面向智能持续感知的“传感-计算”共融架构和芯片设计

智能物联网技术是人工智能技术和物联网技术的快速融合发展下的必然产物,设计和实现具有持续智能感知能力的集成物联网节点是各种终端设备实现智能化的必由之路,也是解决当前物联网系统功耗、实时性和安全隐私性等难题的关键技术。对当今新兴的面向智能持续感知的“传感-计算”共融体系架构和集成电路设计新范式进行梳理,首先以智能视觉感知集成系统为突破点,目标是在新型处理架构下将人工智能处理任务与视觉传感器紧密融合,实现能够持续工作的超低功耗智能视觉采集和分析芯片,并进一步拓展到听觉感知和触觉感知等多种感知模态。介绍了多维度可扩展的“传感-计算”共融智能持续感知架构探索方法,高能效“传感+存算一体”混合信号集成电路芯片设计方法,以及跨越设计层次的软硬件联合设计优化思路,解决混合信号共融架构和电路的多种非理想因素,提升低功耗智能芯片的性能和可靠性。

新生儿机械通气的技术探讨

对新生儿机械通气的特殊性与对呼吸机通气控制技术要求进行了分析,并从理论上探讨了较佳的通气技术,提出使用新生儿呼吸机时需关注的几项事项。

新生儿机械通过的技术探讨

本文新生儿机械通气的特殊性呼吸机通气控制的特殊技术要求进行了分析探讨，并从理论上探讨了较佳的通气技术以及从技术角度提出了使用新生儿呼吸机时需关注的几项事项。

便携式X荧光光谱法在土壤常规理化性质预测与发生分类研究中的应用

土壤常规理化性质预测与土壤发生分类研究目前多采用传统方法测定相关指标,这些方法准确度高,但需要繁杂的样品前处理和室内分析,对样品也具有破坏性。X射线荧光光谱法是一种测定物质元素组成的分析技术,便携式X射线荧光光谱法(PXRF)因其快速、实时、多元素同步分析等特点,已广泛应用于土壤重金属污染和土壤质量判定等研究。近年来PXRF也被用于土壤常规理化性质预测和发生分类研究,例如土壤p H、总碳与总氮、CEC、机械组成、总盐度、土层及母质区分等。这些研究多采用多元统计方法,建立某土壤常规理化指标传统方法测得数据与PXRF数据的预测模型,均取得了较好的预测结果,说明PXRF可应用于土壤常规理化指标预测与发生分类研究。

Development of a Haptic Interface with Proximity Sensors and Vibration Motors

As described in this paper, we propose a new haptic interface for a service robot. For safety with service robots working in a space where people live, some notification before collision with an obstacle is desirable. To achieve such a function, we developed a master-slave manipulator system in which the slave manipulator surface is covered with many proximity sensors. Additionally, we developed a haptic device that feeds back proximity sense information to the operator using small vibration motors. We attached the haptic device to the arm of the operator and vibrated the vibration motor corresponding to the sensor. Thereby, the operator was able to ascertain the position of an object near the manipulator, and to make the robot maneuver to avoid it before collision. To confirm the system usefulness, we equipped subjects with the developed proximity sense presentation device and performed a detection-position-specific experiment and an obstacle avoidance experiment in a narrow space. As results of the detection position specific experiment on five subjects, four subjects reported the detection position correctly. The remaining one person failed because of his particular arm shape. Operation experiments conducted in a narrow space showed that all subjects＇ work was successful when given feedback of proximity sense information. Nobody was successful without proximity sense information. Results of these two experiments demonstrate that this proposed system is useful for obstacle avoidance of a master-slave manipulator system.

Fabrication of PdSe2/GaAs Heterojunction for Sensitive Near-Infrared Photovoltaic Detector and Image Sensor Application

In this study,we have developed a high-sensitivity,near-infrared photodetector based on PdSe2/GaAs heterojunction,which was made by transferring a multilayered PdSe2 film onto a planar GaAs.The as-fabricated PdSe2/GaAs heterojunction device exhibited obvious photovoltaic behavior to 808 nm illumination,indicating that the near-infrared photodetector can be used as a self-driven device without external power supply.Further device analysis showed that the hybrid heterojunction exhibited a high on/off ratio of 1.16×10^5 measured at 808 nm under zero bias voltage.The responsivity and specific detectivity of photodetector were estimated to be 171.34 mA/W and 2.36×10^11 Jones,respectively.Moreover,the device showed excellent stability and reliable repeatability.After 2 months,the photoelectric characteristics of the near-infrared photodetector hardly degrade in air,attributable to the good stability of the PdSe2.Finally,the PdSe2/GaAs-based heterojunction device can also function as a near-infrared light sensor.

Predicting Surface Roughness and Moisture of Bare Soils Using Multi- band Spectral Reflectance Under Field Conditions

Soil surface roughness, denoted by the root mean square height(RMSH), and soil moisture(SM) are critical factors that affect the accuracy of quantitative remote sensing research due to their combined influence on spectral reflectance(SR). In regards to this issue, three SM levels and four RMSH levels were artificially designed in this study; a total of 12 plots was used, each plot had a size of 3 m × 3 m. Eight spectral observations were conducted from 14 to 30 October 2017 to investigate the correlation between RMSH, SM, and SR. On this basis, 6 commonly used bands of optical satellite sensors were selected in this study, which are red(675 nm), green(555 nm), blue(485 nm), near infrared(845 nm), shortwave infrared 1(1600 nm), and shortwave infrared 2(2200 nm). A negative correlation was found between SR and RMSH, and between SR and SM. The bands with higher coefficient of determination R^2 values were selected for stepwise multiple nonlinear regression analysis. Four characterized bands(i.e., blue, green, near infrared, and shortwave infrared 2) were chosen as the independent variables to estimate SM with R^2 and root mean square error(RMSE) values equal to 0.62 and 2.6%, respectively. Similarly, the four bands(green, red, near infrared, and shortwave infrared 1) were used to estimate RMSH with R^2 and RMSE values equal to 0.48 and 0.69 cm, respectively. These results indicate that the method used is not only suitable for estimating SM but can also be extended to the prediction of RMSH. Finally, the evaluation approach presented in this paper highly restores the real situation of the natural farmland surface on the one hand, and obtains high precision values of SM and RMSH on the other. The method can be further applied to the prediction of farmland SM and RMSH based on satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) optical imagery.

Experimental Study on Near-IR Nonlinear Optical Waveguide Sensor for Refractive Index of Liquids

To determine the refractive index of liquids in near infrared（lR）, a method is presented by measuring the output angle of the visible Cerenkov-radiation-mode when liquids are placed as the cover on a planar lithium niobate waveguide. The system configuration and the principle of the method are analyzed and some experimental results are given out. Both the experimental result and simulation show that this method is simple, rapid and of sufficient precision.

IMPROVED ALGORITHM FOR MINIMUM DATA AGGREGATION TIME PROBLEM IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Wireless sensor networks promise a new paradigm for gathering data via collaboration among sensors spreading over a large geometrical region. Many applications impose delay requirements for data gathering and ask for time-efficient schedules for aggregating sensed data and sending to the data sink. In this paper, the authors study the minimum data aggregation time problem under collision-free transmission model. In each time round, data sent by a sensor reaches all sensors within its transmission range, but a sensor can receive data only when it is the only data that reaches the sensor. The goal is to find the method that schedules data transmission and aggregation at sensors so that the time for all requested data to be sent to the data sink is minimal. The authors propose a 7△/log2｜s｜＋c, new approximation algorithm for this NP-hard problem with guaranteed performance ratio which significantly reduces the current best ratio of △- 1, where S is the set of sensors containing source data, A is the maximal number of sensors within the transmission range of any sensor, and e is a constant. The authors also conduct extensive simulation, the obtained results justify the improvement of proposed algorithm over the existing one.

Multifunctional two-dimensional glassy graphene devices for vis-NIR photodetection and volatile organic compound sensing

Multifunctional devices are of great interest for integration and miniaturization on the same platform, but simple addition of functionalities would lead to excessively large devices. Here, the photodetection and chemical sensing device is developed based on two-dimensional(2D) glassygraphene that meets similar property requirements for the two functionalities. An appropriate bandgap arising from the distorted lattice structure enables glassy graphene to exhibit comparable or even improved photodetection and chemical sensing capability, compared with pristine graphene. Due to strong interactions between glassy graphene and the ambient atmosphere, the devices are less sensitive to photoinduced desorption than the ones based on graphene. Consequently,the few-layer glassy graphene device delivers positive photoresponse, with a responsivity of 0.22 A W^(-1) and specific detectivity reaching ~10^(10) Jones under 405 nm illumination.Moreover, the intrinsic defects and strain in glassy graphene can enhance the adsorption of analytes, leading to high chemical sensing performance. Specifically, the extracted signalto-noise-ratio of the glassy graphene device for detecting acetone is 48, representing more than 50% improvement over the device based on graphene. Additionally, bias-voltage-and thickness-dependent volatile organic compound(VOC) sensing features are identified, indicating the few-layer glassy graphene is more sensitive. This study successfully demonstrates the potential of glassy graphene for integrated photodetection and chemical sensing, providing a promising solution for multifunctional applications further beyond.

A novel colorimetric and ratiometric NIR fluorescent sensor for glutathione based on dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran in living cells

Glutathione(GSH)plays a critical role in maintaining oxidation-reduction homeostasis in biological systems.Considering the detection of GSH by fluorescence sensors is limited by either the short wavelength emission or the poor photostability,a highly stable colorimetric and ratiometric NIR fluorescent sensor(DCM-S)for GSH detection has been constructed on the basis of dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran(DCM)chromophore.The specific disulfide bond is incorporated via a carbamate linker as the GSH responsive group,which simultaneously blue-shifts and quenches the fluorescence.Upon addition of GSH,DCM-S exhibits outstanding colorimetric(from yellow to red)and ratiometric fluorescent response with the 6-fold enhancement of NIR fluorescence at 665 nm in quantum yield.More importantly,the GSH-treated DCM-S(DCM-NH_2 actually)possesses 20-fold longer fluorescence half-life period as well as much better photostability than the FDA-approved ICG.Finally,the ratiometric detection of GSH is also successfully operated in the living cell imaging,exhibiting NIR fluorescence and large Stokes shift(215 nm)with nearly no background fluorescence interference.As a consequence,DCM-S can be utilized as colorimetric and ratiometric NIR fluorescent sensor for GSH,with a great potential in the development of GSH-induced drug delivery system.