The BLOC Interactomes Form a Network in Endosomal Transport

With the identification of more than a dozen novel Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome （HPS） proteins in vesicle trafficking in higher eukaryotes, a new class of trafficking pathways has been described. It mainly consists of three newly-defined protein com- plexes, BLOC-l, -2, and -3. Compelling evidence indicates that these complexes together with two other well-known complexes, AP3 and HOPS, play important roles in endosomal transport. The interactions between these complexes form a network in protein trafficking via endosomes and cytoskeleton. Each node of this network has intra-complex and extra-complex interactions. These complexes are connected by direct interactions between the subunits from different complexes or by indirect interactions through coupling nodes that interact with two or more subunits from different complexes. The dissection of this network facilitates the understanding of a dynamic but elaborate transport machinery in protein/membrane trafficking. The disruption of this network may lead to abnormal trafficking or defective organellar development as described in patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.

Effects of Intercropping Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transportation of Maize(Zea mays L.) and Soybean[Glycine max(L.) Merrill]

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the group dry matter accumulation and economic benefits under the patterns of intercropping maize （Zea mays L.） with soy-bean [Glycine max （L.） Merril ]. [Methods] Zhengdan-958 and Luhuang-1 were used as the testing breeds to study the effects of intercropping patterns on dry matter accumulation and transportation of maize and soybean in Huang-huai-hai. [Results] For maize, the dry matter accumulation amounts per hectare of intercropping was significant higher than that of the monoculture patterns, especial y after silking, when it reached extremely level; while for soybean, the dry matter accumulation amounts before flowering and after flowering of monocropping were al significantly higher than that of the intercropping patterns. For both maize and soybean, the transfer amounts of monocropping were al significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of intercropping; and the transfer ratio of maize intercropping was 0.59% higher than that of maize monocropping, while for soybean, it was 4.74% higher. Fitted dry matter accumulation with Logistic equation, it showed that the difference in maximum dry matter accumulation rate between maize monocropping and intercropping reached significant level, while for soybean, the maximum dry matter accumulation rate and its appearance time as wel as duration time between intercropping and monocropping were al reached significant level. The total land equivalent ratio of intercropping was 1.30. From yield and output value, the total yield of intercropping were 10.97 t/hm2, 0.64% and 326.85% higher than monocropping of maize and soy-bean, respectively. The total output value of intercropping was 25 796.23 yuan/hm2, respectively 12.67% and 104.68% higher than of maize and soybean monocropping. [Conclusion] The study lays a basis for improving grain yield and economic benefits.

Operational Robustness Studies of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Stacks

Stacks of solid oxide cells which can be run as both electrolysers and fuel cells have been tested for robustness towards simulations of stress conditions which are likely to occur during operation of solid oxide electrolysis systems, for which the energy supply comes from renewable sources, such as wind mills and solar cells. Such conditions are thermo mechanical stress conditions as well as loss of fuel and air supply. The cells have Ni/YSZ （yttria stabilized zirconia） fuel electrodes, YSZ electrolytes, and LSCF （lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite） oxygen electrodes with a CGO （cerium gadolinium oxide） barrier layer. In the stacks, the cells are separated by chromium rich steel interconnects. The robustness tests of stacks are one step in the development of a SOEC （solid oxide electrolysis cell） core; the core component in a SOEC system, including one or more SOEC stacks, heaters, heat exchangers, insulation, and feed troughs.

Transport Properties of Ferrite Perovskite Material

Transport properties of LaFeO3 in the temperature range of 2 K 〈 T 〈 300 K have been explored for the first time using interaction potential developed by the author and found that our computed results on transport properties follow the same trend as that of available experimental values. These are scientifically and technologically important materials with orthorhombic perovskite-like structure and space group Pbnm. Lanthanum ferrite, LaFeO3 is semiconducting and antiferrom agnetically ordered at zero. The thermodynamics of perovskite-type or related materials of potential use in, e.g., solid oxide fuel cells have been studied to a rather limited extent only.

JJF1069-2012《法定计量检定机构考核规范》系列讲座(五) 考核规范的原则与基础(二)

(接上期)二、管理体系基础(一)概述1.掌握基础的必要性在GB/T19000族标准中.GB/T19000—2008《质量管理体系基础术语》一直被定位为线路图角色.其目的在于协助标准的使用者准确理解标准所涉及的基本概念.并使其能够方便地采用标准。在GB/T19000—2008中.

Towards the manipulation of topological states of matter： a perspective from electron transport

The introduction of topological invariants, ranging from insulators to metals, has provided new insights into the traditional classification of electronic states in condensed matter physics. A sudden change in the topological invariant at the boundaw of a topological nontrivial system leads to the formation of exotic surface states that are dramatically different from its bulk. In recent years, significant advancements in the exploration of the physical properties of these topological systems and regarding device research related to spintronics and quantum computation have been made. Here, we review the progress of the characterization and manipulation of topological phases from the electron transport perspective and also the intriguing chiral/Majorana states that stem from them. We then discuss the future directions of research into these topological states and their potential applications.

Interaction of δ-opioid Receptor with Membrane Transporters: Possible Mechanisms in Pain Suppression by Acupuncture

Objective： To investigate the possible mechanisms in acupuncture analgesia by interaction of δ-opioid receptor with neurotransmitter transport proteins or the Na^＋-K^＋ pump. Methods： Microinjection of respective heterologous cRNA into the Xenopus oocytes as a model system, and measurement of steady-state currents under two-electrode voltage clamp. Results： The co-expression of the 8-opioid receptor with GAT1, EAAC 1 or the sodium pump resulted in reducing activity of the respective transporter. Opioid receptor activation affected transporter activity in different ways： 1） GAT1 was further inhibited; 2） EAAC1 was stimulated; 3） Na^＋-K^＋ pump activity interfered with agonist sensitivity of DOR. Pump inhibition led to higher sensitivity for DPDPE. Conclusion： GABA transporter inhibition and glutamate transporter stimulation may counteract pain sensation by affecting the neurotransmitter concentration in the synaptic cleft and, therefore, may contribute synergistically to pain suppression by acupuncture. Sodium pump inhibition by endogenous ouabain may amplify these effects. These synergistic effects may be the molecular mechanism of inhibiting pain sense and/or acupuncture analgesia.