太极拳运动对老年人运动器系影响的研究进展

目的探讨太极拳运动对老年人运动器系的积极及消极影响。方法运用文献综述法、调查法及访问法了解太极拳对老年人运动器系的影响,结合老年人身体机能的生理、生物力和解剖学特点,归纳、总结并分析了目前太极拳对老年人运动器系的影响。结论太极拳运动对于老年骨质疏松的发生能起到延缓的作用,有助于关节周围肌肉、韧带和关节的发展。由于太极拳的运动过程中人体的膝关节长期处于一种屈曲的状态,容易引发一些膝关节损伤。

人体运动器系力学行为与运动损伤关系研究的新方法

本文提出了建立人体运动器系力学模型的新途径，并阐述了Ｘ线活体测量人体肌肉、骨骼、关节结构的方法以及静态、动态下人体各关节最大运动幅度的测量方法。人体运动器系的力学行为是造成运动损伤的最根本的原因。该模型的建立能为运动损伤的治疗、预防提供理论指导。

运动器系生物力学教学内容的组织方法探讨

前言近年来,各体育院系陆续将运动生物力学列为必修课程,但尚未采用统一的教学大纲和通用教材。据了解,运动生物力学课程大都在二年级或二年级以后开设,此时,学生已经具备了运动器系的形态和功能的解剖学基础。考虑到运动生物力学这门课程逻辑性强,因常用数学或物理模型解决问题而显得比较抽象,不象解剖学、生理学那样直观,将运动器系生物力学作为运动生物力学的入门章节,使之成为不同思维方法之间联系的桥梁,是比较合适的。

讲授解剖学“运动器系”贯徹“少而精”原则的几点体会

体育学院解剖学的“运动器系”部分,是学生学习的重点章节,它是学习人体运动力学的基础理論。由于这部分的內容理論問題少,形态結构描述多,需要記忆的名詞多,因此在学生的心目中,常被認为是“繁琐难记,枯燥无味”。为了教好这一重点教材,提高教学質量,几年来,在教学实踐中,經过摸索尝試,虽然走了不少弯路,但也体会到要教好这一部分,必須貫彻“少而精”原則。下面是几点不成熟的体会,願与同志們共同商討。一、根据培养目标,教材的系統性和科学性,拟定教学目的,找出重点,把学好这部分教材的鑰匙交給学生。从培养目标出发,“运动器系”的講授目的与任务应是:(1)使学生了解人体“起动器系”

在讲授人体解剖学“运动器系”中,贯彻“少而精”原则的认识与体会

体育学院人体解剖学的“运动器系”部分。是学生学习的重点章节,同时,也是为以后学习“人体运动力学”的理论知识打下基础。但由于这部分的內容理论问題少,形态结构的描述和需要记忆的名词较多,因此学生认为是“繁琐难记,枯燥无味”的。为了教好这一重点教材,提高教学质量,一年来,我们组內全体教师在教学实践中,通过学习主席关于教育工作的指示和贯彻“少而精”的原则,初步取得了一些效果。现将我们在教学中的几点做法和体会,提出来与同志们共同研讨,并請批评与指正。根据培养目标,拟定教学目的、体系、重点和精选教材;講深、講透基本知识和基本理論。我院的培养目标,是培养“中等学校体育教师”。

解剖系列教学幻灯片的研制与应用

一、研制的动因与目的1、运动解剖课教学改革的迫切需要。体育学院的解剖学是在了解正常人体形态结构的基础上研究运动当中人体形态结构变化规律的科学,是一门重要的基础理论课。它的任务之一是使学生对人体各个器官的位置、外形、内部结构有所认识,为后继课打基础。它的教学内容没有众多原理。

大白鼠腓肠肌—骨标本被动拉伸时弹性刚度测定

骨骼肌是构成人体运动器系的重要生物材料,它以具有高度可兴奋性而使其性质非常复杂。为研究骨骼肌在被动拉伸时的力学性能,本文拟通过对大白鼠腓肠肌—骨标本被动拉伸时的力量—时间曲线的分析,计算骨骼肌在两种拉伸速度下兴奋与松驰状态的弹性刚度,尝试着解释骨骼肌的弹性刚度与结构之间的关系,以便为肌肉力学的研究提供一些参考。 以20只Wistar雄性大白鼠为实验对象,麻醉后制成腓肠肌—骨标本进行快速拉伸实验,实验机可提供0.

Kalman Fliter Approach to Multisensor Registration of Moving Platform

Aim To find an effective method to remove the registration error in multi-sensor systems. Methods A Kalman filtering technique was proposed to estimate and remove sensor bias and sensor fare tilt errors in multisensor systems with a moving platform. Results Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the approach. Conclusion The Kalman filter algorithm am detect registration errors and use this information to converge tracks from independent sensors. This is particularly important if the data from the sensors are to fused.

甲亢多次误诊为周期性瘫痪1例

典型的甲状腺机能亢进症(简称甲亢)临床较常见,但甲亢引起运动器系合并周期性瘫痪临床较少见。我院收治1例,反复以低钾型周期性瘫痪住院,误诊时间达1年之久,现报道如下:

Reactive fuzzy controller design by Q-learning for mobile robot navigation

In this paper a learning mechanism for reactive fuzzy controller design of a mobile robot navigating in unknown environments is proposed. The fuzzy logical controller is constructed based on the kinematics model of a real robot. The approach to learning the fuzzy rule base by relatively simple and less computational Q-learning is described in detail. After analyzing the credit assignment problem caused by the rules collision, a remedy is presented. Furthermore, time-varying parameters are used to increase the learning speed. Simulation results prove the mechanism can learn fuzzy navigation rules successfully only using scalar reinforcement signal and the rule base learned is proved to be correct and feasible on real robot platforms.

Dynamics Modeling and Simulation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles with Appendages

To provide a simulation system platform for designing and debugging a small autonomous underwater vehicle＇s （AUV） motion controller, a six-degree of freedom （6-DOF） dynamic model for AUV controlled by thruster and fins with appendages is examined. Based on the dynamic model, a simulation system for the AUV＇s motion is established. The different kinds of typical motions are simulated to analyze the motion performance and the maneuverability of the AUV. In order to evaluate the influences of appendages on the motion performance of the AUV, simulations of the AUV with and without appendages are performed and compared. The results demonstrate the AUV has good maneuverability with and without appendages.

Active Tracking with Pan-Tilt-Zoom Camera

This paper intends to introduce the active vision system with autonomous robot competition in the background. It presents some characteristics of the human oculomotor system in active ma-chine vision svstem: smooth pursuit and saccade. Besides, zoom tracking is used to continuous ad-justment of a camera's focal length to keep a constant sized image of an object moving along the camera's optical axis. Experiments indicate the technology to be efficient for tracking the bail in the robot competition.

Design of motion control of dam safety inspection underwater vehicle

Plenty of dams in China are in danger while there are few effective methods for underwater dam inspections of hidden problems such as conduits,cracks and inanitions.The dam safety inspection remotely operated vehicle(DSIROV) is designed to solve these problems which can be equipped with many advanced sensors such as acoustical,optical and electrical sensors for underwater dam inspection.A least-square parameter estimation method is utilized to estimate the hydrodynamic coefficients of DSIROV,and a four degree-of-freedom(DOF) simulation system is constructed.The architecture of DSIROV's motion control system is introduced,which includes hardware and software structures.The hardware based on PC104 BUS,uses AMD ELAN520 as the controller's embedded CPU and all control modules work in VxWorks real-time operating system.Information flow of the motion system of DSIROV,automatic control of dam scanning and dead-reckoning algorithm for navigation are also discussed.The reliability of DSIROV's control system can be verified and the control system can fulfill the motion control mission because embankment checking can be demonstrated by the lake trials.

Parameters and Trajectory Overall Optimization Design of the Combined Cycle Engine Reusable Launch Vehicle

Reusable launch vehicle is an important way to realize fast,cheap and reliable space transportation.A combined cycle engine system provides a more efficient and flexible form of power.The investigation on the research status of the combined cycle engine technology,including basic principle,research programs and classification of structure is firstly discussed in this paper.Then the bilevel hierarchical and integrated parameters/trajectory overall optimization technologies are applied to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of overall vehicle design.Simulations are implemented to compare and analyze the effectiveness and adaptability of the two algorithms,in order to provide the technical reserves and beneficial references for further research on combined cycle engine reusable launch vehicles.

Vehicle kinematics modeling and design of vehicle trajectory generator system

A trajectory generator based on vehicle kinematics model was presented and an integrated navigation simulation system was designed.Considering that the tight relation between vehicle motion and topography,a new trajectory generator for vehicle was proposed for more actual simulation.Firstly,a vehicle kinematics model was built based on conversion of attitude vector in different coordinate systems.Then,the principle of common trajectory generators was analyzed.Besides,combining the vehicle kinematics model with the principle of dead reckoning,a new vehicle trajectory generator was presented,which can provide process parameters of carrier anytime and achieve simulation of typical actions of running vehicle.Moreover,IMU(inertial measurement unit) elements were simulated,including accelerometer and gyroscope.After setting up the simulation conditions,the integrated navigation simulation system was verified by final performance test.The result proves the validity and flexibility of this design.

The Application of Moving Base Systems in Driving Simulators with Special Regard to the Sensation of Yaw Movements

Driving simulators involve the capability of simulating critical and dangerous driving situations up to the limits of active safety. They are employed for investigating the interactions of the driver-vehicle system under reproducible and non-dangerous conditions. Because of their flexibility they are well established in scientific research. They are mainly used in current automotive fields of research like driver assistance and autonomous driving systems. The development of assistance systems makes the human being as the directly concerned component irreplaceable in the development process. Here the use of driving simulators has become an essential element, because they offer the possibility to integrate the human being as a real part into the simulation environment. It must be considered that the circuit of information has to be the same as under real driving conditions. Otherwise the results are not transferable. This paper deals with the possibilities of presenting all information to the driver, which are necessary to give him a realistic impression of driving. A main subject is the sensation of yaw-movements, which could be of interest when novel kinds of moving base systems are designed.

Application of interacting multi-model algorithm in gyro signal processing

There is one problem existing in gyroscope signal processing,which is that single models can＇ t adapt to change of carrier maneuvering process.Since it is difficult to identify the angular motion state of gyroscope carriers,interacting multiple model （IMM） is employed here to solve the problem.The Kalman filter-based IMM （IMMKF） algorithm is explained in detail and its application in gyro signal processing is introduced.And with the help of the Singer model,the system model set of gyro outputs is constructed.In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,static experiment and dynamic experiment are carried out respectively.Simulation analysis results indicate that the IMMKF algorithm is excellent in eliminating gyro drift errors,which could adapt to the change of carrier maneuvering process well.

The Design of a Motion Control System for a Parallel Robot with Image Positioning

A motion control system for a parallel robot with image positioning was implemented in this paper. The system is composed of a machine vision device, a delta robot and a linear stage, and the concerned hardware, software and working methods were developed completely and verified successfully. During the phase of machine vision, the image of object was captured by camera, and then the process of smoothing filter, threshold algorithm and edge detection, was applied so as to obtain the edges of image. Finally, DV-GHT （Displacement Vector Generalized Hough Transformation） algorithm was used to recognize the center of multiple and arbitrary 2-D shapes objects. After the center of objects was recognized, the objects were delivered to the workspace of a delta robot by a motorized stage. Through the coordinate transformation between the camera and the robot system, the information of center can be converted to control commands for every working motors. Following, the delta robot picks up objects to the specified position sequentially by the trajectory planning and tracking controls. The software of C＋＋/CLI is used to achieve the phase of motion controls and the program of DV-GHT is used to detect and conduct the positions for four different characteristics of the objects simultaneously so as to indicate the delta robot to classify the objects successfully.

Human Motion Recognition Using Ultra-Wideband Radar and Cameras on Mobile Robot

Cameras can reliably detect human motions in a normal environment, but they are usually affected by sudden illumination changes and complex conditions, which are the major obstacles to the reliability and robustness of the system. To solve this problem, a novel integration method was proposed to combine hi-static ultra-wideband radar and cameras. In this recognition system, two cameras are used to localize the object＇s region, regions while a radar is used to obtain its 3D motion models on a mobile robot. The recognition results can be matched in the 3D motion library in order to recognize its motions. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, the experimental results of recognition using vision sensors and those of recognition using the integration method were compared in different environments. Higher correct-recognition rate is achieved in the experiment.

Design of Motion Controller Based on Touch Screen

Motion controller plays a dominant role in motion control system. With the progress and improvement of motion control technology, the research and application of open, high-performance, low-cost and universal embedded motion controller becomes the necessity of the market. The major objective of the paper is to establish the basic software and hardware platform of a high-performance, low-cost and universal embedded motion controller and study the application. And the paper proposes the idea of developing a low-cost and economic touchscreen motion controller, which provides valuable reference for the relevant research and development in China.