深埋三连拱隧道围岩压力计算方法

基于普氏压力拱理论和过程载荷设计方法,考虑连拱隧道组合成拱作用,以及施工工序和中隔墙支撑作用,量化相邻简化导洞间的施工扰动,提出深埋三连拱隧道不同施工断面及工序下的载荷分布模型,进而改进了深埋三连拱隧道围岩压力的计算方法,结合八达岭长城站三连拱隧道工程,将理论结果与实测数据对比,验证计算方法的合理性.最后系统分析施工工序、中隔墙宽度和开挖跨度等因素对围岩压力的影响规律.结果表明:深埋三连拱隧道相互间的施工扰动影响无法忽视,次行洞、后行洞的开挖都会扩大先行洞上方松散破碎围岩区域,造成较为明显的偏压现象;当中隔墙岩体抗压强度较小时,增加中隔墙宽度难以改善围岩压力分布状态,当中隔墙岩体抗压强度较大时,增大宽度能够显著减小围岩压力;围岩条件越差,三连拱隧道各洞室所受围岩压力越大,同时偏压现象也更加明显.文章基于普氏压力拱理论和过程载荷设计方法所得出的计算方法,增加考虑了连拱隧道相邻洞室间的施工影响,揭示了三连拱隧道的偏压效应,填补了有关三连拱隧道围岩压力计算方法的研究空缺,为相关工程设计提供了重要参考.

铝合金螺纹挤压加工载荷仿真及刀具参数优化

面向汽车发动机箱体类零件生产线中的螺纹挤压成型工艺过程优化,基于加工过程有限元仿真和实验验证分析刀具载荷因素影响,优化刀具结构参数。基于Deform-3D实现A356铝合金工件螺纹挤压成型有限元建模仿真,求解加工过程刀具载荷数据,结合多组加工参数下的工件螺纹加工实验验证了仿真模型有效性。基于正交试验法获取多组仿真载荷数据,结合极差法分析刀具结构参数对刀具扭矩和轴向载荷的影响,结果表明:丝锥截面棱边数对挤压扭矩影响最为显著,棱齿铲磨量对挤压轴向力影响最显著。面向自动化生产线螺纹加工的刀具寿命提升和加工能耗控制,以降低刀具扭矩和轴向力为目标,通过仿真试验进行了刀具结构参数寻优,有效提升了刀具性能,缩减了刀具优化设计时间和成本。

复杂应力状态下典型材料全载荷过程中的力学行为

针对材料在复杂应力状态下全载荷过程中的力学行为问题,应用实心圆轴试件进行拉扭联合试验,重点解决试验中拉伸扭转应力时时按固定比例C(σ/τ)加载的难题.以304不锈钢和16Mn R碳钢为研究对象,进行24组不同C值的拉扭试验.在此基础上,研究了实心圆轴试件在全寿命过程中等效真应力应变的处理方法,探索了不同应力状态对塑性极限承载能力的影响,并引入三轴应力度(TS)概念对其进行表征.结果表明:两种材料的极限应力(σ_(max))随着不同TS值变化均存在应力驻点,此处材料的σ_(max)最小;两种材料的极限应变(ε_(max))与TS值呈现反比函数关系;利用本文所提出的工程计算公式,可以在确定结构某点的应力状态情况下,推测结构在此时所能承受的极限应力与极限应变.但是不同材料的σ_(max)-TS、ε_(max)-TS呈现不同的函数关系,需分别进行试验标定.

Exploiting Additive Manufacturing Infill in Topology Optimization for Improved Buckling Load

Additive manufacturing （AM） permits the fabrication of functionally optimized components with high geometrical complexity. The opportunity of using porous infill as an integrated part of the manufactur- ing process is an example of a unique AM feature. Automated design methods are still incapable of fully exploiting this design freedom. In this work, we show how the so-called coating approach to topology optimization provides a means for designing infill-based components that possess a strongly improved buckling load and, as a result, improved structural stability. The suggested approach thereby addresses an important inadequacy of the standard minimum compliance topology optimization approach, in which buckling is rarely accounted for; rather, a satisfactory buckling load is usually assured through a post-processing step that may lead to sub-optimal components. The present work compares the stan- dard and coating approaches to topology optimization for the MBB beam benchmark case. The opti- mized structures are additively manufactured using a filamentary technique. This experimental study validates the numerical model used in the coating approach. Depending on the properties of the infill material, the buckling load may be more than four times higher than that of solid structures optimized under the same conditions.

Analysis of fracture process zone in brittle rock subjected to shear-compressive loading

An analytical expression for the prediction of shear-compressive fracture process zone(SCFPZ) is derived by using a proposed local strain energy density criterion, in which the strain energy density is separated into the dilatational and distortional strain energy density, only the former is considered to contribute to the brittle fracture of rock in different loading cases. The theoretical prediction by this criterion shows that the SCFPZ is of asymmetric mulberry leaf in shape, which forms a shear-compression fracture kern. Dilatational strain energy density along the boundary of SCFPZ reaches its maximum value. The dimension of SCFPZ is governed by the ratio of K_Ⅱ to (K_Ⅰ.) The analytical results are then compared with those from literatures and the tests conducted on double edge cracked Brazilian disk subjected to diametrical compression. The obtained results are useful to the prediction of crack extension and to nonlinear analysis of shear-compressive fracture of brittle rock.

Nosing process of empty and foam-filled circular metal tubes on semispherical die by theoretical and experimental investigations

Nosing process of circular metal tubes in empty and polyurethane foam-filled conditions on a semispherical rigid die was analyzed by theoretical and experimental methods.A new theoretical model of plastic deformation of circular metal tubes was demonstrated during the nosing process on a rigid semispherical die.Based on the analytical model,some theoretical relations were calculated to estimate instantaneous forming load and dissipated energy of empty and foam-filled circular metal tubes versus axial displacement.Some circular brazen and aluminum tubes were prepared and shaped into semispherical nosed nozzles to verify the present theory.Comparison of theoretical predictions and the corresponding experimental measurements reveals that predicted load?displacement and dissipated energy?displacement diagrams by theoretical formulas have a good correlation with the corresponding experimental curves and it proves verity of the theory.Also,the present theory shows that dissipated energy and axial load of empty tubes depend on material type,wall thickness and diameter of the tubes and they are independent of tube initial length.Furthermore,the experimental results show that the presence of polyethylene Teflon-constraints increases ultimate axial displacement of the forming process.

A Review of Aftershock Mechanism Research

In this paper,research of aftershock mechanisms is reviewed,including heterogeneity of medium and stress,mechanical loading,fluid intrusion and stress corrosion,and ratestate dependence.Previous studies have indicated that the heterogeneity of media and stress is the basic premise of aftershocks generated.From the point view of mechanics,transient creep and afterslip can explain the decay of aftershocks in a short time after a mainshock and the relaxation of stress tends to interpret the characteristics of long-term aftershocks.Fluid intrusion and stress corrosion control the evolution process of the aftershocks under certain conditions.The interaction between the faults perturbed by the mainshock always exists during the aftershock activities.All kinds of models and the theories want to comply with the two basic power-law relationships---the G-R law and Omori law to some extent.

Analysis of Drill Pipe＇s Effect on Casing

Frictional wear of inner walls of drill pipe and casing is produced by rotational advance of drill pipe in the casing due to the joint effect of drilling fluid, temperature and contact load during drilling, among which the main wear is on the drill string. With development of drilling technology, deep well, ultradeep well, high angle well, directional well, extended reach well and horizontal well are taking more and more proportion. Meanwhile, the problem of serious frictional wear between drill pipe and casing are becoming more significant due to long time of drilling, high probability of dogleg severity, high contact normal stress between drill pipe and casing etc. Tool sticking may also occur due to large frictional resistance. Therefore, higher requirements are made on the study of how to predict and prevent the wear of drill pipe and casing during drilling. The residual strength of the worn casing is also studied by analysis of the law of drill pipe＇s effect on the casing wear in this paper.

CO_2 Capture by Vacuum Swing Adsorption Using F200 and Sorbead WS as Protective Pre-layers

In order to solve the water issues when 13X zeolite was applied to capture CO 2 from wet flue gas by vacuum swing adsorption process, multi-layered adsorption system was considered regarding activated alumina F200 and silica gel based Sorbead WS as pre-layer materials. LBET (extended Largmuir-BET) model and extended CMMS (cooperative multimolecular sorption) equation were simulated respectively to describe water loading on F200 and Sorbead WS. The two equations can be well added into our in-house simulator to simulate double-layered CO 2 -VSA (vacuum swing adsorption) process. Results indicated that water can be successfully stopped in pre-layers with a good CO 2 capture performance.