The forbidden pitch ＂dip＂ in the critical dimension （CD） through the pitch curve is a well-known optical proximity effect. The CD and CD process window near the ＂dip＂,usually found near a pitch range of 1.1 to 1...The forbidden pitch ＂dip＂ in the critical dimension （CD） through the pitch curve is a well-known optical proximity effect. The CD and CD process window near the ＂dip＂,usually found near a pitch range of 1.1 to 1.4 wavelength/ NA （numerical aperture）,is smaller when compared with other pitches. This is caused by inadequate imaging contrast for an unequal line and space grating. Although this effect is relatively well-known, its relationship with typical process condition parameters,such as the effective image blur caused by the photo-acid diffusion during the post exposure bake or the aberration in the imaging lens, has not been systematically studied. In this paper, we will examine the correlation between the image blur and the effect on the CD, including the decrease in the CD value （the depth of the ＂dip＂） and the CD process window. We find that both the decrease in the CD value and the focus latitude near the forbidden pitch correlate very well with the effective Gaussian image blur. Longer effective diffusion length correlates well with a smaller process window and a deeper CD ＂dip＂. We conclude that the dip depth is very sensitive to the change in image contrast.展开更多
Intraoperative radiotherapy （IORT） in its broadest sense refers to the delivery of radiation at the time of an opera- tion. It includes multiple techniques, namely intraoperative electron irradiation, intraoperative...Intraoperative radiotherapy （IORT） in its broadest sense refers to the delivery of radiation at the time of an opera- tion. It includes multiple techniques, namely intraoperative electron irradiation, intraoperative brachytherapy and intraopera- rive photon irradiation. It has a wide range of existing and potentially enlarging clinical applications. We will discuss in this review the rationale for and use of intraoperative irradiation in conjunction with surgical exploration with or without external- beam irradiation （EBRT） and chemotherapy.展开更多
Coupled with partial least squares(PLS),near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy was applied to develop a fast and nondestructive method to identify the production date of Rizhao green tea aiming at the deficiencies of the exis...Coupled with partial least squares(PLS),near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy was applied to develop a fast and nondestructive method to identify the production date of Rizhao green tea aiming at the deficiencies of the existing methods.In the modeling process,the raw spectra were first processed by five-point smoothing and first derivative.And then,moving window back propagation artificial neural network(MW-BP-ANN)was applied to select the characteristic spectral variables.After that,the calibration model was built by PLS,and the optimum model was achieved when 9 principal component scores(PCs)were included.The performances of the calibration models were evaluated according to root mean square error of predictionεRMSEP,correlation coefficient(C p)and residual prediction deviation(σRPD).The optimum results of the calibration model was achieved,andεRMSEP=19.965,C p=0.943 andσRPD=3.07.The overall results sufficiently demonstrate that NIR spectroscopy combined with PLS can be efficiently applied in the rapid identification of green tea production date.展开更多
Combining some information from field investigation of algae along the coastal areas in China and a few pictures materialized from the western Yellow Sea in 2008,authors analyze the necessary conditions and possible w...Combining some information from field investigation of algae along the coastal areas in China and a few pictures materialized from the western Yellow Sea in 2008,authors analyze the necessary conditions and possible water area in China producing a large biomass,some reasons for firestorm,and the possibility of the reappearance of marine bloom green alga Enteromorpha prolifera.The change of habitats and the increase of nutritional levels related to the water area could be considered as direct reasons.It was transferred northward by the combination of the flow of rainwater,wind and alongshore marine current.The original region of large biomass produced is possibly located in the southwestern Yellow sea.It will possibly be appearing again in the coming years or in the future.A summary is also given referring to its reproduction,development and distribution worldwide.展开更多
As a bio-recalcitrant organic pollutant in paper mill effluent, lignin is generally removed by an advanced oxidation process, such as a TiO2/H2O2 photocatalytic technique under irradiation with ultraviolet light, whic...As a bio-recalcitrant organic pollutant in paper mill effluent, lignin is generally removed by an advanced oxidation process, such as a TiO2/H2O2 photocatalytic technique under irradiation with ultraviolet light, which only accounts for less than 5% of sunlight. Herein, we reported a TiO2/H2O2-based thermally-assisted photocatalytic process that allows lignin to be efficiently degraded under visible/near-infrared light at an elevated temperature. Adsorption of H2O2 on TiO2 nanoparticles and an increase of temperature facilitate the production and separation of charge carriers under near-infrared and visible light irradiation, accelerate carrier transfer at the TiO2-electrolyte interface and promote the production of hydroxyl radicals, A higher level of H2O2 addition results in an increased degradation rate of lignin,while the optimal temperature for the thermally-assisted photodegradation of lignin is 70℃. A charge carrier excitation and transfer process was proposed for the TiO2/H2O2, thermally-assisted photocatalytic process. This work describes a new method for the photodegradation of organic pollutants,such as residual lignin in paper mill effluent, using wide band gap semiconductors under visible and near-infrared light irradiation.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of pressing auricular points on myopia in children.METHODS:Myopic children aged 8-9 years were divided into two groups.The Chinese herb Semen Vaccariae was used to stimulate the auricul...OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of pressing auricular points on myopia in children.METHODS:Myopic children aged 8-9 years were divided into two groups.The Chinese herb Semen Vaccariae was used to stimulate the auricular points of CO_(10),LO_5,TF_4,CO_(15),CO_(12),and CO_(13) for three treatment courses for the experimental group(n =39),while the same therapy was not given to the control group(n = 33).Binocular naked vision of the experimental group and the control group before and after the intervention was measured using a standard E visual acuity chart.RESULTS:There was no difference in the binocular naked vision between the experimental group and the control group before the intervention.In contrast,there was significant improvement in binocular naked vision in the experimental group after the intervention compared with the control group(P <0.05).CONCLUSION:When combined with external medical application,non-invasive auricular therapy could improve the function of myopia in children.Auricular pressing was well received by the children.展开更多
Objective： It is recommended that transurethral resection of the prostate （TURP） after brachytherapy should not be performed at an early stage after implantation. Herein we report our experiences and the results of...Objective： It is recommended that transurethral resection of the prostate （TURP） after brachytherapy should not be performed at an early stage after implantation. Herein we report our experiences and the results of channel TURP （cTURP） within six months post-implant for patients with refractory urinary retention. Methods： One hundred and ninety patients with localized prostate cancer of clinical stages Tlc to T2c were treated by brachytherapy as monotherapy at our institution from February 2009 to July 2013. Nine patients who developed refractory urinary retention and underwent cTURP within six months after brachytherapy were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results： The median interval between prostate brachytherapy and cTURP was three months （range 1.5 to 5.0 months） There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications and no incontinence resulting from the surgery. All urinary retention was relieved per the American Brachytherapy Society urinary symptom score. With a mean follow-up time of 16 months （range 6 to 26 months） after cTURP, no patient experienced biochemical recurrence. The mean serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） of the patients who underwent cTURP was 0.42 ng/ml （range 0.08 to 0.83 ng/ml） at the end of their follow-up. Conclusions： Early cTURP was found to be safe and effective in relieving urinary retention after brachytherapy and could be performed without compromising its therapeutic efficacy.展开更多
文摘The forbidden pitch ＂dip＂ in the critical dimension （CD） through the pitch curve is a well-known optical proximity effect. The CD and CD process window near the ＂dip＂,usually found near a pitch range of 1.1 to 1.4 wavelength/ NA （numerical aperture）,is smaller when compared with other pitches. This is caused by inadequate imaging contrast for an unequal line and space grating. Although this effect is relatively well-known, its relationship with typical process condition parameters,such as the effective image blur caused by the photo-acid diffusion during the post exposure bake or the aberration in the imaging lens, has not been systematically studied. In this paper, we will examine the correlation between the image blur and the effect on the CD, including the decrease in the CD value （the depth of the ＂dip＂） and the CD process window. We find that both the decrease in the CD value and the focus latitude near the forbidden pitch correlate very well with the effective Gaussian image blur. Longer effective diffusion length correlates well with a smaller process window and a deeper CD ＂dip＂. We conclude that the dip depth is very sensitive to the change in image contrast.
文摘Intraoperative radiotherapy （IORT） in its broadest sense refers to the delivery of radiation at the time of an opera- tion. It includes multiple techniques, namely intraoperative electron irradiation, intraoperative brachytherapy and intraopera- rive photon irradiation. It has a wide range of existing and potentially enlarging clinical applications. We will discuss in this review the rationale for and use of intraoperative irradiation in conjunction with surgical exploration with or without external- beam irradiation （EBRT） and chemotherapy.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(No.JSJL2016210A001)State Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology Fund(No.SKT1507)
文摘Coupled with partial least squares(PLS),near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy was applied to develop a fast and nondestructive method to identify the production date of Rizhao green tea aiming at the deficiencies of the existing methods.In the modeling process,the raw spectra were first processed by five-point smoothing and first derivative.And then,moving window back propagation artificial neural network(MW-BP-ANN)was applied to select the characteristic spectral variables.After that,the calibration model was built by PLS,and the optimum model was achieved when 9 principal component scores(PCs)were included.The performances of the calibration models were evaluated according to root mean square error of predictionεRMSEP,correlation coefficient(C p)and residual prediction deviation(σRPD).The optimum results of the calibration model was achieved,andεRMSEP=19.965,C p=0.943 andσRPD=3.07.The overall results sufficiently demonstrate that NIR spectroscopy combined with PLS can be efficiently applied in the rapid identification of green tea production date.
基金Supported by general and major projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos 40876081,30570125,and 30499340(partly)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)(No 2008BAC49B01)Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No KSCX2-YW-Z-018)
文摘Combining some information from field investigation of algae along the coastal areas in China and a few pictures materialized from the western Yellow Sea in 2008,authors analyze the necessary conditions and possible water area in China producing a large biomass,some reasons for firestorm,and the possibility of the reappearance of marine bloom green alga Enteromorpha prolifera.The change of habitats and the increase of nutritional levels related to the water area could be considered as direct reasons.It was transferred northward by the combination of the flow of rainwater,wind and alongshore marine current.The original region of large biomass produced is possibly located in the southwestern Yellow sea.It will possibly be appearing again in the coming years or in the future.A summary is also given referring to its reproduction,development and distribution worldwide.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270625)
文摘As a bio-recalcitrant organic pollutant in paper mill effluent, lignin is generally removed by an advanced oxidation process, such as a TiO2/H2O2 photocatalytic technique under irradiation with ultraviolet light, which only accounts for less than 5% of sunlight. Herein, we reported a TiO2/H2O2-based thermally-assisted photocatalytic process that allows lignin to be efficiently degraded under visible/near-infrared light at an elevated temperature. Adsorption of H2O2 on TiO2 nanoparticles and an increase of temperature facilitate the production and separation of charge carriers under near-infrared and visible light irradiation, accelerate carrier transfer at the TiO2-electrolyte interface and promote the production of hydroxyl radicals, A higher level of H2O2 addition results in an increased degradation rate of lignin,while the optimal temperature for the thermally-assisted photodegradation of lignin is 70℃. A charge carrier excitation and transfer process was proposed for the TiO2/H2O2, thermally-assisted photocatalytic process. This work describes a new method for the photodegradation of organic pollutants,such as residual lignin in paper mill effluent, using wide band gap semiconductors under visible and near-infrared light irradiation.
基金the Research Project of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Evaluation on Treatment of Teenagers with Four-section Therapy,No.ZZ03116)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of pressing auricular points on myopia in children.METHODS:Myopic children aged 8-9 years were divided into two groups.The Chinese herb Semen Vaccariae was used to stimulate the auricular points of CO_(10),LO_5,TF_4,CO_(15),CO_(12),and CO_(13) for three treatment courses for the experimental group(n =39),while the same therapy was not given to the control group(n = 33).Binocular naked vision of the experimental group and the control group before and after the intervention was measured using a standard E visual acuity chart.RESULTS:There was no difference in the binocular naked vision between the experimental group and the control group before the intervention.In contrast,there was significant improvement in binocular naked vision in the experimental group after the intervention compared with the control group(P <0.05).CONCLUSION:When combined with external medical application,non-invasive auricular therapy could improve the function of myopia in children.Auricular pressing was well received by the children.
文摘Objective： It is recommended that transurethral resection of the prostate （TURP） after brachytherapy should not be performed at an early stage after implantation. Herein we report our experiences and the results of channel TURP （cTURP） within six months post-implant for patients with refractory urinary retention. Methods： One hundred and ninety patients with localized prostate cancer of clinical stages Tlc to T2c were treated by brachytherapy as monotherapy at our institution from February 2009 to July 2013. Nine patients who developed refractory urinary retention and underwent cTURP within six months after brachytherapy were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results： The median interval between prostate brachytherapy and cTURP was three months （range 1.5 to 5.0 months） There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications and no incontinence resulting from the surgery. All urinary retention was relieved per the American Brachytherapy Society urinary symptom score. With a mean follow-up time of 16 months （range 6 to 26 months） after cTURP, no patient experienced biochemical recurrence. The mean serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） of the patients who underwent cTURP was 0.42 ng/ml （range 0.08 to 0.83 ng/ml） at the end of their follow-up. Conclusions： Early cTURP was found to be safe and effective in relieving urinary retention after brachytherapy and could be performed without compromising its therapeutic efficacy.
