of 62 Quartz filters and 75 PTFE filters from 28 Jul. 1999 to 10 Jan. 2000 in London were collected and analyzed. The difference between Quartz filter and PTFE filter in monitoring PM10 and anion ion concentration has been studied. The mean PM10, SO42- concentrations of Quartz filters were higher than those of PTFT filters, which had statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The mean PM 10 concentration of Quartz filter was almost 1.5 times of that of PTFE filter. However, there were no statistically significant among CI, NO3-, PO43 comparison of the two kinds filters （P〉0.05）. We should be careful when selecting filter to do research about PM10 and anion ion concentration.

Concentration of Vinasse Using Membrane Filtration Processes

The application of single nanofiltration （NF） and sequential filtration of microfiltration （MF） and NF for the concentration of vinasse were studied. Filtration experiments were performed at 60 ℃, 500 rpm and different transmembrane pressures using four commercial membranes： MF, PVDF 0.2 μm; NF, PES 300, 500 and 1000 Da. The process effectiveness was evaluated through the permeate flux and the total solids （TS） concentration in the retentate. Because the retention of TS and permeate fluxes were very similar for MF, PVDF-0.2 membrane at 0.10 MPa was selected because of its lower power consumption. The best conditions tested for NF were the following： PES-1000 at 3.50 MPa with a flux of 183.2 kg/m^2 h at a volume reduction factor （VRF） of 2, under which 68% of solids were retained. For the MF ＋ NF, a PES-1000 at 3.50 MPa was selected because a higher permeate flux was achieved at a VRF of 4, and PES-500 at 3.50 MPa because a higher retention of TS was achieved compared to the other experiments. A single NF resulted in a retentate concentration that was almost twice as high as the hybrid MF and NF process, allowing reduced costs in its transportation from distilleries to distant areas.

Experimental and modeling study on dust cake profile and its influence on pressure drop in fiber filter

Alumina （MMAD： 32.45μm） was used to study dust cake formation in fiber filter at steady-state operation. Cake vertical profile along filter medium versus filtration velocity （ranging from 3 to 7cm/s）, particle concentration （ranging from 40 to 120g/m^3） and particle areal mass to filter （ranging from 0.57 to 2.86 kg/m^2）, was researched by experiments and modeling. The filtration was carried through by a plane filter media （Material： Terylene felt, Thickness： 1.8mm） covered on a framework which was fixed in a filter. During filtration, the cake thickness was measured up and down by a mobile microscope and a camera controlled by a PC. The results showed that the cake vertical profile accord with a peak function. The peak amplitude A, center displacement xc, the shape parameters W of the peak function was greatly depended on filtration velocity and particle areal mass to filter, whereas slightly on particle concentration. The relationships between the three coefficients （peak amplitude A, center displacement xc, the shape parameters W） and filtration velocity, areal mass to filter, particle concentration were associated as equations, based on which pressure drop model was deduced. The peak function and pressure drop model were verified with experimental data.

Experimental assessment of a new salt aerosol generator for measuring efficiency of automotive air filters

Generation of polydisperse KCl aerosol with a new salt aerosol generator was investigated, Special attention was paid on particles with diameters between 3 and 10 μm. The main improvement consists of the different routes of KCl solution droplets. In traditional generators, the solution droplets travel through one cylinder; while in the case analyzed here, after spray atomization, the droplets travel through two cylinders in series. The first cylinder was fed with warm air and the second one with cold air. In such way, the complete evaporation of the water from the droplets can be ensured. The influencing factors of the generated aerosol size distribution were investigated. The data measured show that the concentration of generated aerosol becomes higher both increasing the flow rate of the KCI solution injected in the first cylinder and increasing the concentration in the solution. The temperature of solution influences mainly the generation of smaller KCI particles （0,3-3 μm）. The amount of hot air used in the generation process increases the concentration of larger KC1 particles （〉3 μm） while cold air does not have the same effect. The aerosol generator is able to generate KC1 aerosol stably. This instrument can be used effectively for testing air filters for automotive.

Flexible gel(FG) for gas-drainage drilling sealing material based on orthogonal design

Aiming to resolve the technical problems of lower gas concentrations and a reduced effective drainage period caused by gas-drainage borehole fracture development, a flexible gel （FG） gas-drainage borehole sealing material was developed that adapts to borehole deformation. In this study, based on orthogonal tests, the effect of the ratio of material to water, stirring time and stirring speed on the viscosity, filtration property, water retention and pumpability of the FG were studied. The results indicate that the stirring speed, ratio of material to water and stirring time in turn increased the viscosity and the ratio of material to water, stirring time and stirring speed enhanced the filtration property and water retention. The FG pumps smoothly and achieves the optimal state of high water retention, low fluid loss and low viscosity when the ratio of material to water is 1：10, the stirring speed is 800 r/min, and the stirring time is 12 min. The field test results indicate that, after using the FG, the average drainage gas concentration increases by 25.9% and 27.6g and the average negative pressure of extraction increases by 2.7 kPa and 3.5 kPa com- pared with expansive cement and polyurethane, respectively.

Water Filterable and Particulate Metals and Their Bioaccumulation in Prawns along Veifa Village, Central Province, Papua New Guinea

Toxic metals are released into the river systems from both anthropogenic activities and natural sources. These metals are present in water as filterable and particulate metals. These metals were found to bioaccumulate in prawn samples along Veifa stretch of the Angabanga River. The analytical results showed that As as particulate metal was high in concentration at 86 μg·g^-1 and Pb as filterable metal was high in concentration at 12 μg·g^-1. The metals Pb and As also accumulated in prawns along the Veifa stretch but were within recommended toxic metal standards.

Filtration of fine particles in atmospheric aerosol with electrospinning nanofibers and its size distribution

In this study, the size distribution of atmospheric aerosol in Beijing was monitored by the scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer and the optical particle sizer. The size of particles in atmospheric aerosol was primarily distributed in the range of less than 1 pm. It showed different changes with the mass concentrations of particulate matters with an aerodynamic diameter of 〈2.5 pm （PM2.5） for different sizes of fine particles. The amount of ultrafine particles （less than about 60 nm） decreased while the larger ones （〉60 nm） increased along with the mass concentration of PM2.5 in atmospheric aerosol. This was be- cause of the formation of the secondary atmospheric aerosol. The polylactic acid （PLA） nanofibers were prepared for filtering the aerosol by electrospinning. PLA nanofiber mats were used as the middle layer to design the composite filter membranes. Atmospheric aerosol was used as dust source in the filtration test. The results showed that the filtration efficiency of the com- posite filter media increased along with the thickness of nanofiber mats, which was controlled by the collection time during electrospinning. Filtration efficiency can be improved obviously by compositing with a thin layer of nanofibers.

Experimental Investigation of a Cryogenic Filter for Separating Solid Carbon Dioxide Particles from Liquid Nitrogen

This paper presents an investigation of a new method of purifying cryogenic liquid using sintered metallic wire-mesh filter, which has the advantages of high purifying efficiency and preferred strength at absolutely low temperature. Experiments are conducted to purify solid CO2 particles from liquid nitrogen. Temperature and pressure in the upstream and downstream of the filter, and the flow rate of carbon dioxide （CO2） gas and liquid nitrogen are measured, with the gas content of filtrate analyzed using a CO2 concentration detector. It is illustrated that after filtration, the purity of liquid nitrogen （volume fraction） is higher than 99.99%, which means that the volume fraction of CO2 is less than 0.01%. Effects of operation parameters on the performance of the filter, such as pressure drop Ap and filtration efficiency E are analyzed quantitatively. The present conclusions will provide a guideline to the optimumal design and operation of sintered metallic wire-mesh filter in cryogenic application.