A non-linear non-ideal model, taking into account non-linear competitive isotherms, axial dispersion, film mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, and port periodic switching, was developed to simulate the dynamics of...A non-linear non-ideal model, taking into account non-linear competitive isotherms, axial dispersion, film mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, and port periodic switching, was developed to simulate the dynamics of simulated moving bed chromatography (SMBC). The model equations were solved by a new efficient numerical technique of orthogonal collocation on finite elements with periodical movement of concentration vector. The simulated SMBC performance is in accordance with the experimental results reported in the literature for separation of l,1'-bi-2-naphthol enantiomers using SMBC. This model is useful for design, operation, optimization and scale-up of non-linear SMBC for chiral separations with significant non-ideal effects, especially for high solute concentration and small intraparticle diffusion coefficient or large chiral stationary phase particle.展开更多
Abstract： Enhancing the efficiency of public services is essential to residents in mountainous areas. It is also important to promote sus- tainable development of these regions. Analysing residents＇ satisfaction wit...Abstract： Enhancing the efficiency of public services is essential to residents in mountainous areas. It is also important to promote sus- tainable development of these regions. Analysing residents＇ satisfaction with public services in mountainous areas can help in evaluating outcomes of fiscal investment and identifying potential coping approaches for improving public service efficiencies. The residents＇ satisfaction with public services and the factors that influence such satisfaction were examined in this study. A study of 12 towns located in the southwestern Sichuan Province was performed using an entropy-weighted analytic hierarchy process （EWAHP）, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） and Tobit regression methods. The results indicate that： 1） the spatial distribu- tion of satisfaction with public services is non-uniform, and the spatial distribution structure varies for different types of public services. 2） Residents＇ satisfaction with public services is influenced by both objective and subjective factors. Population density, economic dis- tance, social and cultural divisions and elevation are the major objective factors, whereas bounded rationality, the hierarchy of needs and service expectations are the main subjective factors. The most effective strategies for enhancing residents＇ satisfaction with public ser- vices are likely to be clustering the population, choosing supply centres with different public services, regulating the cultural division in ethnic minority towns, selecting supply priorities in accordance with residents＇ needs, implementing targeted intervention policies and establishing ＇bottom-up＇ and ＇top-down＇ integrated decision-making mechanisms. Keywords： mountainous areas; public services; residents＇ satisfaction; entropy-weighted analytic hierarchy process （EWAHP）; technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS）; Tobit regression; southwestern Sichuan Province展开更多
Oil is produced from the fermentation process without going through a heating process, which is known as VCO （virgin coconut oil）. VCO has been widely sold in the market with different brands. VCO has a beneficial p...Oil is produced from the fermentation process without going through a heating process, which is known as VCO （virgin coconut oil）. VCO has been widely sold in the market with different brands. VCO has a beneficial physiological effect to health such as being able to kill viruses, bacteria, increase endurance, soften the skin etc.. Various benefits from the VCO are caused by medium chain fatty acids that it is contain which is lauric acid. VCO has a very high lauric acid contents （45%-55%）. The aims of this research were to calculate the VCO fermentation kinetics parameter μm and km using Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria in a batch bioreactor. Coconut meat was shredded. Then add water to the crushed fruit according to the comparison of variables ie., 1：1, 1：2. Furthermore, the extract pressed. Mixed the obtained cream, about 1 L, with a starter each 1%. Homogeneous mixture stirred and then poured into bioreactor and allowed to stand 8-10 h. During the process, the mixture will separate into three layers, namely the oil （upper layer）, protein （middle layer）, and water （bottom layer）, it was oil and water were separated from protein. After the oil was obtained from the fermentation, it carried out the calculation of the price of X （dry cell）, S （glucose concentration） and P （the concentration of lactic acid）. The results obtained, for the ratio （1：2）： Pm= 0.166 h1, km = 1.6 g/L, for the ratio （1：1）：μm = 0.131 hl, k,, = 3.33 g/L. The amount of kinetic parameter values obtained was higher in ratio （1：2） from ratio （1：1） and the acid number was determined according to the AOCS.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20206027)and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.202046).
文摘A non-linear non-ideal model, taking into account non-linear competitive isotherms, axial dispersion, film mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, and port periodic switching, was developed to simulate the dynamics of simulated moving bed chromatography (SMBC). The model equations were solved by a new efficient numerical technique of orthogonal collocation on finite elements with periodical movement of concentration vector. The simulated SMBC performance is in accordance with the experimental results reported in the literature for separation of l,1'-bi-2-naphthol enantiomers using SMBC. This model is useful for design, operation, optimization and scale-up of non-linear SMBC for chiral separations with significant non-ideal effects, especially for high solute concentration and small intraparticle diffusion coefficient or large chiral stationary phase particle.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41601141,41471469)Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China(No.14YJCZH130)+1 种基金Soft Science Research Projects of Science and Technology Office of Sichuan Province(No.2015ZR0115)Research Foundation of Chengdu University of Information Technology(No.KYTZ201628,J201617)
文摘Abstract： Enhancing the efficiency of public services is essential to residents in mountainous areas. It is also important to promote sus- tainable development of these regions. Analysing residents＇ satisfaction with public services in mountainous areas can help in evaluating outcomes of fiscal investment and identifying potential coping approaches for improving public service efficiencies. The residents＇ satisfaction with public services and the factors that influence such satisfaction were examined in this study. A study of 12 towns located in the southwestern Sichuan Province was performed using an entropy-weighted analytic hierarchy process （EWAHP）, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） and Tobit regression methods. The results indicate that： 1） the spatial distribu- tion of satisfaction with public services is non-uniform, and the spatial distribution structure varies for different types of public services. 2） Residents＇ satisfaction with public services is influenced by both objective and subjective factors. Population density, economic dis- tance, social and cultural divisions and elevation are the major objective factors, whereas bounded rationality, the hierarchy of needs and service expectations are the main subjective factors. The most effective strategies for enhancing residents＇ satisfaction with public ser- vices are likely to be clustering the population, choosing supply centres with different public services, regulating the cultural division in ethnic minority towns, selecting supply priorities in accordance with residents＇ needs, implementing targeted intervention policies and establishing ＇bottom-up＇ and ＇top-down＇ integrated decision-making mechanisms. Keywords： mountainous areas; public services; residents＇ satisfaction; entropy-weighted analytic hierarchy process （EWAHP）; technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS）; Tobit regression; southwestern Sichuan Province
文摘Oil is produced from the fermentation process without going through a heating process, which is known as VCO （virgin coconut oil）. VCO has been widely sold in the market with different brands. VCO has a beneficial physiological effect to health such as being able to kill viruses, bacteria, increase endurance, soften the skin etc.. Various benefits from the VCO are caused by medium chain fatty acids that it is contain which is lauric acid. VCO has a very high lauric acid contents （45%-55%）. The aims of this research were to calculate the VCO fermentation kinetics parameter μm and km using Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria in a batch bioreactor. Coconut meat was shredded. Then add water to the crushed fruit according to the comparison of variables ie., 1：1, 1：2. Furthermore, the extract pressed. Mixed the obtained cream, about 1 L, with a starter each 1%. Homogeneous mixture stirred and then poured into bioreactor and allowed to stand 8-10 h. During the process, the mixture will separate into three layers, namely the oil （upper layer）, protein （middle layer）, and water （bottom layer）, it was oil and water were separated from protein. After the oil was obtained from the fermentation, it carried out the calculation of the price of X （dry cell）, S （glucose concentration） and P （the concentration of lactic acid）. The results obtained, for the ratio （1：2）： Pm= 0.166 h1, km = 1.6 g/L, for the ratio （1：1）：μm = 0.131 hl, k,, = 3.33 g/L. The amount of kinetic parameter values obtained was higher in ratio （1：2） from ratio （1：1） and the acid number was determined according to the AOCS.
