Economic Load Dispatch with Daily Load Patterns Using Particle Swarm Optimization

ELD （economic load dispatch） problem is one of the essential issues in power system operation. The objective of solving ELD problem is to allocate the generation output of the committed generating units. The main contribution of this work is to solve the ELD problem concerned with daily load pattern. The proposed solution technique, developed based PSO （particle swarm optimization） algorithm, is applied to search for the optimal schedule of all generations units that can supply the required load demand at minimum fuel cost while satisfying all unit and system operational constraints. The performance of the developed methodology is demonstrated by case studies in test system of six-generation units. The results obtained from the PSO are compared to those achieved from other approaches, such as QP （quadratic programming）, and GA （genetic algorithm）.

基于质变与量变的供应链利润分配机制设计

设计的供应链合作利润分配机制定量模型由两部分构成,一是合作利润结构性分配,其是机制中的主体分配框架,具有分配中"质变"的性质,结构性分配是通过合作利润分配博弈模型来解得;二是合作利润运行性分配,其是按照利润分配机制设置的三个特征(理性、效用转移性、协商性)、根据合作利润增量转移量模型来设计的,其是基于结构性分配来完善的,具有分配中"量变"的性质,从而使分配机制具有质变与量变的互动功能;最后,通过一个算例来验证所建模型的科学性、可行性。