当代美国过程法学述评

本文对当代美国过程法学作了简要述评。其主要理论取向是以建设性后现代主义哲学为理论基础和思维视角,探讨现代西方社会中的立法和司法过程等法律实践和法学理论研究中遇到的新现象和新问题。指出现实的立法和司法活动是一个客观而复杂的社会运作过程,并提倡哲学、法律、宗教的联盟和统一及其在促进社会和谐方面的重要意义。

不同软件工程方法在软件开发实践中的比较与整合

面向过程的方法学和面向对象的方法学是两种不同的软件工程方法学。本文就两种方法学的特点进行了比较并提出了将两种方法进行整合的方法,实践证明将两种方法整合后运用于软件开发中,可相互补充,更好地完成软件开发任务。

Computational Mass Transfer Method for Chemical Process Simulation

The recent works on the development of computational mass transfer （CMT） method and its applications in chemical process simulation are reviewed. Some development strategies and challenges in future research are also discussed.

Fault diagnosis of chemical processes based on partitioning PCA and variable reasoning strategy

Fault detection and identification are challenging tasks in chemical processes, the aim of which is to decide out of control samples and find fault sensors timely and effectively. This paper develops a partitioning principal component analysis(PPCA) method for process monitoring. A variable reasoning strategy is proposed and applied to recognize multiple fault variables. Compared with traditional process monitoring methods, the PPCA strategy not only reflects the local behavior of process variation in each model(each direction of principal components),but also improves the monitoring performance through the combination of local monitoring results. Then, a variable reasoning strategy is introduced to locate fault variables. Unlike the contribution plot, this method locates normal and fault variables effectively, and gives initiatory judgment for ambiguous variables. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed process monitoring and fault variable identification schemes is verified through a numerical example and TE chemical process.

Problems in EFL reading teaching and possible solutions

The ability to read is acknowledged to be the most stable and durable of the second language modalities. In other words, reading plays a vital role in second language acquisition. But for a long time, reading was viewed as a bottom-up process in a word-sentence-passage sequence, in which readers decode the text and rebuild what the writer wants to convey. Accordingly, reading teaching becomes teaching of language points known as grammar and vocabulary. This kind of English reading teaching to a great extent hinders EFL students＇ language proficiency. In this paper, the author puts forward some problems in the present EFL reading teaching and offers some suggestions for classroom teaching in the hope of opening up a new perspective for EFL reading.

A New Extension Theory-based Production Operation Method in Industrial Process

To explore the problems of dynamic change in production demand and operating contradiction in production process, a new extension theory-based production operation method is proposed. The core is the demand requisition, contradiction resolution and operation classification. For the demand requisition, the deep and comprehensive demand elements are collected by the conjugating analysis. For the contradiction resolution, the conflict between the demand and operating elements are solved by the extension reasoning, extension transformation and consistency judgment. For the operating classification, the operating importance among the operating elements is calculated by the extension clustering so as to guide the production operation and ensure the production safety. Through the actual application in the cascade reaction process of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) of a chemical plant, cases study and comparison show that the proposed extension theory-based production operation method is significantly better than the traditional experience-based operation method in actual production process, which exploits a new way to the research on the production operating methods for industrial process.

Implications of Reportage Texts in EFL Teaching

In this paper, the author discusses implications of original reportage texts in EFL teaching and learning from the perspectives of socio-linguistics and pragmatic competence. The author also discusses a proper approach for teaching medical postgraduate students, which is centered on students and based on research. This approach for teaching and leaning has been proved effective and students have improved in their socio-linguistic and pragmatic competences. This approach should have implications to EFL teachers who teach students of other specialties.

An efficient latent variable optimization approach with stochastic constraints for complex industrial process

For complex chemical processes,process optimization is usually performed on causal models from first principle models.When the mechanism models cannot be obtained easily,restricted model built by process data is used for dynamic process optimization.A new strategy is proposed for complex process optimization,in which latent variables are used as decision variables and statistics is used to describe constraints.As the constraint condition will be more complex by projecting the original variable to latent space,Hotelling T^2 statistics is introduced for constraint formulation in latent space.In this way,the constraint is simplified when the optimization is solved in low-dimensional space of latent variable.The validity of the methodology is illustrated in pH-level optimal control process and practical polypropylene grade transition process.

基于UML的GRAPPLE在数字化医院信息系统设计中的应用

UML(标准建模语言)是一种定义良好、易于表达、功能强大且普遍适用的建模语言,是开发软件系统分析和设计阶段的重要工具。GRAPPLE是一个可自适应的、灵活的开发过程方法学,本文以数字化医院信息系统的系统分析和设计为例,介绍了结合UML建模的GRAPPLE的实际开发过程。

Multi Boost with ENN-based ensemble fault diagnosis method and its application in complicated chemical process

Fault diagnosis plays an important role in complicated industrial process.It is a challenging task to detect,identify and locate faults quickly and accurately for large-scale process system.To solve the problem,a novel Multi Boost-based integrated ENN(extension neural network) fault diagnosis method is proposed.Fault data of complicated chemical process have some difficult-to-handle characteristics,such as high-dimension,non-linear and non-Gaussian distribution,so we use margin discriminant projection(MDP) algorithm to reduce dimensions and extract main features.Then,the affinity propagation(AP) clustering method is used to select core data and boundary data as training samples to reduce memory consumption and shorten learning time.Afterwards,an integrated ENN classifier based on Multi Boost strategy is constructed to identify fault types.The artificial data sets are tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and make a detailed sensitivity analysis for the key parameters.Finally,a real industrial system—Tennessee Eastman(TE) process is employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.And the results show that the proposed method is efficient and capable to diagnose various types of faults in complicated chemical process.

Reaction mechanism of molten Na OH decomposing Zn_2SiO_4 in willemite

Based on the existing form of Zn2 Si O4 in willemite, the chemical precipitation method was used to synthesize Zn2 Si O4.Through the orthogonal experimentation, the reaction conditions of melten Na OH decomposing Zn2 Si O4 were optimized, and the optimal experimental conditions include reaction temperature of 400 °C, reaction time of 4 h, and alkaline-to-ore molar ratio of 20:1.Based on the optimized experiment, on-line detection for the alkali leaching was made by using Raman spectroscopy; XRD was used to analyze the structure of water leaching residue, to explore the reaction mechanism of Na OH decomposing Zn2 Si O4. The results show that during the reaction process, the Si — O bond in Si O4 is destroyed, and the Na OH inserts itself into the silicate lattice,producing an immediate Na2 Zn Si O4 product. After the alkali leaching process, Zn2+ can be separated from the Si O4 array, which can be released out of the silicate in the form of ZnO.

基于UML的GRAPPLE在ATM设计中的应用

以ATM系统分析和设计为例,详细介绍了GRAPPLE的实际开发过程。

On Application of Output-Driven Hypothesis on College English Teaching

This paper discusses how college English teaching can be carried out based on the output-driven hypothesis. It consists of three sections. Section one briefly describes the views of the output-driven hypothesis with relevant theoretical explanations. Section two further illustrates how such teaching practice can be conducted in terms of the teaching objectives, teaching procedures, and methods, and assessment focuses. Section three points out the potential challenges faced by university English teachers when the hypothesis is tested

Intention and automaticity toward physical and sedentary screen-based leisure activities in adolescents:A profile perspective

Purpose： Physical activity （PA） and sedentary behavior （SB） are increasingly considered independent health behaviors. Additionally, current research suggests that both controlled and automatic determinants account for their adoption. The purpose of this article was to identify intention-automaticity profiles toward PA and screen-based SB and to examine how those profiles are associated with different behavioral patterns. Method： Two cross-sectional studies based on self-report questionnaires were conducted with French high school students （Study 1： n = 198; Study 2： n = 185）. Results： In all, 4 distinct motivational profiles appeared. The first 3 clusters emerged in both studies： ＂PA＂ （high levels of automaticity and intention for PA, low levels of automaticity and intention for screen-based SB）; ＂screen＂ （high levels of automaticity and intention for screen-based SB, low levels of automatieity and intention for PA）, and ＂mixed＂ （high levels of all variables）, whereas the fourth cluster was observed only in Study 2： ＂high control＂ （below-mean levels of automaticity, high levels of intention toward both PA and screen-based SB）. Adolescents with a screen profile displayed the least healthy behavioral pattern, whereas those in the PA profile demonstrated the most favorable behaviors. Conclusion： Future research is needed to extend these results to other populations using complementary assessment methods of automatic psychological processes and PA and SB behaviors.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.（http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

A new method of constructing measure

By using a well known result in combinatorics, named Konig Lemma, this paper generalized the method of constructing measure by repeated subdivision, which was a basic tool for fractal geometry. A more general method was presented to construct measure, which was an essential improvement to the existing result. The proof employed a skill similar to that for Konig Lemma, which helped to avoid using the compactness in Euclidean space. Two conditions of the existing method were found not necessary.

Exploring Task-Based Approach to Teaching Oral Communication Skills in English to Sri Lankan Undergraduate Students

It is vital that Sri Lankan undergraduate students learn to speak competently because they need to become capable communicators in order to accomplish a wide range of goals and to become useful members of their communities. However, teaching oral communication skills to English language learners has always been a challenge for the language teacher. As a result, teachers have often attempted to look for new methods that would enable students’ learning process by creating a difference in the English as a second language （ESL） learning-teaching classroom. This paper describes the applications of the task-based language teaching （TBLT） methodology in which communicative tasks engage a group of undergraduates in authentic conversation in order to teach oral communication skills in an academic setting. The Sri Lankan ESL learning-teaching context was chosen as the research context for this study and comprised a sample of randomly selected 60 2nd-year undergraduates whose proficiency in English was at elementary level. This utilized both qualitative and quantitative measurements and followed the model, presented by Willis （1996）, which includes three stages： pre-task stage, task-cycle and language focus for TBLT in the ESL learning-teaching classroom. Students were required to work in groups and the task-cycles involved a questionnaire survey game in which they were required to construct “Wh” questions in order to elicit information from others. The findings report that this approach has inspired students better in learning oral communication skills unlike many conventional teaching methods which promote a form-focused theory. They tried to experiment with what they knew without fear of being corrected by the teacher when an error was made, got feedback from their peers and formulated ＆ reformulated their ideas with a sense of accuracy and fluency. The researcher recommends that ESL teaching practitioners use TBLT methodology in their classroom, since this enhances learners’ accuracy and fluency. Furthermore, language teachers can spend more time in reflection which will allow them to think critically on their classroom behaviour. They can identify and work on their weaknesses in the classroom as well as building on their strengths.

Trilogy of Intellect as a New Method of Children Intellectual Development

The new method of intellectual development among children being investigated represents a trilogy of mind, whose main thinking operation is the logical operation of comparison. The method was created due to Aristotle＇s understanding of philosophy as ＂the science about the first reasons and origins＂ of cognition--types of opposition which should be the beginning of the surrounding world＇s cognition at school. As they were discovered and set in a natural line of comparative notions, the main Plato＇s plan was fulfilled to reduce all particular laws to the general and to withdraw all particular laws from the general one （Plato 1993）. As a result, we are talking about the building of stepwise transmission from one general notion to another more general notion that identifies the diversity of natural and social differences. As a result, it turned out to be possible to divide the whole thinking process into three related logical parts, each of which is determined by the advantageous usage of three types of cognitive means： （1） Reasonable thinking is the thinking with the help of classification notions on the basis of relations of ＂abstract identity＂ and ＂abstract difference＂, which determine the law of noncontradiction： either A, or not A; （2） Mental concrete-general metaphysical thinking is the thinking with the help of classification, quantitative, and comparative notions on the basis of the relation of ＂corresponding＂ and variety of mathematical and physical abstractions of different complexity being studied at school; and （3） Mental concrete-general dialectical thinking is the thinking with the help of classification and comparative notions on the basis of relation of ＂opposition＂ which allows to cognize natural and social processes. In addition to the generally accepted study of reasonable and mental thinking among schoolchildren with the help of concrete sciences, the new philosophical method is an effective means of advanced development of mental thinking among children, which makes for the holistic perception of the surrounding world by schoolchildren.

（Re）Constructing Pedagogical Knowledge in English as a Foreign Language Teacher Education Courses

English language teaching in the post-method condition demands the preparation of critical professionals capable of developing their teaching practice to enhance their pupils＇ language learning process. These professionals should also be able to recognize their prior knowledge as a potential tool to teach and to act autonomously in different educational contexts. Therefore, pre-service teacher education courses need to provide favorable conditions for teacher candidates to engage in reflective practice in order to foster continuous professional development. The main goal of this paper is to discuss the complexity of the pedagogical knowledge （re）construction process in an English as a foreign language （EFL） teacher education course, attempting to understand prospective teachers＇ pedagogical actions and strategies used to cope with classroom problems in their teaching practice. For this reason, some examples of this dynamic process, obtained by class recordings and reflective sessions with future teachers were examined. Results indicated that through self-assessment and reflection, stimulated by these sessions, student-teachers were able to recognize problems in their teaching procedures, as well as analyze their teaching practice and （re）construct their pedagogical knowledge, favoring their students＇ language learning process and their own teaching approach.

The Misunderstandings and Teaching Strategies on English Grammar Learning in College

English grammar teaching in college is a very challenging task, because teachers must not only consider the increase of students＇ communicative competence, but also take care of their grammar knowledge learning in the teaching process. This paper puts forward three teaching countermeasures based on the English grammar learning misunderstanding of college students, namely strengthen the grammar study of psychological counseling, strengthen guidance for English grammar learning method, and choose the teaching method of combination of explicit grammar and implicit grammar teaching.

The Drawbacks and Related Strategies in Using of Multimedia in Practical Teaching

With the development of modem scientific technology, multimedia teaching as a new teaching method has got involved in the practical teaching. Making full use of this method will bring great benefits for English teaching. Besides the unique advantages and the present situations of multimedia applied in English teaching, it is more important for us to find out its drawbacks in practical teaching process, such as the ineffective application of multimedia by teachers. Then, the related strategies mast be put forward improving the teaching facilities of multimedia. This paper mainly discusses the related strategies in order to create a better teaching environment and facilitate the training of teachers. After studying this paper, we will have a good knowledge of the multimedia teaching. Consequently, we can apply the multimedia into the traditional teaching. Multimedia resources are also very useful for teachers to meet the requirements in our modem society. Meanwhile, it will promote the teaching reform and improve the level of education in our country.