实行全国运猪向运肉转变——从全国猪肉供销引发生猪定点屠宰场发展出路的思考

通过统计分析全国生猪出栏、消费情况,引发实行全国运猪向运肉转变的思考,分析了转变的意义,并提出了全国运猪向运肉转变的措施,为生猪定点屠宰场发展出路提供借鉴与思路。

加强运猪车辆备案监管,有效控制动物疫病传播--山西省阳城县实施运输生猪备案车辆监管工作的探讨

非洲猪瘟具有发病率高、死亡率高等特点,严重危害生猪产业的健康发展。据农业农村部统计,因生猪调运车辆和贩运人员污染携带病毒,不经彻底消毒进入其他猪场引发的疫情占到了我国所发非洲猪瘟疫情的四成以上,在各种传播途径中占比最高。为切实搞好疫情防控工作,实现对生猪调运检疫消毒环节的有效监管,切断可能的传播途径,农业农村部先后出台多份文件对运输生猪车辆的备案监管工作做出安排布署。对运输生猪车辆的备案监管是新形势下出现的新事物,在近两年的工作实践中,既有比较成功的经验,也存在一些实际困难和问题,现将具体情况总结于下,与同行探讨,以期共同做好此项工作,在动物疫病防控中发挥更大的作用。尤其在当前新冠病毒在进口冷链动物产品频频检出的情况下,把好动物及其产品在生产、加工、运输等各个环节的消毒检疫检验关,意义更为重大。

The Operation Model of Pig Supply Chain Based on Temporal and Spatial Perspectives

This paper constructed pig supply chain based on theoretical study and practical research, then analyzed the operation model of pig supply chain from tem- poral and spatial perspectives. The results showed that from the spatial perspective, pig supply chain had five models of operation, such as vertical integration pig sup- ply chain, quasi-vertical integration pig supply chain （tightly-knit pig supply chain）, semi-tightly pig supply chain, loosely-organized pig supply chain and market-oriented pig supply chain. In contrast, from temporal aspect, pig supply chain experiences the pure market transaction, contract form, cooperatives, vertical integration and hori- zontal integration model of operation; the future pig supply chain model in China might be the longitudinal transverse group alliance pig supply chain, namely, the upper vertical integration or quasi-vertical integration （leading processing enterprise ＋ farmer） and down horizontal integration （leading processing enterprises ＋ logistics company ＋ sales）, and it would be a kind of competition among interest groups by division of cooperation.

Effect of Transport Times on Welfare of Pigs

The aim of the study was to investigate effect of transport times of up to 12 h on pigs＇ welfare. An observation box was located on the 3rd floor of the vehicle. Device to measure temperature, humidity and video camera to monitor pigs＇ behaviors were fitted in the box. Eighteen measurements were performed during two seasons for 4, 8, and 12 h of transport time with three replications. Meat samples were taken from longissimus dorsi （LD） and the carcases were chilled for 24 h at ＋4 ~C for pH determination. To determine cortisol, glucose, lactate, and creatine kinase concentration levels, blood samples were collected before and after transport from 90 pigs and from 20 controls that were not transported for control purposes. To evaluate behavioural alterations, frequency of events and durations were considered. Highest pH24 of 5.99 ＋ 0.29 occurred during summer at 12 h transport time. Cortisol concentrations elevated during short and decreased with an increase of transport time （P 〈 0.001）. Highest and lowest glucose concentrations for winter and summer were at 8 and 12 h transport time, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. Concentrations of lactate and creatine kinase positively correlated with transport time （P 〈 0.002）. Lying, sitting, rooting and vocalization behaviours correlated with transport time （P 〈 0.009）. Certain THI values during summer surpassed normal （〉 74） level during loading. The pH24 value correlated with transport time during summer. Lactate and creatine kinase concentrations increased with an increase in transport time but for Glucose, highest value was at 8 h transport time.

Proteome Profiles of Longissimus and Biceps Femoris Porcine Muscles Related to Exercise and Resting

Exercise affects muscle metabolism and composition in the untrained muscles. The proteome of muscle tissue will be affected by exercise and resting. This is of economic importance for pork quality where transportation relates to exercise of untrained muscles. Rest reverses exercise effects. The objective of this research was to develop potential protein biomarkers that predict the optimal resting time after exercise related to optimal pork quality. Ten litters of four female pigs were within litter allocated to the four treatment groups： exercise by running on a treadmill for 27 minutes followed by rest for 0, 1, or 3 h; control pigs without exercise. Proteome profiles and biochemical traits measuring energy metabolism and meat quality traits expected to be related to exercise were determined in the Longissimus and the Biceps femoris of the pigs. The results indicated associations between protein abundances in muscles and exercise, resting, and biochemical traits.

The Absorption and Transportation of Glutamine Containing Small Peptides-Arg-Gly-GIn and Gly-GIn in Jejunum of Weaned Piglets

In order to research the absorption and transportation differences ofglutamine containing small peptides and free glutamine in intestine of weaned piglets, 28-day-old weaned piglets were selected to get the sample for jejunum culture in vitro in this study. Trial 1 was conducted to study the stability of tripeptide （Arg-Gly-Gln） in the jejunum to determine the ideal culture time. It was designed into 2 treatments： control group （Kreb＇s solution, GC） and tripeptide group （by adding 556μmol/L of Arg-Gly-Gln to Kreb＇s solution, GP）. They were cultured for 60 min. The absorption and transportation differences ofglutamine existing as Arg-Gly-Gln, Gly-Gln and free Gin were studied in trial 2. It was designed into 4 treatments： group 1 （G1, control group）, Kreb＇s solution; Group 2 （G2）, Kreb＇s solution＋556 μmol/L Arg-Gly-Gln; group 3 （G3）, Kreb＇s solution＋556 μmol/L Gly-Gln and Arg; group 4 （G4）, Kreb＇s solution＋556 μmol/L arginine, glycine and glutamine. They were cultured for 40 minutes. The results indicated that the absorption and transportation of glutamine existing as Arg-Gly-Gln was more efficient than those of Gly-Gln while Gly-Gln was more efficient than free glutamine. Arg-Gly-Gln may be more excellent than Gly-Gln in physiological functions and nutrition potential.