Batch processes are important in chemical industry,in which operators usually play a major role and hazards may arise by their inadvertent acts.In this paper,based on hazard and operability study and concept of qualit...Batch processes are important in chemical industry,in which operators usually play a major role and hazards may arise by their inadvertent acts.In this paper,based on hazard and operability study and concept of qualitative simulation,an automatic method for adverse consequence identification for potential maloperation is proposed.The qualitative model for production process is expressed by a novel directed graph.Possible operation deviations from normal operating procedure are identified systematically by using a group of guidewords.The proposed algorithm is used for qualitative simulation of batch processes to identify the effects of maloperations.The method is illustrated with a simple batch process and a batch reaction process.The results show that batch processes can be simulated qualitatively and hazards can be identified for operating procedures including maloperations.After analysis for possible plant maloperations,some measures can be taken to avoid maloperations or reduce losses resulted from maloperations.展开更多
In the construction sector, which is one of the major goals of the new economy, the company is aiming at a new constructive practice and upgrading of the built, using ICT （information and communications technology） ...In the construction sector, which is one of the major goals of the new economy, the company is aiming at a new constructive practice and upgrading of the built, using ICT （information and communications technology） technologies. So the focus is on new operating and organizational models of sustainable building processes in the architecture, engineering and construction sectors, which are based on three-dimensional models of digital technology BIM （building information modeling）. It is intended as a human activity that improves building workflows and, through software and IFACs （industry foundation classes）, manages flexibility, coordinates and optimizes operational choices on time, economic, and environmental sustainability parameters. The goal is a new interoperable building process that involves designers, contractors and businesses from programming to lifecycle building and maintenance through the integrated project delivery of the building. Dynamic architectures, interactive with efficient technological and constructive systems, are integrated with innovative products of complex nature and bi-directional performance, engineered, with energy storage and renewable resources. The methodologies are based, above all, on the adoption of BIM technologies with the digital project manager and the use of robotic technological tools. Digitization is applied for the design and construction of architectural and infrastructure artifacts, in interaction with intelligent, adaptive, nanotechnical and user-friendly materials and climate. The results are aimed at efficient buildings with user comfort and safety, accuracy, and risk monitoring with remote monitoring, highlighting VDC （visual design construction） in CID （computational intelligent design）.展开更多
In the oil industry, techniques decreasing unwanted water production have drawn large amounts of interest from many companies. During water injection operations, water is injected into the oil reservoir to extract oil...In the oil industry, techniques decreasing unwanted water production have drawn large amounts of interest from many companies. During water injection operations, water is injected into the oil reservoir to extract oil trapped in the formation. Due to the heterogeneity in the reservoir formation, oil production will decline and water production will increase as the injected water sweeps the high permeability zones. In order to flush out the oil remaining in the low permeability zones, many treatments have been used. One such treatment involves the injection of an SAP （superabsorbent polymer） into the high permeability zones. The swelled polymer will decrease the heterogeneity of reservoir permeability, thus forcing water injection into the oil rich, unswept zones/areas of the formation. Proper application of an SAP can have a dramatic impact on both the production and lifespan of mature oil wells. Successful treatment is reliant upon the reservoir salinity, temperature, and pH.展开更多
文摘Batch processes are important in chemical industry,in which operators usually play a major role and hazards may arise by their inadvertent acts.In this paper,based on hazard and operability study and concept of qualitative simulation,an automatic method for adverse consequence identification for potential maloperation is proposed.The qualitative model for production process is expressed by a novel directed graph.Possible operation deviations from normal operating procedure are identified systematically by using a group of guidewords.The proposed algorithm is used for qualitative simulation of batch processes to identify the effects of maloperations.The method is illustrated with a simple batch process and a batch reaction process.The results show that batch processes can be simulated qualitatively and hazards can be identified for operating procedures including maloperations.After analysis for possible plant maloperations,some measures can be taken to avoid maloperations or reduce losses resulted from maloperations.
文摘In the construction sector, which is one of the major goals of the new economy, the company is aiming at a new constructive practice and upgrading of the built, using ICT （information and communications technology） technologies. So the focus is on new operating and organizational models of sustainable building processes in the architecture, engineering and construction sectors, which are based on three-dimensional models of digital technology BIM （building information modeling）. It is intended as a human activity that improves building workflows and, through software and IFACs （industry foundation classes）, manages flexibility, coordinates and optimizes operational choices on time, economic, and environmental sustainability parameters. The goal is a new interoperable building process that involves designers, contractors and businesses from programming to lifecycle building and maintenance through the integrated project delivery of the building. Dynamic architectures, interactive with efficient technological and constructive systems, are integrated with innovative products of complex nature and bi-directional performance, engineered, with energy storage and renewable resources. The methodologies are based, above all, on the adoption of BIM technologies with the digital project manager and the use of robotic technological tools. Digitization is applied for the design and construction of architectural and infrastructure artifacts, in interaction with intelligent, adaptive, nanotechnical and user-friendly materials and climate. The results are aimed at efficient buildings with user comfort and safety, accuracy, and risk monitoring with remote monitoring, highlighting VDC （visual design construction） in CID （computational intelligent design）.
文摘In the oil industry, techniques decreasing unwanted water production have drawn large amounts of interest from many companies. During water injection operations, water is injected into the oil reservoir to extract oil trapped in the formation. Due to the heterogeneity in the reservoir formation, oil production will decline and water production will increase as the injected water sweeps the high permeability zones. In order to flush out the oil remaining in the low permeability zones, many treatments have been used. One such treatment involves the injection of an SAP （superabsorbent polymer） into the high permeability zones. The swelled polymer will decrease the heterogeneity of reservoir permeability, thus forcing water injection into the oil rich, unswept zones/areas of the formation. Proper application of an SAP can have a dramatic impact on both the production and lifespan of mature oil wells. Successful treatment is reliant upon the reservoir salinity, temperature, and pH.
