The numerical manifold method （NMM） can calculate the movements and deformations of structures or materials. Both the finite element method （FEM） for continua and the discontinuous deformation analysis （DDA） for...The numerical manifold method （NMM） can calculate the movements and deformations of structures or materials. Both the finite element method （FEM） for continua and the discontinuous deformation analysis （DDA） for block systems are special cases of NMM. NMM has separate mathematical covers and physical meshes： the mathematical covers define only fine or rough approximations; as the real material boundary, the physical mesh defines the integration fields. The mathematical covers are triangle units; the physical mesh includes the fault boundaries, joints, blocks and interfaces of different crust zones on the basis of a geological tectonic background. Aiming at the complex problem of continuous and discontinuous deformation across the Chinese continent, the numerical manifold method （NMM） is brought in to study crustal movement of the Stchuan-Yunnan area. Based on the GPS velocity field in the Sichuan-Yunnan area, a crustal strain and stress field is simulated and analyzed. Moreover, results show that the NMM is a more suitable method than DDA in simulating the movement of the Sichuan-Yunnan area. Finally, a kind of mechanism of crustal motion in the Sichuan-Yunnan area is discussed in the paper.展开更多
Interval arithmetic is an elegant tool for practical work with inequalities, approximate numbers, error bounds, and more generally with certain convex and bounded sets. In this section we give a number of simple examp...Interval arithmetic is an elegant tool for practical work with inequalities, approximate numbers, error bounds, and more generally with certain convex and bounded sets. In this section we give a number of simple examples showing where intervals and ranges of functions over intervals arise naturally. Interval mathematics is a generalization in which interval numbers replace real numbers, interval arithmetic replaces real arithmetic, and interval analysis replaces real analysis. Interval is limited by two bounds： lower bound and upper bound. The present paper introduces some of the basic notions and techniques from interval analysis needed in the sequel for presenting various uses of interval analysis in electric circuit theory and its applications. In this article we address the representation of uncertain and imprecise information, the interval arithmetic and its application to electrical circuits.展开更多
Intelligent Transportation System （ITS） integrates information and communication technologies with location based technologies into roads, vehicles, traffic and transport management systems. Application of ITS can i...Intelligent Transportation System （ITS） integrates information and communication technologies with location based technologies into roads, vehicles, traffic and transport management systems. Application of ITS can improve situation in major cities where due to the increasing number of residents and level of motorization traffic congestion represents important issue. Another problem arises from this facts and that is that cities have contradictory needs as grooving need for goods within urban areas as well as need for less vehicles in the same area. The urban logistics activities by private companies within urban areas represent an integral part of city logistics that aims to improve the efficiency of urban freight transportation, reduce traffic congestion, mitigate environmental impacts, reduce costs and fuel consumption. This research presents application of ITS technologies and vehicle routing problem for night delivery scheme planning as one of the core techniques for modelling city logistics.展开更多
Auto ownership is one of the most important linkages between travel demand and land use. Residents in denser, urban or more transit accessible neighborhoods tend to own fewer cars. Car ownership influences almost all ...Auto ownership is one of the most important linkages between travel demand and land use. Residents in denser, urban or more transit accessible neighborhoods tend to own fewer cars. Car ownership influences almost all aspects of travel behavior, including travel frequency, travel distances, mode choice and time-of-day choice. At the same time, car ownership affects residential location choices, as households owning cars are less likely to choose urban neighborhoods than households without cars. This paper describes a new microscopic auto-ownership model that has been estimated with survey data. The model is fully integrated with a land use and a transportation model to capture： （1） how owning a car affects travel behavior and location choice; and （2） how the built environment and the transportation needs affect auto-ownership decisions. The model has been validated against census data and is fully operational.展开更多
The Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） aims to improve cross-border infrastructure to reduce transportation costs across a massive geographical area between China and Europe. We estimate how much trade might be created ...The Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） aims to improve cross-border infrastructure to reduce transportation costs across a massive geographical area between China and Europe. We estimate how much trade might be created among Belt and Road （B＆R） countries as a consequence of the reduction in transportation costs （both railway and maritime） and find that European Union countries, especially landlocked countries, will benefit considerably. This is also true for Eastern Europe and Central Asia and, to a lesser extent, South-East Asia. In contrast, if China were to seek to establish a free trade area within the B＆R region, EU member states would benefit less, while Asia would benefit more. Xi Jinping＇s current vision for the B＆R, centered on improving transport infrastructure, is advantageous for Europe as far as trade creation is concerned.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （N0.40574006, N0.40344023）, DGLIGG （L04-02）.
文摘The numerical manifold method （NMM） can calculate the movements and deformations of structures or materials. Both the finite element method （FEM） for continua and the discontinuous deformation analysis （DDA） for block systems are special cases of NMM. NMM has separate mathematical covers and physical meshes： the mathematical covers define only fine or rough approximations; as the real material boundary, the physical mesh defines the integration fields. The mathematical covers are triangle units; the physical mesh includes the fault boundaries, joints, blocks and interfaces of different crust zones on the basis of a geological tectonic background. Aiming at the complex problem of continuous and discontinuous deformation across the Chinese continent, the numerical manifold method （NMM） is brought in to study crustal movement of the Stchuan-Yunnan area. Based on the GPS velocity field in the Sichuan-Yunnan area, a crustal strain and stress field is simulated and analyzed. Moreover, results show that the NMM is a more suitable method than DDA in simulating the movement of the Sichuan-Yunnan area. Finally, a kind of mechanism of crustal motion in the Sichuan-Yunnan area is discussed in the paper.
文摘Interval arithmetic is an elegant tool for practical work with inequalities, approximate numbers, error bounds, and more generally with certain convex and bounded sets. In this section we give a number of simple examples showing where intervals and ranges of functions over intervals arise naturally. Interval mathematics is a generalization in which interval numbers replace real numbers, interval arithmetic replaces real arithmetic, and interval analysis replaces real analysis. Interval is limited by two bounds： lower bound and upper bound. The present paper introduces some of the basic notions and techniques from interval analysis needed in the sequel for presenting various uses of interval analysis in electric circuit theory and its applications. In this article we address the representation of uncertain and imprecise information, the interval arithmetic and its application to electrical circuits.
文摘Intelligent Transportation System （ITS） integrates information and communication technologies with location based technologies into roads, vehicles, traffic and transport management systems. Application of ITS can improve situation in major cities where due to the increasing number of residents and level of motorization traffic congestion represents important issue. Another problem arises from this facts and that is that cities have contradictory needs as grooving need for goods within urban areas as well as need for less vehicles in the same area. The urban logistics activities by private companies within urban areas represent an integral part of city logistics that aims to improve the efficiency of urban freight transportation, reduce traffic congestion, mitigate environmental impacts, reduce costs and fuel consumption. This research presents application of ITS technologies and vehicle routing problem for night delivery scheme planning as one of the core techniques for modelling city logistics.
文摘Auto ownership is one of the most important linkages between travel demand and land use. Residents in denser, urban or more transit accessible neighborhoods tend to own fewer cars. Car ownership influences almost all aspects of travel behavior, including travel frequency, travel distances, mode choice and time-of-day choice. At the same time, car ownership affects residential location choices, as households owning cars are less likely to choose urban neighborhoods than households without cars. This paper describes a new microscopic auto-ownership model that has been estimated with survey data. The model is fully integrated with a land use and a transportation model to capture： （1） how owning a car affects travel behavior and location choice; and （2） how the built environment and the transportation needs affect auto-ownership decisions. The model has been validated against census data and is fully operational.
文摘The Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） aims to improve cross-border infrastructure to reduce transportation costs across a massive geographical area between China and Europe. We estimate how much trade might be created among Belt and Road （B＆R） countries as a consequence of the reduction in transportation costs （both railway and maritime） and find that European Union countries, especially landlocked countries, will benefit considerably. This is also true for Eastern Europe and Central Asia and, to a lesser extent, South-East Asia. In contrast, if China were to seek to establish a free trade area within the B＆R region, EU member states would benefit less, while Asia would benefit more. Xi Jinping＇s current vision for the B＆R, centered on improving transport infrastructure, is advantageous for Europe as far as trade creation is concerned.
